__NOTOC__ Anton Willem Nieuwenhuis (22 May 1864 – 21 September 1953) was a Dutch explorer and physician who travelled extensively in central

Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, in relation to major Indonesian islands, it is located north of Java, west of Sulawesi, and eas ...

in the 1890s, recording valuable

ethnographic Ethnography (from Greek ''ethnos'' "folk, people, nation" and ''grapho'' "I write") is a branch of anthropology and the systematic study of individual cultures. Ethnography explores cultural phenomena from the point of view of the subject o ...

information about the

Dayak people The Dayak (; older spelling: Dajak) or Dyak or Dayuh are one of the native groups of Borneo. It is a loose term for over 200 riverine and hill-dwelling ethnic groups, located principally in the central and southern interior of Borneo, each ...

and making biological collections. Nieuwenhuis studied medicine at

Leiden University Leiden University (abbreviated as ''LEI''; nl, Universiteit Leiden) is a Public university, public research university in Leiden, Netherlands. The university was founded as a Protestant university in 1575 by William the Silent, William, Prince o ...

from 1883 to 1889 and took his doctoral degree from the

University of Freiburg The University of Freiburg (colloquially german: Uni Freiburg), officially the Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg (german: Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg), is a public university, public research university located in Freiburg im Breisg ...

in 1890. That year, he joined the armed forces to become a medical officer in the

Royal Dutch East Indies Army The Royal Netherlands East Indies Army ( nl, Koninklijk Nederlands Indisch Leger; KNIL, ) was the military force maintained by the Kingdom of the Netherlands in its colony of the Dutch East Indies, in areas that are now part of Indonesia. The ...

, stationed in 1892 at Sambas,

West Kalimantan West Kalimantan ( id, Kalimantan Barat) is a province of Indonesia. It is one of five Indonesian provinces comprising Kalimantan, the Indonesian part of the island of Borneo. Its capital city is Pontianak, Indonesia, Pontianak. The province has ...

. He participated in three major expeditions to parts of Borneo not then under Dutch control, the first of which took place under the leadership of Gustaaf Adolf Frederik Molengraaff in 1893–1894. He then became the first European to cross Borneo from west to east (or vice versa), from

Pontianak Pontianak or Khuntien is the capital of the Indonesian province of West Kalimantan, founded first as a trading port on the island of Borneo, occupying an area of 118.31 km2 in the delta of the Kapuas River at a point where it is joined by ...

Samarinda Samarinda is the capital city of the Provinces of Indonesia, Indonesian province of East Kalimantan on the island of Borneo. The city lies on the banks of the Mahakam River with a land area of . Samarinda ranks first on East Kalimantan Human dev ...

, in 1896–1897. The third expedition took place in 1898–1900. In 1904, Nieuwenhuis was appointed professor of geography and ethnology at Leiden University and became the editor of the journal ''Internationales Archiv für Ethnographie''. He retired in May 1934 and died in his new hometown in 1953. In an obituary,

Bertram E. Smythies Bertram Evelyn (Bill) Smythies (11 July 1912 (Nainital, India) – 27 June 1999 (Redhill, England)) was a British forester and ornithologist. Life Bertram 'Bill' Smythies, the elder brother of John Raymond Smythies, was born in India in 1912 ...

called him "a Borneo Livingstone". Taxa named after him include the lizard '' Lamprolepis nieuwenhuisii'',Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. . ("Nieuwenhuis", p. 190). the orchid '' Bulbophyllum nieuwenhuisii'', and the blue-wattled bulbul (''Pycnonotus nieuwenhuisii'' ).

Publications

*Nieuwenhuis, Anton Willem (1900). ''In Centraal Borneo: reis van Pontianak naar Samarinda''. E.J. Brill: Leyden. *Nieuwenhuis, Anton Willem (1904–1907). ''Quer durch Borneo: Ergebnisse seiner Reisen in den Jahren 1894, 1896–97 und 1898–1900''. E.J. Brill: Leyden. (German edition).

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* * 19th-century Dutch explorers 20th-century Dutch explorers 1864 births 1953 deaths Dutch ethnographers Explorers of Asia Leiden University alumni Academic staff of Leiden University People from Papendrecht People of the Dutch East Indies {{explorer-stub

Publications

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