Antoine Rodolphe Chevallier (1523–1572) was a French Protestant Hebraist and a holder of teaching positions in England. He acted as tutor in French and Hebrew to the future Elizabeth I of England.
Life
He was born on 16 March 1523 at Montchamps, near
Vire
Vire () is a town and a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Vire Normandie.
Geography
The town is located on the river Vire. Much of it ...
in Normandy. He studied Hebrew under Francis Vatablus at Paris, and became a Protestant. He came to England in Edward VI's reign, about 1548; and was entertained first by Paul Fagius and
Martin Bucer
Martin Bucer ( early German: ''Martin Butzer''; 11 November 1491 – 28 February 1551) was a German Protestant reformer based in Strasbourg who influenced Lutheran, Calvinist, and Anglican doctrines and practices. Bucer was originally a me ...
and afterwards by Archbishop Thomas Cranmer, with whom he stayed for more than a year. Subsequently he settled at Cambridge, where he gave free lectures in Hebrew, and lodged with Emanuel Tremellius, the Hebrew professor. He was pensioned by Cranmer and
Thomas Goodrich
Sir Thomas Goodrich (also spelled Goodricke; died 10 May 1554) was an English ecclesiastic and statesman who was Bishop of Ely from 1534 until his death.
Life
He was a son of Edward Goodrich of East Kirkby, Lincolnshire and brother of Henry ...
,
bishop of Ely
The Bishop of Ely is the ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of Ely in the Province of Canterbury. The diocese roughly covers the county of Cambridgeshire (with the exception of the Soke of Peterborough), together with a section of nort ...
, and married Elizabeth de Grimecieux, Tremellius's stepdaughter, on 1 December 1550. His eldest child, Emanuel, was born at Cambridge on 8 September 1551.
Cranmer recommended Chevallier to the king's notice, and he was granted letters of
denization
Denization is an obsolete or defunct process in England and Ireland and the later Kingdom of Great Britain, the United Kingdom, and the British Empire, dating back to the 13th century, by which an alien (foreigner), through letters patent, became ...
and the reversion to the next vacant
prebend
A prebendary is a member of the Roman Catholic or Anglican clergy, a form of canon with a role in the administration of a cathedral or collegiate church. When attending services, prebendaries sit in particular seats, usually at the back of the ...
at Canterbury. He was the "Mr. Anthony" who taught the Princess Elizabeth French. On Edward VI's death in 1553 Chevallier left for
Strasbourg
Strasbourg (, , ; german: Straßburg ; gsw, label=Bas Rhin Alsatian, Strossburi , gsw, label=Haut Rhin Alsatian, Strossburig ) is the prefecture and largest city of the Grand Est region of eastern France and the official seat of the Eu ...
, where he was appointed Hebrew professor in 1559, but moved in the same year to Geneva and confirmed his intimacy with
John Calvin
John Calvin (; frm, Jehan Cauvin; french: link=no, Jean Calvin ; 10 July 150927 May 1564) was a French theologian, pastor and reformer in Geneva during the Protestant Reformation. He was a principal figure in the development of the system ...
, whose acquaintance he had made before 1554 Ultimately he settled at
Caen
Caen (, ; nrf, Kaem) is a commune in northwestern France. It is the prefecture of the department of Calvados. The city proper has 105,512 inhabitants (), while its functional urban area has 470,000,Huguenots. He was in no hurry to return to Normandy, agreed to become Hebrew lecturer at
St Paul's Cathedral
St Paul's Cathedral is an Anglican cathedral in London and is the seat of the Bishop of London. The cathedral serves as the mother church of the Diocese of London. It is on Ludgate Hill at the highest point of the City of London and is a Grad ...
, and in May 1569 received, at the suggestion of Matthew Parker and
Edmund Grindal
Edmund Grindal ( 15196 July 1583) was Bishop of London, Archbishop of York, and Archbishop of Canterbury during the reign of Elizabeth I. Though born far from the centres of political and religious power, he had risen rapidly in the church durin ...
, the appointment of
Regius Professor of Hebrew in the University of Cambridge The Regius Professorship of Hebrew in the University of Cambridge is an ancient academic chair at the University of Cambridge founded by King Henry VIII in 1540.
When created, the professorship carried a permanent stipend of £40 per year. In 1848 ...
. He matriculated on 3 August 1569, and on 5 September complained to Parker that his stipend as professor had been reduced.
John Drusius
Johannes van den Driesche r Drusius(28 June 1550February 1616) was a Flemish Protestant divine, distinguished specially as an Orientalist, Christian Hebraist and exegete.
Life
He was born at Oudenarde, in Flanders. Intended for the church, he s ...
and
Hugh Broughton
Hugh Broughton (1549 – 4 August 1612) was an English scholar and theologian.
Early life
He was born at Owlbury, Bishop's Castle, Shropshire. He called himself a Cambrian, implying Welsh blood in his veins. He was educated by Bernard Gilpin ...
were his pupils.
Chevallier became a prebendary of Canterbury in 1570, and on 24 March 1572 received leave of absence from Canterbury for two years without prejudice to his emoluments. At the time of the St. Bartholomew's massacre in Paris he escaped to
Guernsey
Guernsey (; Guernésiais: ''Guernési''; french: Guernesey) is an island in the English Channel off the coast of Normandy that is part of the Bailiwick of Guernsey, a British Crown Dependency.
It is the second largest of the Channel Islands ...
, intending to return to England, but died there in October of the same year.
Works
Chevalier's main writings were first published in Bryan Walton's ''Polyglot Bible'' of 1657. In that work appear Chevallier's translation from the Syriac into Latin of the
Targum Hierosolmitanum
Targum Jonathan is a western targum (interpretation) of the Torah (Pentateuch) from the land of Israel (as opposed to the eastern Babylonian Targum Onkelos). Its correct title was originally Targum Yerushalmi (Jerusalem Targum), which is how it wa ...
, his Latin version of the Targum of Pseudo-Jonathan on the Pentateuch, and corrections of Jonathan's Targum on ''Joshua, Judges, Kings, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel'', and the twelve minor prophets. Chevallier's other works are:
*''Rudimenta Hebraicae Linguae accurate methodo et brevitate conscripta'',Availabl here a digital copy (PDF) of th original from the Bibliothèque de Genève. which includes a Hebrew letter by Tremellius commending the book, and a Syriac and Latin version by the author of St. Paul's ''Epistle to the Galatians'', Geneva, 1560, 1567, 1591, and 1592, Wittenberg, 1574, Leyden, 1575; "cum notis P
tri
* Tri- is a numerical prefix meaning three. Tri or TRI may also refer to:
Places
* Tri-Cities Regional Airport, Tennessee, US, IATA code TRI
* Triangulum constellation, astronomical abbreviation Tri
People
*Tri, Former nickname for wrestler Trip ...
Cavallerii", Geneva, 1590
*Emendations on Pagninus's ''Thesaurus Linguae Sanctae'', Leyden, 1576, and Geneva, 1614
*''Alphabetum Hebraicum ex A. C. ... recognitione'', 1566, 1600
*Hebrew verses on Calvin's death, printed in Theodore Beza's poems
Chevallier intended to publish an edition of the Bible in four languages, but did not finish it, and nothing is now known of it.