Louis Antoine Philippe d'Orléans,
Duke of Montpensier
The French lordship
A lordship is a territory held by a lord. It was a landed estate that served as the lowest administrative and judicial unit in rural areas. It originated as a unit under the feudal system during the Middle Ages. In a lordshi ...
(3 July 1775,
Palais-Royal
The Palais-Royal () is a former royal palace located in the 1st arrondissement of Paris, France. The screened entrance court faces the Place du Palais-Royal, opposite the Louvre. Originally called the Palais-Cardinal, it was built for Cardinal ...
, Paris - 18 May 1807,
Salthill
Salthill () is a seaside area in the City of Galway in the west of Ireland. Lying within the townland of Lenaboy (''an Léana BuÃ''), it attracts many tourists all year round. There is a 2 km long promenade, locally known as ''the Pro ...
, England)
[The story of his death at the Windmill Inn at Salthill is in doubt. See ] was a son of
Louis Philippe, Duke of Orléans (''
nom de rėvolution'': "Philippe Égalité") (1747–1793), and his duchess
Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon, Duchess of Orléans
Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon, Duchess of Orléans (13 March 1753 – 23 June 1821), was the daughter of Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, Duke of Penthièvre and Princess Maria Teresa d'Este. At the death of her brother, Louis Alexandre, Pr ...
. He was the younger brother of
Louis Philippe
Louis Philippe (6 October 1773 – 26 August 1850) was King of the French from 1830 to 1848, and the penultimate monarch of France.
As Louis Philippe, Duke of Chartres, he distinguished himself commanding troops during the Revolutionary War ...
, later King of the French. Antoine had a deep affection for him, and they were only ever separated during the
Reign of Terror
The Reign of Terror (french: link=no, la Terreur) was a period of the French Revolution when, following the creation of the First Republic, a series of massacres and numerous public executions took place in response to revolutionary fervour, ...
and the events that followed between 1793 and 1797.
Life
In 1791, Antoine Philippe was appointed as an aide-de-camp, with the rank of sous-lieutenant in his brother's regiment (his brother, then duc de Chartres, was known as "Général Égalité.") He was made adjutant-general before the
battle of Jemmapes
The Battle of Jemappes (6 November 1792) took place near the town of Jemappes in Hainaut, Austrian Netherlands (now Belgium), near Mons during the War of the First Coalition, part of the French Revolutionary Wars. One of the first major offe ...
, in which both he and his brother fought. In Paris at the time of the trial of
Louis XVI
Louis XVI (''Louis-Auguste''; ; 23 August 175421 January 1793) was the last King of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution. He was referred to as ''Citizen Louis Capet'' during the four months just before he was ...
, Antoine Philippe attempted unsuccessfully to persuade his father not to vote for the king's death.
In April 1793, whilst adjutant-general in the ''
armée du Var'', Antoine Philippe was arrested at the same time as the other Bourbons who had remained in France. He was imprisoned in
Fort Saint-Jean at
Marseille
Marseille ( , , ; also spelled in English as Marseilles; oc, Marselha ) is the prefecture of the French department of Bouches-du-Rhône and capital of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Situated in the camargue region of southern Franc ...
.
During his imprisonment, Antoine Philippe contracted
tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by '' Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' (MTB) bacteria. Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but it can also affect other parts of the body. Most infections show no symptoms, in ...
eventually killing him. He had an illegitimate son with
Françoise Barbaroux — ''Jean-Antoine-Philippe Dentend'' (7 July 1797 – 5 March 1858)—who became notary to the House of Orléans. In that role, he aoversaw Louis Philippe's donation of his
personal property
property is property that is movable. In common law systems, personal property may also be called chattels or personalty. In civil law systems, personal property is often called movable property or movables—any property that can be moved fr ...
in 1830 before his accession. Antoine never saw his child; on 13 fructidor year IV (30 August 1796), the
French Directory
The Directory (also called Directorate, ) was the governing five-member committee in the French First Republic from 2 November 1795 until 9 November 1799, when it was overthrown by Napoleon, Napoleon Bonaparte in the Coup of 18 Brumaire and r ...
decided to exile him to
Philadelphia
Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the sixth-largest city in the U.S., the second-largest city in both the Northeast megalopolis and Mid-Atlantic regions after New York City. Sinc ...
, where the
French Republic
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...
's chargé-d'affaires in the United States of America granted him an annual pension of 15,000 francs. He set out on 5 November 1796, accompanied by his brother
Louis-Charles, comte de Beaujolais, and in February 1797 met Louis-Philippe in Philadelphia. For two years they travelled around
New England
New England is a region comprising six states in the Northeastern United States: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. It is bordered by the state of New York to the west and by the Canadian provinces ...
, the
Great Lakes
The Great Lakes, also called the Great Lakes of North America, are a series of large interconnected freshwater lakes in the mid-east region of North America that connect to the Atlantic Ocean via the Saint Lawrence River. There are five lakes ...
region and the
Mississippi
Mississippi () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States, bordered to the north by Tennessee; to the east by Alabama; to the south by the Gulf of Mexico; to the southwest by Louisiana; and to the northwest by Arkansas. Miss ...
valley.
Returning to Europe in 1800, the royal
House of Bourbon
The House of Bourbon (, also ; ) is a European dynasty of French origin, a branch of the Capetian dynasty, the royal House of France. Bourbon kings first ruled France and Navarre in the 16th century. By the 18th century, members of the Spanis ...
remained in exile from France, so the brothers set up in England at
Twickenham
Twickenham is a suburban district in London, England. It is situated on the River Thames southwest of Charing Cross. Historically part of Middlesex, it has formed part of the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames since 1965, and the boroug ...
(Highshot House, Crown Road, building demolished in 1927). Later that year Antoine- Philippe sought the hand in marriage of Lady Charlotte Adelaide Constantia Rawdon (d. 1834), daughter of the
1st Earl of Moira by his third wife,
Elizabeth Hastings, 16th Baroness Botreaux (daughter of the
9th Earl of Huntingdon by his wife,
Lady Selena Shirley, founder of the
Countess of Huntingdon's Connexion
The Countess of Huntingdon's Connexion is a small society of evangelical churches, founded in 1783 by Selina Hastings, Countess of Huntingdon, as a result of the Evangelical Revival. For many years it was strongly associated with the Calvinist ...
). Despite her noble lineage, consent for the marriage was withheld by
Louis, Count of Provence (the future King Louis XVIII), and the couple never wed.
In 1807 Antoine-Philippe's tuberculosis worsened motivating his elder brother to take him to
Devon
Devon ( , historically known as Devonshire , ) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in South West England. The most populous settlement in Devon is the city of Plymouth, followed by Devon's county town, the city of Exeter. Devon is ...
to benefit from the fresh air. Twelve miles out of Twickenham, they were forced to stop at an inn in
Salthill
Salthill () is a seaside area in the City of Galway in the west of Ireland. Lying within the townland of Lenaboy (''an Léana BuÃ''), it attracts many tourists all year round. There is a 2 km long promenade, locally known as ''the Pro ...
, near
Windsor
Windsor may refer to:
Places Australia
* Windsor, New South Wales
** Municipality of Windsor, a former local government area
* Windsor, Queensland, a suburb of Brisbane, Queensland
**Shire of Windsor, a former local government authority around Wi ...
.
During a respiratory crisis, Antoine-Philippe refused the
ether
In organic chemistry, ethers are a class of compounds that contain an ether group—an oxygen atom connected to two alkyl or aryl groups. They have the general formula , where R and R′ represent the alkyl or aryl groups. Ethers can again be c ...
Louis-Philippe was wanting to administer, and, murmuring to him "Give me your hand, I thought I was dying" ("Donne-moi ta main, j'ai cru que je mourais"), and with that he died.
Antoine-Philippe's funeral service was held at the Catholic chapel on King Street in London. ''
Monsieur
( ; ; pl. ; ; 1512, from Middle French , literally "my lord") is an honorific title that was used to refer to or address the eldest living brother of the king in the French royal court. It has now become the customary French title of resp ...
'' (the future King Charles X) attended and, thanks to
Prince Edward, Duke of Kent
Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, (Edward George Nicholas Paul Patrick; born 9 October 1935) is a member of the British royal family. Queen Elizabeth II and Edward were first cousins through their fathers, King George VI, and Prince George, Duk ...
, obtained permission to bury his brother in
Westminster Abbey
Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of Saint Peter at Westminster, is an historic, mainly Gothic church in the City of Westminster, London, England, just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is one of the United ...
.
Works
* ''Relation de la captivité de S.A.S. Monsignor le duc de Montpensier, pendant les années 1793, 1794, 1795 et 1796, écrite par lui-même'', Twickenham, Imprimerie de G. White, 1816
* ''Mémoires de S.A.S. Louis-Antoine-Philippe d'Orléans, duc de Montpensier'', Paris, Baudouin frères, 1824 â€
text on www.gallica.fr
Ancestors
References and notes
*Hay, Malcolm. ''Prince in Captivity: based on the Memoirs and unpublished Letters of Antoine Philippe d'Orleans, Duc de Montpensier, 1775-1807'' (Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1960)
External links
{{DEFAULTSORT:Antoine Philippe, Duke of Montpensier
1775 births
1807 deaths
Dukes of Montpensier
Courtesy dukes
People of the French Revolution
Nobility from Paris
Burials at Westminster Abbey
19th-century deaths from tuberculosis
Tuberculosis deaths in England
Princes of France (Orléans)