Antimony
Antimony is a chemical element with the symbol Sb (from la, stibium) and atomic number 51. A lustrous gray metalloid, it is found in nature mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite (Sb2S3). Antimony compounds have been known since ancient time ...
(
51Sb) occurs in two
stable
A stable is a building in which livestock, especially horses, are kept. It most commonly means a building that is divided into separate stalls for individual animals and livestock. There are many different types of stables in use today; the ...
isotope
Isotopes are two or more types of atoms that have the same atomic number (number of protons in their nuclei) and position in the periodic table (and hence belong to the same chemical element), and that differ in nucleon numbers (mass numbers) ...
s,
121Sb and
123Sb. There are 35 artificial
radioactive isotopes
A radionuclide (radioactive nuclide, radioisotope or radioactive isotope) is a nuclide that has excess nuclear energy, making it unstable. This excess energy can be used in one of three ways: emitted from the nucleus as gamma radiation; transferr ...
, the longest-lived of which are
125Sb, with a
half-life
Half-life (symbol ) is the time required for a quantity (of substance) to reduce to half of its initial value. The term is commonly used in nuclear physics to describe how quickly unstable atoms undergo radioactive decay or how long stable ato ...
of 2.75856 years;
124Sb, with a half-life of 60.2 days; and
126Sb, with a half-life of 12.35 days. All other isotopes have half-lives less than 4 days, most less than an hour.
There are also many
isomers
In chemistry, isomers are molecules or polyatomic ions with identical molecular formulae – that is, same number of atoms of each element – but distinct arrangements of atoms in space. Isomerism is existence or possibility of isomers.
Iso ...
, the longest-lived of which is
120m1Sb with a half-life of 5.76 days.
List of isotopes
, -
,
103Sb
, style="text-align:right" , 51
, style="text-align:right" , 52
, 102.93969(32)#
, 100# ms
1.5 µs,
β+
,
103Sn
, 5/2+#
,
,
, -
, rowspan=4,
104Sb
, rowspan=4 style="text-align:right" , 51
, rowspan=4 style="text-align:right" , 53
, rowspan=4, 103.93647(39)#
, rowspan=4, 0.47(13) s
.44(+15−11) s, β
+ (86%)
,
104Sn
, rowspan=4,
, rowspan=4,
, rowspan=4,
, -
,
p (7%)
,
103Sn
, -
, β
+, p (7%)
,
103In
, -
,
α (<1%)
,
100In
, -
, rowspan=3,
105Sb
, rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 51
, rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 54
, rowspan=3, 104.93149(11)
, rowspan=3, 1.12(16) s
, β
+ (99%)
,
105Sn
, rowspan=3, (5/2+)
, rowspan=3,
, rowspan=3,
, -
, p (1%)
,
104Sn
, -
, β
+, p (<1%)
,
104In
, -
,
106Sb
, style="text-align:right" , 51
, style="text-align:right" , 55
, 105.92879(34)#
, 0.6(2) s
, β
+
,
106Sn
, (4+)
,
,
, -
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
106mSb
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 1000(500)# keV
, 220(20) ns
,
,
,
,
,
, -
,
107Sb
, style="text-align:right" , 51
, style="text-align:right" , 56
, 106.92415(32)#
, 4.0(2) s
, β
+
,
107Sn
, 5/2+#
,
,
, -
, rowspan=2,
108Sb
, rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 51
, rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 57
, rowspan=2, 107.92216(22)#
, rowspan=2, 7.4(3) s
, β
+
,
108Sn
, rowspan=2, (4+)
, rowspan=2,
, rowspan=2,
, -
, β
+, p (rare)
,
107In
, -
,
109Sb
, style="text-align:right" , 51
, style="text-align:right" , 58
, 108.918132(20)
, 17.3(5) s
, β
+
,
109Sn
, 5/2+#
,
,
, -
,
110Sb
, style="text-align:right" , 51
, style="text-align:right" , 59
, 109.91675(22)#
, 23.0(4) s
, β
+
,
110Sn
, (4+)
,
,
, -
,
111Sb
, style="text-align:right" , 51
, style="text-align:right" , 60
, 110.91316(3)
, 75(1) s
, β
+
,
111Sn
, (5/2+)
,
,
, -
,
112Sb
, style="text-align:right" , 51
, style="text-align:right" , 61
, 111.912398(19)
, 51.4(10) s
, β
+
,
112Sn
, 3+
,
,
, -
,
113Sb
, style="text-align:right" , 51
, style="text-align:right" , 62
, 112.909372(19)
, 6.67(7) min
, β
+
,
113Sn
, 5/2+
,
,
, -
,
114Sb
, style="text-align:right" , 51
, style="text-align:right" , 63
, 113.90927(3)
, 3.49(3) min
, β
+
,
114Sn
, (3+)
,
,
, -
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
114mSb
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 495.5(7) keV
, 219(12) µs
,
,
, (8−)
,
,
, -
,
115Sb
, style="text-align:right" , 51
, style="text-align:right" , 64
, 114.906598(17)
, 32.1(3) min
, β
+
,
115Sn
, 5/2+
,
,
, -
,
116Sb
, style="text-align:right" , 51
, style="text-align:right" , 65
, 115.906794(6)
, 15.8(8) min
, β
+
,
116Sn
, 3+
,
,
, -
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
116m1Sb
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 93.99(5) keV
, 194(4) ns
,
,
, 1+
,
,
, -
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
116m2Sb
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 380(40) keV
, 60.3(6) min
, β
+
,
116Sn
, 8−
,
,
, -
,
117Sb
, style="text-align:right" , 51
, style="text-align:right" , 66
, 116.904836(10)
, 2.80(1) h
, β
+
,
117Sn
, 5/2+
,
,
, -
,
118Sb
, style="text-align:right" , 51
, style="text-align:right" , 67
, 117.905529(4)
, 3.6(1) min
, β
+
,
118Sn
, 1+
,
,
, -
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
118m1Sb
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 50.814(21) keV
, 20.6(6) µs
,
,
, (3)+
,
,
, -
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
118m2Sb
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 250(6) keV
, 5.00(2) h
, β
+
,
118Sn
, 8−
,
,
, -
,
119Sb
, style="text-align:right" , 51
, style="text-align:right" , 68
, 118.903942(9)
, 38.19(22) h
,
EC
,
119Sn
, 5/2+
,
,
, -
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
119m1Sb
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 2553.6(3) keV
, 130(3) ns
,
,
, (19/2−)
,
,
, -
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
119m2Sb
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 2852(7) keV
, 850(90) ms
,
IT
,
119Sb
, 27/2+#
,
,
, -
,
120Sb
, style="text-align:right" , 51
, style="text-align:right" , 69
, 119.905072(8)
, 15.89(4) min
, β
+
,
120Sn
, 1+
,
,
, -
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
120m1Sb
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 0(100)# keV
, 5.76(2) d
, β
+
,
120Sn
, 8−
,
,
, -
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
120m2Sb
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 78.16(5) keV
, 246(2) ns
,
,
, (3+)
,
,
, -
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
120m3Sb
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 2328.3(6) keV
, 400(8) ns
,
,
, (6)
,
,
, -
,
121Sb
Fission product
Nuclear fission products are the atomic fragments left after a large atomic nucleus undergoes nuclear fission. Typically, a large nucleus like that of uranium fissions by splitting into two smaller nuclei, along with a few neutrons, the release ...
, style="text-align:right" , 51
, style="text-align:right" , 70
, 120.9038157(24)
, colspan=3 align=center, Stable
[Theoretically capable of ]spontaneous fission
Spontaneous fission (SF) is a form of radioactive decay that is found only in very heavy chemical elements. The nuclear binding energy of the elements reaches its maximum at an atomic mass number of about 56 (e.g., iron-56); spontaneous breakdo ...
, 5/2+
, 0.5721(5)
,
, -
, rowspan=2,
122Sb
, rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 51
, rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 71
, rowspan=2, 121.9051737(24)
, rowspan=2, 2.7238(2) d
, β
− (97.59%)
,
122Te
, rowspan=2, 2−
, rowspan=2,
, rowspan=2,
, -
, β
+ (2.41%)
,
122Sn
, -
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
122m1Sb
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 61.4131(5) keV
, 1.86(8) µs
,
,
, 3+
,
,
, -
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
122m2Sb
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 137.4726(8) keV
, 0.53(3) ms
,
,
, (5)+
,
,
, -
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
122m3Sb
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 163.5591(17) keV
, 4.191(3) min
, IT
,
122Sb
, (8)−
,
,
, -
,
123Sb
, style="text-align:right" , 51
, style="text-align:right" , 72
, 122.9042140(22)
, colspan=3 align=center, Stable
, 7/2+
, 0.4279(5)
,
, -
,
124Sb
, style="text-align:right" , 51
, style="text-align:right" , 73
, 123.9059357(22)
, 60.20(3) d
, β
−
,
124Te
, 3−
,
,
, -
, rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" ,
124m1Sb
, rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 10.8627(8) keV
, rowspan=2, 93(5) s
, IT (75%)
,
124Sb
, rowspan=2, 5+
, rowspan=2,
, rowspan=2,
, -
, β
− (25%)
,
124Te
, -
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
124m2Sb
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 36.8440(14) keV
, 20.2(2) min
,
,
, (8)−
,
,
, -
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
124m3Sb
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 40.8038(7) keV
, 3.2(3) µs
,
,
, (3+, 4+)
,
,
, -
,
125Sb
, style="text-align:right" , 51
, style="text-align:right" , 74
, 124.9052538(28)
, 2.75856(25) y
, β
−
,
125mTe
, 7/2+
,
,
, -
,
126Sb
, style="text-align:right" , 51
, style="text-align:right" , 75
, 125.90725(3)
, 12.35(6) d
, β
−
,
126Te
, (8−)
,
,
, -
, rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" ,
126m1Sb
, rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 17.7(3) keV
, rowspan=2, 19.15(8) min
, β
− (86%)
,
126Te
, rowspan=2, (5+)
, rowspan=2,
, rowspan=2,
, -
, IT (14%)
,
126Sb
, -
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
126m2Sb
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 40.4(3) keV
, ~11 s
, IT
,
126m1Sb
, (3−)
,
,
, -
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
126m3Sb
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 104.6(3) keV
, 553(5) ns
,
,
, (3+)
,
,
, -
,
127Sb
, style="text-align:right" , 51
, style="text-align:right" , 76
, 126.906924(6)
, 3.85(5) d
, β
−
,
127mTe
, 7/2+
,
,
, -
,
128Sb
, style="text-align:right" , 51
, style="text-align:right" , 77
, 127.909169(27)
, 9.01(4) h
, β
−
, ''
128Te''
, 8−
,
,
, -
, rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" ,
128mSb
, rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 10(7) keV
, rowspan=2, 10.4(2) min
, β
− (96.4%)
, ''
128Te''
, rowspan=2, 5+
, rowspan=2,
, rowspan=2,
, -
, IT (3.6%)
,
128Sb
, -
,
129Sb
, style="text-align:right" , 51
, style="text-align:right" , 78
, 128.909148(23)
, 4.40(1) h
, β
−
,
129mTe
, 7/2+
,
,
, -
, rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" ,
129m1Sb
, rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 1851.05(10) keV
, rowspan=2, 17.7(1) min
, β
− (85%)
,
129Te
, rowspan=2, (19/2−)
, rowspan=2,
, rowspan=2,
, -
, IT (15%)
,
129Sb
, -
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
129m2Sb
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 1860.90(10) keV
, >2 µs
,
,
, (15/2−)
,
,
, -
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
129m3Sb
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 2138.9(5) keV
, 1.1(1) µs
,
,
, (23/2+)
,
,
, -
,
130Sb
, style="text-align:right" , 51
, style="text-align:right" , 79
, 129.911656(18)
, 39.5(8) min
, β
−
, ''
130Te''
, (8−)#
,
,
, -
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
130mSb
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 4.80(20) keV
, 6.3(2) min
, β
−
, ''
130Te''
, (4, 5)+
,
,
, -
,
131Sb
, style="text-align:right" , 51
, style="text-align:right" , 80
, 130.911982(22)
, 23.03(4) min
, β
−
,
131mTe
, (7/2+)
,
,
, -
,
132Sb
, style="text-align:right" , 51
, style="text-align:right" , 81
, 131.914467(15)
, 2.79(5) min
, β
−
,
132Te
, (4+)
,
,
, -
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
132m1Sb
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 200(30) keV
, 4.15(5) min
, β
−
,
132Te
, (8−)
,
,
, -
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
132m2Sb
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 254.5(3) keV
, 102(4) ns
,
,
, (6−)
,
,
, -
,
133Sb
, style="text-align:right" , 51
, style="text-align:right" , 82
, 132.915252(27)
, 2.5(1) min
, β
−
,
133mTe
, (7/2+)
,
,
, -
,
134Sb
, style="text-align:right" , 51
, style="text-align:right" , 83
, 133.92038(5)
, 0.78(6) s
, β
−
,
134Te
, (0-)
,
,
, -
, rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" ,
134mSb
, rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 80(110) keV
, rowspan=2, 10.07(5) s
, β
− (99.9%)
,
134Te
, rowspan=2, (7−)
, rowspan=2,
, rowspan=2,
, -
, β
−,
n (.091%)
,
133Te
, -
, rowspan=2,
135Sb
, rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 51
, rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 84
, rowspan=2, 134.92517(11)
, rowspan=2, 1.68(2) s
, β
− (82.4%)
,
135Te
, rowspan=2, (7/2+)
, rowspan=2,
, rowspan=2,
, -
, β
−, n (17.6%)
,
134Te
, -
, rowspan=2,
136Sb
, rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 51
, rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 85
, rowspan=2, 135.93035(32)#
, rowspan=2, 0.923(14) s
, β
− (83%)
,
136Te
, rowspan=2, 1−#
, rowspan=2,
, rowspan=2,
, -
, β
−, n (17%)
,
135Te
, -
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
136mSb
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 173(3) keV
, 570(50) ns
,
,
, 6−#
,
,
, -
, rowspan=2,
137Sb
, rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 51
, rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 86
, rowspan=2, 136.93531(43)#
, rowspan=2, 450(50) ms
, β
−
,
137Te
, rowspan=2, 7/2+#
, rowspan=2,
, rowspan=2,
, -
, β
−, n
,
136Te
, -
, rowspan=2,
138Sb
, rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 51
, rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 87
, rowspan=2, 137.94079(32)#
, rowspan=2, 500# ms
300 ns, β
−
,
138Te
, rowspan=2, 2−#
, rowspan=2,
, rowspan=2,
, -
, β
−, n
,
137Te
, -
,
139Sb
, style="text-align:right" , 51
, style="text-align:right" , 88
, 138.94598(54)#
, 300# ms
300 ns, β
−
,
139Te
, 7/2+#
,
,
See also
References
* Isotope masses from:
**
* Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
**
**
* Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
**
**
**
{{Authority control
Antimony
Antimony
Antimony is a chemical element with the symbol Sb (from la, stibium) and atomic number 51. A lustrous gray metalloid, it is found in nature mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite (Sb2S3). Antimony compounds have been known since ancient time ...