In chemistry an antimonate is a compound which contains a

metallic element A metal (from Greek μέταλλον ''métallon'', "mine, quarry, metal") is a material that, when freshly prepared, polished, or fractured, shows a lustrous appearance, and conducts electricity and heat relatively well. Metals are typicall ...

oxygen Oxygen is the chemical element with the symbol O and atomic number 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group in the periodic table, a highly reactive nonmetal, and an oxidizing agent that readily forms oxides with most elements as wel ...

, and

antimony Antimony is a chemical element with the symbol Sb (from la, stibium) and atomic number 51. A lustrous gray metalloid, it is found in nature mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite (Sb2S3). Antimony compounds have been known since ancient time ...

in an

oxidation state In chemistry, the oxidation state, or oxidation number, is the hypothetical charge of an atom if all of its bonds to different atoms were fully ionic. It describes the degree of oxidation (loss of electrons) of an atom in a chemical compound. C ...

of +5. These compounds adopt polymeric structures with M-O-Sb linkages. They can be considered to be derivatives of the hypothetical

antimonic acid Antimony is a chemical element with the symbol Sb (from la, stibium) and atomic number 51. A lustrous gray metalloid, it is found in nature mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite (Sb2S3). Antimony compounds have been known since ancient ti ...

H₃SbO₄, or combinations of

metal oxide An oxide () is a chemical compound that contains at least one oxygen atom and one other element in its chemical formula. "Oxide" itself is the dianion of oxygen, an O2– (molecular) ion. with oxygen in the oxidation state of −2. Most of the E ...

s and

antimony pentoxide Antimony pentoxide (molecular formula: Sb2O5) is a chemical compound of antimony and oxygen. It contains antimony in the +5 oxidation state. Structure Antimony pentoxide has the same structure as the ''B'' form of niobium pentoxide and can be deri ...

, Sb₂O₅. Historically these compounds were assumed to be analogous to the phosphates and formulas such as LiSbO₃·3H₂O and Na₂H₂Sb₂O₇·5H₂O were used and the compounds described as hydrated meta-antimonates and pyro-antimonates. LiSbO₃·3H₂O is now known to be LiSb(OH)₆ and contain the anion and that Na₂H₂Sb₂O₇·5H₂O is actually NaSb(OH)₆. Wells A.F. (1984) ''Structural Inorganic Chemistry'' 5th edition, Oxford Science Publications Some examples of antimonates and their structures are shown below: *Li₃SbO₄ has a

NaCl Sodium chloride , commonly known as salt (although sea salt also contains other chemical salts), is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chloride ions. With molar masses of 22.99 and 35.45 g ...

superstructure with isolated units. *Sodium antimonate, NaSbO₃, has the

ilmenite Ilmenite is a titanium-iron oxide mineral with the idealized formula . It is a weakly magnetic black or steel-gray solid. Ilmenite is the most important ore of titanium and the main source of titanium dioxide, which is used in paints, printing ...

structure, with hexagonal close packed oxide ions with each ion, Na⁺ and Sb⁵⁺ occupying a third of the octahedral sites. *MgSb₂O₆ has the trirutile structure, which is similar to the

rutile Rutile is an oxide mineral composed of titanium dioxide (TiO2), the most common natural form of TiO2. Rarer Polymorphism (materials science), polymorphs of TiO2 are known, including anatase, akaogiite, and brookite. Rutile has one of the highest ...

structure except that there are two different cations in the lattice. *AlSbO₄ has the

structure with random occupancy. *Lead antimonate, Pb₂Sb₂O₇, Naples yellow, has the

pyrochlore Pyrochlore () is a mineral group of the niobium end member of the pyrochlore supergroup. The general formula, (where A and B are metals), represent a family of phases isostructural to the mineral pyrochlore. Pyrochlores are an important class of ...

structure. *Calcium antimonate, Ca₂Sb₂O₇, has the weberite structure. *Ferric ortho-antimonate, Fe₂O₃·Sb₂O₅ or FeSbO₄, has the

structure with random occupancy.

Antimonate in chemical nomenclature

IUPAC recommendations are that compounds with anions containing antimony(V) have the antimonate(V) suffix or antimonate followed by a charge number, for example the ion would be called hexahydridoxidoantimonate(V) or alternatively hexahydroxidoantimonate(1−).Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry—IUPAC Recommendations 200
Red Book 2005.pdf
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References

{{Reflist Antimony(V) compounds Oxyanions Oxometallates

Antimonate in chemical nomenclature

See also

References