''Antillocladius'' is a genus of
midges
A midge is any small fly, including species in several families of non-mosquito Nematoceran Diptera. Midges are found (seasonally or otherwise) on practically every land area outside permanently arid deserts and the frigid zones. Some midg ...
belonging to the family
Chironomidae, subfamily
Orthocladiinae
Orthocladiinae is a subfamily of midges in the non-biting midge family (biology), family (Chironomidae). For lack of a better common name, they are simply referred to as orthoclads.
Genera
*''Aagaardia'' Ole A. Sæther, Sæther, 1985
*''Abisk ...
. The name ''Antillocladius'' means orthoclad (subfamily Orthocladiinae) that occurs in the
Antilles, where it was primarily recorded.
Distribution
The genus ''Antillocladius'' is distributed in the
Nearctic,
Neotropical,
Palaearctic (East
Asia) and
Indomalayan realm
The Indomalayan realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms. It extends across most of South and Southeast Asia and into the southern parts of East Asia.
Also called the Oriental realm by biogeographers, Indomalaya spreads all over the Indi ...
s. The genus was erected by Sæther (1981) based on ''A. antecalvus'' Sæther, 1981, from the
British West Indies:
Saint Vincent and
Saint Lucia
Saint Lucia ( acf, Sent Lisi, french: Sainte-Lucie) is an island country of the West Indies in the eastern Caribbean. The island was previously called Iouanalao and later Hewanorra, names given by the native Arawaks and Caribs, two Amerindian ...
. Subsequently, Sæther (1982) described two new species from the southeastern United States (''
Antillocladius arcuatus
''Antillocladius'' is a genus of midges belonging to the family Chironomidae, subfamily Orthocladiinae. The name ''Antillocladius'' means orthoclad (subfamily Orthocladiinae) that occurs in the Antilles, where it was primarily recorded.
Distribu ...
'' and ''
Antillocladius pluspilalus
''Antillocladius'' is a genus of midges belonging to the family Chironomidae, subfamily Orthocladiinae. The name ''Antillocladius'' means orthoclad (subfamily Orthocladiinae) that occurs in the Antilles, where it was primarily recorded.
Distribu ...
'') and emended the genus. Wang and Sæther (1993) described two additional new species from Palaearctic and Oriental China. Andersen and Contreras-Ramos (1999) described the first species from Continental
South America (
Ecuador). The genus was revised by Mendes, Andersen & Sæther (2004), with the addition of nine species, plus two Japanese species transferred to the genus (Yamamoto, 2004). Recently the genus was revised by Mendes & Andersen (2008) with the addition of 7 new species from Brazil and a new combination of a species from India. The genus thus comprises:
Species
:*''
A. anandae''
Mendes, Andersen & Hagenlund, 2011 - recorded from
Brazil
:*''
A. antecalvus''
Sæther, 1981 - recorded from
Saint Vincent,
Brazil and
Venezuela
:*''
A. arcuatus''
Sæther, 1982 - recorded from United States,
Brazil, Mexico and
Venezuela
:*''
A. atalaia''
Mendes & Andersen, 2008 - recorded from
Brazil
:*''
A. axitiosus''
Mendes & Andersen, 2008 - recorded from
Brazil
:*''
A. biota''
Mendes, Andersen & Sæther, 2004 - recorded from
Brazil
:*''
A. brazuca''
Mendes & Andersen, 2008 - recorded from
Brazil
:*''
A. calakmulensis''
Mendes, Andersen & Sæther, 2004 - recorded from Mexico
:*''
A. campususp''
Mendes & Andersen, 2008 - recorded from
Brazil
:*''
A. folius''
Mendes, Andersen & Sæther, 2004 - recorded from
Brazil
:*''
A. gephyrus''
Mendes & Andersen, 2008 - recorded from
Brazil
:*''
A. herradurus''
Mendes, Andersen & Sæther, 2004 - recorded from Mexico
:*''
A. itatiaia''
Mendes, Andersen & Hagenlund, 2011 - recorded from
Brazil
:*''
A. laviejae''
Ospina-Torres, Jaime-Murcia & Mey, 2018 - recorded from
Colombia
Colombia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country in South America with insular regions in North America—near Nicaragua's Caribbean coast—as well as in the Pacific Ocean. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Car ...
:*''
A. musci''
Mendes, Andersen & Sæther, 2004 - recorded from
Brazil
:*''
A. plicatus''
Mendes & Andersen, 2008 - recorded from
Brazil
:*''
A. pluspilalus''
Sæther, 1982 - recorded from United States,
Ecuador, Mexico and
Nicaragua
:*''
A. scalpellatus''
Wang & Sæther, 1993 - recorded from China and Russia
:*''
A. skartveiti''
Andersen & Contreras-Ramos, 1999 - recorded from
Ecuador
:*''
A. sooretama''
Mendes, Andersen & Sæther, 2004 - recorded from
Brazil
:*''
A. subnubilus''
(Sinharay & Chaudhuri, 1979) - recorded from India
:*''
A. tokarameneus''
(Sasa & Suzuki, 1995) - recorded from Japan
:*''
A. ubatuba''
Mendes, Andersen & Sæther, 2004 - recorded from
Brazil
:*''
A. ultimus''
Mendes & Andersen, 2008 - recorded from
Brazil
:*''
A. venequatoriensis''
Mendes, Andersen & Sæther, 2004 - recorded from
Venezuela and
Ecuador
:*''
A. yakyijeus''
(Sasa & Suzuki, 2000) - recorded from Japan
:*''
A. zempoalensis''
Mendes, Andersen & Sæther, 2004 - recorded from Mexico
:*''
A. zhengi''
Wang & Sæther, 1993 - recorded from China and
Thailand
Characteristics
The species are based on male
genitalia characters and only two females are described, ''A. musci'' and ''A. antecalvus''. The
pupae are known of only four species, ''A. antecalvus'', ''A. folius'', ''A. musci'' and ''A. pluspilalus''. The
larvae are known of only three species, ''A. folius'', ''A. musci'' and ''A. pluspilalus''.
The immatures of the genus are described from terrestrial and semi-terrestrial habitats, sharing the environment with many other genera in the subfamily Orthocladiinae.
Bibliography
*Andersen, T. & Contreras-Ramos, A. (1999) First record of ''Antillocladius''
Sæther from Continental South America (Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae). ''
Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae'' 45, 149–154.
*Coffman, W.P., Cranston, P.S., Oliver, D.R. & Sæther, O.A. (1986) The pupae of Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses. In: Wiederholm, T. (Ed.) Chironomidae of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses. Part 2. Pupae. Entomologica scandinavica, Supplement, 28, 147–298.
*Cranston, P.S., Oliver, D.R. & Sæther, O.A. (1983) The larvae of Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses. In: Wiederholm, T. (Ed.) Chironomidae of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses. Part 1. Larvae. Entomologica scandinavica, Supplement 19, 149–291.
*Cranston, P.S., Oliver, D.R. & Sæther, O.A. (1989) The adult males of Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region - Keys and diagnoses. In: Wiederholm, T. (Ed.), Chironomidae of the Holarctic region - Keys and diagnoses. Part 3. Adult males. Entomologica scandinavica, Supplement 34, 165–352.
*Mendes, H.F. & Andersen, T. (2008) A review of ''Antillocladius'' Sæther, 1981 and ''Litocladius'' Mendes, Andersen et Sæther, with the description of two new Neotropical genera (Diptera, Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 1887, 1–75.
[http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2008/f/zt01887p075.pdf ]
*Mendes, H.F., Andersen, T. & Hagenlund, L.K. (2011). New species and records of ''Antillocladius'' Sæther and ''Litocladius'' Mendes, Andersen ''et'' Sæther from Brazil and Costa Rica (Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 2915, 39-51.
*Mendes, H.F., Andersen, T. & Sæther, O.A. (2004) A review of ''Antillocladius'' Sæther, 1981; ''Compterosmittia'' Sæther, 1981 and ''Litocladius'' new genus (Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 594, 1–82.
*Sasa, M. & Suzuki, H. (1995) The chironomid species collected on the Tokara Islands, Kagoshima (Diptera). Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology, 46, 255-288.
*Sasa, M. & Suzuki, H. (2000) Studies on the Chironomid Midges Collected on Yakushima Island, Southwestern Japan. Tropical Medicine 42, 53-134.
*Sæther, O.A. (1981) Orthocladiinae (Chironomidae: Diptera) from the British West Indies with descriptions of ''Antillocladius'' n. gen., ''Lipurometriocmemus'' n. gen., ''Compterosmittia'' n. gen. and ''Diplosmittia'' n. gen. – Entomologica scandinavica, Supplement,16, 1-46.
*Sæther, O.A. (1982) Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) from SE U.S.A., with descriptions of ''Plhudsonia'', ''Unniella'' and ''Platysmittia'' n. genera and ''Atelopodella'' n. subgen. Entomologica scandinavica 13, 465–510.
*Sæther, O.A. (1984) The immatures of ''Antillocladius'' Sæther, 1981 (Diptera: Chironomidae). Aquatic Insects 6, 1–6.
*Spies, M. & Reiss, F. (1996) Catalog and bibliography of Neotropical and Mexican Chironomidae (Insecta, Diptera). Spixiana, Supplement 22, 61–119.
*Tiunova, T.M., Teslenko, V.A., Arefina, T.I., Makarchenko, M.A. & Zorina, O.V. (2003) Fauna of aquatic insects in Barabashevka River basin (Southern Primorye). In: Vladimir Ya. Levanidov's Biennial Memorial Meetings, vol 2. Dalnauka, Vladivostok, pp. 61–69.
n Russian
N, or n, is the fourteenth letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''en'' (pronounced ), plural ''ens''.
History
...
*Wang, X. (2000) A revised checklist of chironomids from China (Diptera). In: Hoffrichter, O. (Ed.) Late 20th Century Research on Chironomide: An Anthology from the 13th International Symposium on Chironomidae. Freiburg, 5–9 September 1997. Aachen,
Shaker Verlag, 629–652.
*Wang, X. & Sæther, O.A. (1993) First Palaearctic and Oriental records of the orthoclad genus ''Antillocladius'' Sæther (Diptera: Chironomidae). Entomologica scandinavica 24, 227–230.
*Yamamoto, M. (2004) A catalog of Japanese
Orthocladiinae
Orthocladiinae is a subfamily of midges in the non-biting midge family (biology), family (Chironomidae). For lack of a better common name, they are simply referred to as orthoclads.
Genera
*''Aagaardia'' Ole A. Sæther, Sæther, 1985
*''Abisk ...
(Diptera: Chironomidae). Makunagi/ Acta Dipterologica 21, 1-121.
References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q4774900
Chironomidae