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Anti-Europeanism and Europhobia are political terms used in a variety of contexts, implying sentiment or policies in opposition to Europe.
In the context of racial or ethno-nationalist politics, this may refer to the culture or peoples of Europe. In the shorthand of "Europe" (a British usage, standing for the European Union or
Patrick Chamorel No 25, EUI-RSCAS Working Papers from European University Institute (EUI), Robert Schuman Centre of Advanced Studies (RSCAS) 2004 has long led to criticism of European domestic policy (such as the size of the welfare state in European countries) and
Anti-Europeanism and Europhobia are political terms used in a variety of contexts, implying sentiment or policies in opposition to Europe.
In the context of racial or ethno-nationalist politics, this may refer to the culture or peoples of Europe. In the shorthand of "Europe" (a British usage, standing for the European Union or European integration
European integration is the process of industrial, economic integration, economic, political, legal, social integration, social, and cultural Regional integration, integration of states wholly or partially in Europe or nearby. European integrat ...
), it may refer to Euroscepticism,
criticism of policies of European governments or the European Union.
In the context of United States foreign policy, it may refer to the geopolitical divide between " transatlantic", " transpacific" and " hemispheric" (pan-American) relations.
British usage
"Europhobia" is used of British attitudes towardsthe Continent
Continental Europe or mainland Europe is the contiguous continent of Europe, excluding its surrounding islands. It can also be referred to ambiguously as the European continent, – which can conversely mean the whole of Europe – and, by ...
, either in the context of anti-German sentiment or of anti-Catholicism
Anti-Catholicism is hostility towards Catholics or opposition to the Catholic Church, its clergy, and/or its adherents. At various points after the Reformation, some majority Protestant states, including England, Prussia, Scotland, and the Uni ...
,
or, more recently, of Euroscepticism in the United Kingdom.
US usage
American exceptionalism in the United StatesAnti-Europeanism and Euroscepticism in the United StatesPatrick Chamorel No 25, EUI-RSCAS Working Papers from European University Institute (EUI), Robert Schuman Centre of Advanced Studies (RSCAS) 2004 has long led to criticism of European domestic policy (such as the size of the welfare state in European countries) and
foreign policy
A State (polity), state's foreign policy or external policy (as opposed to internal or domestic policy) is its objectives and activities in relation to its interactions with other states, unions, and other political entities, whether bilaterall ...
(such as European countries that did not support the US led 2003 invasion of Iraq
The 2003 invasion of Iraq was a United States-led invasion of the Republic of Iraq and the first stage of the Iraq War. The invasion phase began on 19 March 2003 (air) and 20 March 2003 (ground) and lasted just over one month, including 26 ...
).Lexington (2007), Ash (2003) Pipes (2006) The ideological split between reverence for European refinery and classics and an emerging anti-French
Anti-French sentiment (Francophobia or Gallophobia) is fear or antagonism of France, the French people, French culture, the French government or the Francophonie (set of political entities that use French as an official language or whose French-s ...
and anti-European sentiment played already a role between John Adams, Alexander Hamilton
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first United States secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795.
Born out of wedlock in Charlest ...
and their fellow Federalists
The term ''federalist'' describes several political beliefs around the world. It may also refer to the concept of parties, whose members or supporters called themselves ''Federalists''.
History Europe federation
In Europe, proponents of de ...
, and Thomas Jefferson and other Democratic-Republicans
The Democratic-Republican Party, known at the time as the Republican Party and also referred to as the Jeffersonian Republican Party among other names, was an American political party founded by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in the early ...
urging closer ties.
See also
* *Anti-European sentiment (disambiguation) Topics involving the concept of anti-European sentiment:
* Anti-Europeanism
* Euroscepticism
* Anti-Western sentiment
* Euroscepticism in the United Kingdom
* American exceptionalism
* Anti-Dutch sentiment
* Anti-Estonian sentiment
* Anti-French ...
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References
Further reading
* * * * * * * * * * * * **Earlier version: {{refend Anti-European sentimentEuropean
European, or Europeans, or Europeneans, may refer to:
In general
* ''European'', an adjective referring to something of, from, or related to Europe
** Ethnic groups in Europe
** Demographics of Europe
** European cuisine, the cuisines of Europe ...
Politics of Europe