Anthurium Obtusum
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''Anthurium'' (; Schott, 1829) is a genus of about 1,000Mantovani, A. and T. E. Pereira. (2005)
''Anthurium'' (section ''Urospadix''; subsection ''Flavescentiviridia'').
''Rodriguesia'' 56(88), 145–60.
species of flowering plants, the largest genus of the arum family, Araceae. General common names include anthurium, tailflower, flamingo flower,''Anthurium'' spp.
Poisonous Plants of North Carolina. North Carolina State University.
and laceleaf. The genus is native to the Americas, where it is distributed from northern Mexico to northern Argentina and parts of the
Caribbean The Caribbean (, ) ( es, El Caribe; french: la Caraïbe; ht, Karayib; nl, De Caraïben) is a region of the Americas that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (some surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some bordering both the Caribbean Se ...
.


Description and biology

''Anthurium'' is a genus of herbs often growing as
epiphyte An epiphyte is an organism that grows on the surface of a plant and derives its moisture and nutrients from the air, rain, water (in marine environments) or from debris accumulating around it. The plants on which epiphytes grow are called phoroph ...
s on other plants. Some are terrestrial. The leaves are often clustered and are variable in shape. The inflorescence bears small flowers which are
perfect Perfect commonly refers to: * Perfection, completeness, excellence * Perfect (grammar), a grammatical category in some languages Perfect may also refer to: Film * Perfect (1985 film), ''Perfect'' (1985 film), a romantic drama * Perfect (2018 f ...
, containing male and female structures. The flowers are contained in close together spirals on the spadix. The spadix is often elongated into a spike shape, but it can be globe-shaped or club-shaped. Beneath the spadix is the spathe, a type of
bract In botany, a bract is a modified or specialized leaf, especially one associated with a reproductive structure such as a flower, inflorescence axis or cone scale. Bracts are usually different from foliage leaves. They may be smaller, larger, or of ...
. This is variable in shape, as well, but it is lance-shaped in many species. It may extend out flat or in a curve. Sometimes it covers the spadix like a hood. The fruits develop from the flowers on the spadix. They are juicy berries varying in color, usually containing two seeds. The spadix and spathe are a main focus of ''Anthurium'' breeders, who develop cultivars in bright colors and unique shapes. ''Anthurium scherzerianum'' and ''A. andraeanum'', two of the most common taxa in cultivation, are the only species that grow bright red spathes. They have also been bred to produce spathes in many other colors and patterns. ''Anthurium'' plants are poisonous due to
calcium oxalate Calcium oxalate (in archaic terminology, oxalate of lime) is a calcium salt of oxalic acid with the chemical formula . It forms hydrates , where ''n'' varies from 1 to 3. Anhydrous and all hydrated forms are colorless or white. The monohydrate ...
crystals. The sap is irritating to the skin and eyes.


Cultivation

Like other aroids, many species of ''Anthurium'' plant can be grown as houseplants, or outdoors in mild climates in shady spots, including '' Anthurium crystallinum'' and ''
Anthurium clarinervium ''Anthurium clarinervium'', known as the velvet cardboard anthurium, is a species of flowering plant is in the family Araceae, native to Chiapas, Mexico. The ''Anthurium'' genus is known to contain approximately 1,000 species, resulting in one of ...
'' with its large, velvety, dark green leaves and silvery white venation. Many hybrids are derived from ''
Anthurium andraeanum ''Anthurium andraeanum'' is a flowering plant species in the family Araceae that is native to Colombia and Ecuador. A winner of the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit, it is one of the plants listed in the NASA Clean Air Study, ...
'' or ''
Anthurium scherzerianum ''Anthurium scherzerianum'', the flamingo flower or pigtail plant, is a species of ''Anthurium'' (family Araceae) native to Costa Rica. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit as an ornamental houseplant, kept at or ...
'' because of their colorful spathes. They thrive in moist soils with high organic matter. In milder climates the plants can be grown in pots of soil. Indoors plants thrive at temperatures of and at lower light than other house plants. Wiping the leaves off with water will remove any dust and insects. Plants in pots with good root systems will benefit from a weak fertilizer solution every other week. In the case of vining or climbing Anthuriums, the plants benefit from being provided with a totem to climb.


Propagation

''Anthurium'' can be propagated by seed or vegetatively by cuttings. In the commercial ''Anthurium'' trade, most propagation is via tissue culture.Chen, J., et al
Cultural guidelines for commercial production of interiorscape ''Anthurium''.
ENH956. Environmental Horticulture. Florida Cooperative Extension Service. University of Florida IFAS. Published 2003, revised 2009.


Species

For a full list, see the List of ''Anthurium'' species. In 1860 there were 183 species known to science, and Heinrich Wilhelm Schott defined them in 28 sections in the book ''Prodromus Systematis Aroidearum''. In 1905 the genus was revised with a description of 18 sections. In 1983 the genus was divided into the following sections:Sections of ''Anthurium''.
aroid.org
* '' Belolonchium'' * '' Calomystrium'' * '' Cardiolonchium'' * '' Chamaerepium'' * '' Cordatopunctatum'' * '' Dactylophyllium'' * '' Decurrentia'' * '' Digitinervium'' * ''
Gymnopodium Gymnopodium is a genus of plants in the family Polygonaceae with three species of shrubs in Central America Central America ( es, América Central or ) is a subregion of the Americas. Its boundaries are defined as bordering the United S ...
'' * '' Leptanthurium'' * '' Pachyneurium'' * '' Polyphyllium'' * '' Polyneurium'' * '' Porphyrochitonium'' * '' Schizoplacium'' * '' Semaeophyllium'' * '' Tetraspermium'' * '' Urospadix'' * '' Xialophyllium''


Gallery

File:Flamingo Flower Orchid.JPG, Flamingo Flower File:Anthuriumpolyschistumjuvenile-araceum1.jpg, ''
Anthurium polyschistum ''Anthurium'' (; Schott, 1829) is a genus of about 1,000Mantovani, A. and T. E. Pereira. (2005)''Anthurium'' (section ''Urospadix''; subsection ''Flavescentiviridia'').''Rodriguesia'' 56(88), 145–60. species of flowering plants, the largest g ...
'' Image:Anthurium digitatum0.jpg, ''
Anthurium digitatum ''Anthurium'' (; Schott, 1829) is a genus of about 1,000Mantovani, A. and T. E. Pereira. (2005)''Anthurium'' (section ''Urospadix''; subsection ''Flavescentiviridia'').''Rodriguesia'' 56(88), 145–60. species of flowering plants, the largest g ...
'' inflorescence File:Anthurium scandens berries.jpg, '' Anthurium scandens'' fruits and leaves File:Anthurium gracile.jpg, ''
Anthurium gracile ''Anthurium gracile'', the red pearls anthurium, is a species of flowering plant in the family Araceae, native to the American tropics. An epiphyte, when kept as a houseplant it needs excellent drainage. References gracile Gracility is s ...
'' Image:Anthurium.andraeanum1web.jpg, ''
Anthurium andraeanum ''Anthurium andraeanum'' is a flowering plant species in the family Araceae that is native to Colombia and Ecuador. A winner of the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit, it is one of the plants listed in the NASA Clean Air Study, ...
'' Anthurium obtusum (habitus).jpg, '' Anthurium obtusum'' File:火鶴霹靂馬20190724201841.jpg, ''Anthurium andraeanum'' cv. Previa


See also

* '' Spathiphyllum'', similar looking plant genus of same family


References


External links

* {{Authority control Araceae genera