Admiral Admiral is one of the highest ranks in some navies. In the Commonwealth nations and the United States, a "full" admiral is equivalent to a "full" general in the army or the air force, and is above vice admiral and below admiral of the fleet, ...

Anthony Maitland, 10th Earl of Lauderdale (10 June 1785 – 22 March 1863) was a British naval officer who served during the

French Revolutionary War The French Revolutionary Wars (french: Guerres de la Révolution française) were a series of sweeping military conflicts lasting from 1792 until 1802 and resulting from the French Revolution. They pitted French First Republic, France against Ki ...

Napoleonic Wars The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of major global conflicts pitting the French Empire and its allies, led by Napoleon I, against a fluctuating array of European states formed into various coalitions. It produced a period of Fren ...

and

War of 1812 The War of 1812 (18 June 1812 – 17 February 1815) was fought by the United States of America and its indigenous allies against the United Kingdom and its allies in British North America, with limited participation by Spain in Florida. It bega ...

. He also participated in the Bombardment of Algiers. He served as

Member of Parliament A member of parliament (MP) is the representative in parliament of the people who live in their electoral district. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, this term refers only to members of the lower house since upper house members of ...

for Haddington Burghs between 1813 and 1818 and

Berwickshire Berwickshire ( gd, Siorrachd Bhearaig) is a historic county, registration county and lieutenancy area in south-eastern Scotland, on the English border. Berwickshire County Council existed from 1890 until 1975, when the area became part of th ...

between 1826 and 1832. From 1830 until he was promoted to

rear-admiral Rear admiral is a senior naval flag officer rank, equivalent to a major general and air vice marshal and above that of a commodore and captain, but below that of a vice admiral. It is regarded as a two star "admiral" rank. It is often regarded ...

in 1841 he was a naval aide-de-camp to at first King

William IV William IV (William Henry; 21 August 1765 – 20 June 1837) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and King of Hanover from 26 June 1830 until his death in 1837. The third son of George III, William succeeded h ...

and then Queen

Victoria Victoria most commonly refers to: * Victoria (Australia), a state of the Commonwealth of Australia * Victoria, British Columbia, provincial capital of British Columbia, Canada * Victoria (mythology), Roman goddess of Victory * Victoria, Seychelle ...

Early life

Anthony Maitland was born on 10 June 1785 as the second son of

James Maitland, 8th Earl of Lauderdale James Maitland, 8th Earl of Lauderdale (26 January 1759 – 10 September 1839) was Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland and a representative peer for Scotland in the House of Lords. Early years Born at Haltoun House near Ratho, the eldest s ...

and Eleanor, the only daughter of Anthony Todd.O'Byrne, ''Naval Biographical Dictionary'', p. 712

Naval career

Early career

Maitland joined the

Royal Navy The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against F ...

on 2 October 1795 as an admiral's servant on the

ship-of-the-line A ship of the line was a type of naval warship constructed during the Age of Sail from the 17th century to the mid-19th century. The ship of the line was designed for the naval tactic known as the line of battle, which depended on the two colum ...

HMS ''Victory'', being the

flagship A flagship is a vessel used by the commanding officer of a group of naval ships, characteristically a flag officer entitled by custom to fly a distinguishing flag. Used more loosely, it is the lead ship in a fleet of vessels, typically the fi ...

of Admiral Sir John Jervis in the

Mediterranean Fleet The British Mediterranean Fleet, also known as the Mediterranean Station, was a formation of the Royal Navy. The Fleet was one of the most prestigious commands in the navy for the majority of its history, defending the vital sea link between t ...

. Maitland's name was born on ''Victorys books until June 1796. He was promoted to

midshipman A midshipman is an officer of the lowest rank, in the Royal Navy, United States Navy, and many Commonwealth navies. Commonwealth countries which use the rank include Canada (Naval Cadet), Australia, Bangladesh, Namibia, New Zealand, South Afr ...

in October 1798 where he followed Admiral Jervis, now Lord St. Vincent, into the ship-of-the-line HMS ''Ville de Paris''. In January 1801 Maitland transferred to the

frigate A frigate () is a type of warship. In different eras, the roles and capabilities of ships classified as frigates have varied somewhat. The name frigate in the 17th to early 18th centuries was given to any full-rigged ship built for speed and ...

HMS ''Triton'' under Captain John Gore in the

English Channel The English Channel, "The Sleeve"; nrf, la Maunche, "The Sleeve" (Cotentinais) or ( Jèrriais), (Guernésiais), "The Channel"; br, Mor Breizh, "Sea of Brittany"; cy, Môr Udd, "Lord's Sea"; kw, Mor Bretannek, "British Sea"; nl, Het Kana ...

, whom he then followed into the frigate HMS ''Medusa'' in April. While serving in ''Medusa'' Maitland distinguished himself in an action against the

Boulogne Flotilla The Flottille de Boulogne was a large fleet of small gunboats, brigs and barges built in Boulogne on the orders of First Consul Napoléon Bonaparte from 1801. It was a key component of Napoleon's planned invasion of the United Kingdom. Prelude ...

on 15 August. The boats of ''Medusa'' and the rest of the squadron under the command of Vice-Admiral

Lord Nelson Vice-admiral (Royal Navy), Vice-Admiral Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson, 1st Duke of Bronte (29 September 1758 – 21 October 1805) was a British people, British flag officer in the Royal Navy. His inspirational leadership, grasp of strate ...

attempted under the cover of darkness to cut out the flotilla, however the French were prepared for the attack and repulsed it. The boats of ''Medusa'' attempted to board a

brig A brig is a type of sailing vessel defined by its rig: two masts which are both square rig, square-rigged. Brigs originated in the second half of the 18th century and were a common type of smaller merchant vessel or warship from then until the ...

but were stopped by nets rigged around the ship; they suffered fifty-five casualties, the most of any ship in the squadron, including Maitland who was severely injured. In December 1803 Maitland left ''Medusa'' to re-join Lord St. Vincent as a supernumerary on ''Victory'', still part of the Mediterranean Fleet. In August 1804, still serving on ''Victory'', Maitland was promoted to

acting Acting is an activity in which a story is told by means of its enactment by an actor or actress who adopts a character—in theatre, television, film, radio, or any other medium that makes use of the mimetic mode. Acting involves a broad r ...

lieutenant A lieutenant ( , ; abbreviated Lt., Lt, LT, Lieut and similar) is a commissioned officer rank in the armed forces of many nations. The meaning of lieutenant differs in different militaries (see comparative military ranks), but it is often sub ...

in the

brig-sloop In the 18th century and most of the 19th, a sloop-of-war in the Royal Navy was a warship with a single gun deck that carried up to eighteen guns. The rating system covered all vessels with 20 guns and above; thus, the term ''sloop-of-war'' enc ...

HMS ''Childers''; he was confirmed as a lieutenant on 2 February 1805 and transferred to the ship-of-the-line HMS ''Blenheim'', flagship of Rear-Admiral Sir Thomas Troubridge in the

East Indies The East Indies (or simply the Indies), is a term used in historical narratives of the Age of Discovery. The Indies refers to various lands in the East or the Eastern hemisphere, particularly the islands and mainlands found in and around t ...

. On 6 August ''Blenheim'' participated in an indecisive action against the French ship-of-the-line ''Marengo'' and frigate ''Belle Poule''.Winfield, ''British Warships 1714-1792'', p. 144 Maitland was promoted to

commander Commander (commonly abbreviated as Cmdr.) is a common naval officer rank. Commander is also used as a rank or title in other formal organizations, including several police forces. In several countries this naval rank is termed frigate captain. ...

on 6 May 1806 and took command of the ship-of-the-line HMS ''Arrogant'', 'an old worn out 74', serving as the

guard ship A guard ship is a warship assigned as a stationary guard in a port or harbour, as opposed to a coastal patrol boat, which serves its protective role at sea. Royal Navy In the Royal Navy of the eighteenth century, peacetime guard ships were usual ...

Bombay Mumbai (, ; also known as Bombay — the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the ''de facto'' financial centre of India. According to the United Nations, as of 2018, Mumbai is the second- ...

Post-Captain

Maitland was promoted to

post-captain Post-captain is an obsolete alternative form of the rank of Captain (Royal Navy), captain in the Royal Navy. The term served to distinguish those who were captains by rank from: * Officers in command of a naval vessel, who were (and still are) ...

on 25 September of the same year, but his next command was not until 1 August 1811 when he was appointed to the frigate HMS ''Pique'' at

Woolwich Woolwich () is a district in southeast London, England, within the Royal Borough of Greenwich. The district's location on the River Thames led to its status as an important naval, military and industrial area; a role that was maintained throu ...

. His command of ''Pique'' resulted in some wide-ranging travel, including service on the Downs,

Lisbon Lisbon (; pt, Lisboa ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 544,851 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2. Grande Lisboa, Lisbon's urban area extends beyond the city's administr ...

South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the southe ...

, and

Jamaica Jamaica (; ) is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea. Spanning in area, it is the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles and the Caribbean (after Cuba and Hispaniola). Jamaica lies about south of Cuba, and west of His ...

Stations. Maitland and ''Pique'' sailed for the

Leeward Islands french: Îles-Sous-le-Vent , image_name = , image_caption = ''Political'' Leeward Islands. Clockwise: Antigua and Barbuda, Guadeloupe, Saint kitts and Nevis. , image_alt = , locator_map = , location = Caribbean SeaNorth Atlantic Ocean , coor ...

on 7 June 1812 to participate in the

. In August 1813 Maitland had ''Pique'' off the east coast of

America The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...

; he successfully chased and captured the 5-gun American

privateer A privateer is a private person or ship that engages in maritime warfare under a commission of war. Since robbery under arms was a common aspect of seaborne trade, until the early 19th century all merchant ships carried arms. A sovereign or deleg ...

''Hawk'' which surrendered without a fight. On 13 and 19 January 1814 ''Pique'' took respectively the Swedish ships ''Bernat'' and ''Margaret'' and sent them in to

Guadeloupe Guadeloupe (; ; gcf, label=Antillean Creole, Gwadloup, ) is an archipelago and overseas department and region of France in the Caribbean. It consists of six inhabited islands—Basse-Terre, Grande-Terre, Marie-Galante, La Désirade, and the ...

.Phillips
''Pique'' (40) (1800)
Michael Phillips' Ships of the Old Navy. Retrieved 16 May 2021. Maitland and ''Pique'' sailed for

Portsmouth Portsmouth ( ) is a port and city in the ceremonial county of Hampshire in southern England. The city of Portsmouth has been a unitary authority since 1 April 1997 and is administered by Portsmouth City Council. Portsmouth is the most dens ...

at the end of 1814, but returned to the West Indies in the spring of 1815. On 19 February 1816 Maitland was given command of the large frigate HMS ''Glasgow'', in which he joined the fleet of Rear-Admiral

Sir Edward Pellew Admiral Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth, GCB (19 April 1757 – 23 January 1833) was a British naval officer. He fought during the American War of Independence, the French Revolutionary Wars, and the Napoleonic Wars. His younger brother Is ...

on 20 July off Portsmouth, for service against

Algiers Algiers ( ; ar, الجزائر, al-Jazāʾir; ber, Dzayer, script=Latn; french: Alger, ) is the capital and largest city of Algeria. The city's population at the 2008 Census was 2,988,145Census 14 April 2008: Office National des Statistiques ...

.Phillips
''Glasgow'' (50) (1814)
Michael Phillips' Ships of the Old Navy. Retrieved 16 May 2021. On 27 August the fleet began the Bombardment of Algiers, with ''Glasgow'' between the frigate HMS ''Severn'' and the Dutch frigate ''Melampus'' firing at the gun batteries of the town. When the ship-of-the-line HMS ''Impregnable'' signalled to the fleet that she had suffered one hundred and fifty casualties, Maitland volunteered to divert enemy fire from her. While ''Glasgow'' left her position in the line and attempted to close with ''Impregnable'', the winds made movement very difficult and after an hour ''Glasgow'' had failed to move far from ''Severn'', and was left open to fire from the Algiers fish markets that she had before been hidden from. ''Glasgow'' was heavily damaged during the engagement, having ten men killed and thirty-seven more wounded. Maitland was made a Companion of the

Order of the Bath The Most Honourable Order of the Bath is a British order of chivalry founded by George I of Great Britain, George I on 18 May 1725. The name derives from the elaborate medieval ceremony for appointing a knight, which involved Bathing#Medieval ...

on 19 September for his service at the bombardment. He

paid off Ship commissioning is the act or ceremony of placing a ship in active service and may be regarded as a particular application of the general concepts and practices of project commissioning. The term is most commonly applied to placing a warship in ...

''Glasgow'' in November of the same year in order that she be repaired from her Algiers services, and recommissioned her again on 21 August 1817 for service in the

Mediterranean Sea The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Western and Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on the ea ...

, where he served until March 1821 when he sailed ''Glasgow'' home and went on

half-pay Half-pay (h.p.) was a term used in the British Army and Royal Navy of the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries to refer to the pay or allowance an officer received when in retirement or not in actual service. Past usage United Kingdom In the Eng ...

.Winfield, ''British Warships 1793-1817'', p. 325 On 26 February 1820 he was made a Knight Commander of the

Order of St Michael and St George The Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George is a British order of chivalry founded on 28 April 1818 by George IV, George IV, Prince of Wales, while he was acting as prince regent for his father, George III, King George III. ...

. In August 1830 he was appointed as a naval aide-de-camp to King

and continued as such under Queen

until his promotion to flag rank.

Admiral

Maitland was promoted to

as a

rear-admiral of the blue The Rear-Admiral of the Blue was a senior rank of the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom, immediately outranked by the rank Rear-Admiral of the White. Royal Navy officers currently holding the ranks of commodore, rear admiral, vice admiral and adm ...

on 23 November 1841 through seniority. He became a vice-admiral on 11 June 1851, and was promoted to

admiral Admiral is one of the highest ranks in some navies. In the Commonwealth nations and the United States, a "full" admiral is equivalent to a "full" general in the army or the air force, and is above vice admiral and below admiral of the fleet, ...

on 18 June 1857. He was made a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath on 10 November 1862. He died as an

admiral of the red The Admiral of the Red was a senior rank of the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom, immediately outranked by the rank Admiral of the Fleet (see order of precedence below). The rank did not exist prior to 1805, as the admiral commanding the Red ...

, having never served at sea as an admiral.

Political career

Maitland was a member of parliament for Haddington Burghs between 1813 and 1818, and

between 1826 and 1832; he afterwards became a deputy lieutenant of Berwickshire. These seats were

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

seats, and when in parliament Maitland voted along the family line with the

opposition Opposition may refer to: Arts and media * ''Opposition'' (Altars EP), 2011 EP by Christian metalcore band Altars * The Opposition (band), a London post-punk band * ''The Opposition with Jordan Klepper'', a late-night television series on Comed ...

. For his services Maitland was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath on 6 April 1832. He became

Earl of Lauderdale Earl of Lauderdale is a title in the Peerage of Scotland. The current holder of the title is Ian Maitland, 18th Earl of Lauderdale. The title was created in 1624 for John Maitland, 2nd Lord Maitland of Thirlestane, Berwickshire. The second Ear ...

on 22 August 1860 upon the death of his elder brother

James James is a common English language surname and given name: *James (name), the typically masculine first name James * James (surname), various people with the last name James James or James City may also refer to: People * King James (disambiguat ...

; he was able to sit in the

House of Lords The House of Lords, also known as the House of Peers, is the Bicameralism, upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Membership is by Life peer, appointment, Hereditary peer, heredity or Lords Spiritual, official function. Like the ...

as an English peer instead of as a Scottish

representative peer In the United Kingdom, representative peers were those peers elected by the members of the Peerage of Scotland and the Peerage of Ireland to sit in the British House of Lords. Until 1999, all members of the Peerage of England held the right to ...

because of the subsidiary title Baron Lauderdale that had been granted to his father in 1806.Burke, ''Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary'', p. 657Syrett, ''Commissioned Sea Officers'', p. 295 Upon his death, Maitland's Scottish titles were inherited by his cousin Thomas Maitland while his English titles became extinct.

Death

Maitland died on 22 March 1863.

Family

Maitland's uncle was Lieutenant-General

Sir Thomas Maitland Lieutenant General The Right Honourable Sir Thomas Maitland (10 March 1760 – 17 January 1824) was a British soldier and British colonial governor. He also served as a Member of Parliament for Haddington from 1790 to 1796, 1802–06 and 1812 ...

, who served as Lieutenant-Governor of Portsmouth and then

Governor of Malta A governor is an administrative leader and head of a polity or political region, ranking under the head of state and in some cases, such as governors-general, as the head of state's official representative. Depending on the type of political r ...

.Marshall, ''Royal Naval Biography'', p. 188 Maitland's younger brother Colonel John Maitland died in 1839, while much of the rest of his family also served in the navy, such as his cousin and successor as earl, Admiral Sir Thomas Maitland. Maitland never married.

Notes and citations

Notes

Citations

References

* Burke, John (1864) ''A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire.'' London: Henry Colburn. * * * Syrett, David and R.L. DiNardo (1994) ''The Commissioned Sea Officers of the Royal Navy 1660-1815.'' Aldershot: Scholar Press. * *

External links

Ships of the Old Navy
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lauderdale, Anthony Maitland, 10th Earl of 1785 births 1863 deaths Royal Navy admirals Royal Navy personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars Royal Navy personnel of the Napoleonic Wars Royal Navy personnel of the War of 1812 Royal Navy personnel of the Bombardment of Algiers (1816) Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Scottish constituencies UK MPs 1812–1818 UK MPs 1831–1832 UK MPs 1826–1830 UK MPs 1830–1831

Anthony Anthony or Antony is a masculine given name, derived from the ''Antonia (gens), Antonii'', a ''gens'' (Roman naming conventions, Roman family name) to which Mark Antony (''Marcus Antonius'') belonged. According to Plutarch, the Antonii gens were ...

Deputy Lieutenants of Berwickshire