Anomaloninae on:
[Wikipedia]
[Google]
[Amazon]
Anomaloninae is a
Species of Anomaloninae are slender, range in size from small to large, and are usually black or brownish in color. Yellow markings on the face and legs are common. One of the most distinguishing characteristics of this subfamily is the highly reticulated
File:Ichneumonidae - Therion cf. circumflexum.jpg, '' Therion circumflexum''
File:Ichneumon Wasp - Therion morio, Carderock Park, Maryland.jpg, ''Therion morio'', Maryland
Bugguide
Non English text but useful images {{Taxonbar, from=Q4034074 Ichneumonidae Apocrita subfamilies
subfamily
In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end subfamily botanical names with "-oideae", and zoologi ...
of parasitoid
In evolutionary ecology, a parasitoid is an organism that lives in close association with its host (biology), host at the host's expense, eventually resulting in the death of the host. Parasitoidism is one of six major evolutionarily stable str ...
wasps
A wasp is any insect of the narrow-waisted suborder Apocrita of the order Hymenoptera which is neither a bee nor an ant; this excludes the broad-waisted sawflies (Symphyta), which look somewhat like wasps, but are in a separate suborder. T ...
in the family
Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...
Ichneumonidae
The Ichneumonidae, also known as the ichneumon wasps, Darwin wasps, or ichneumonids, are a family (biology), family of parasitoid wasps of the insect order Hymenoptera. They are one of the most diverse groups within the Hymenoptera with roughly 2 ...
. Several species provide beneficial services to humans by attacking forest or orchard pests.
Description and distribution
Species of Anomaloninae are slender, range in size from small to large, and are usually black or brownish in color. Yellow markings on the face and legs are common. One of the most distinguishing characteristics of this subfamily is the highly reticulated propodeum
The propodeum or propodium is the first abdominal segment in Apocrita Hymenoptera (wasps, bees and ants). It is fused with the thorax to form the mesosoma. It is a single large sclerite, not subdivided, and bears a pair of spiracles. It is strongl ...
.
Species are found worldwide.
Biology and behavior
Anomalonines are koinobiont endoparasitoids ofLepidoptera
Lepidoptera ( ) is an order (biology), order of insects that includes butterfly, butterflies and moths (both are called lepidopterans). About 180,000 species of the Lepidoptera are described, in 126 Family (biology), families and 46 Taxonomic r ...
or Coleoptera
Beetles are insects that form the order Coleoptera (), in the superorder Endopterygota. Their front pair of wings are hardened into wing-cases, elytra, distinguishing them from most other insects. The Coleoptera, with about 400,000 describ ...
. Eggs are laid by females into the larval host, but the host is allowed to continue development to the pupal stage. Adult wasps emerge from the host pupa.
They are found in nearly all forested habitats, and unlike most other groups of ichneumonids, are also fairly common in dry habitats.
Anomalonines fly slowly in a characteristic pose, with the metasoma elevated, antennae outstretched, and legs held out behind them.
Genera
* '' Agrypon'' Forster, 1860 c g b * ''Anomalon :Anomalon ''is also the type genus of the ichneumon-wasp subfamily Anomaloninae.'' See '' Anomalon (genus)''.
In physics, an anomalon is a hypothetical type of nuclear matter that shows an anomalously large reactive cross section. They were firs ...
'' Panzer, 1803 c g b
* '' Aphanistes'' Forster, 1869 c g b
* '' Atrometoides'' Fahringer, 1922 c g
* '' Atrometus'' Förster, 1869 c g
* '' Aubertiana'' Viktorov, 1970 c g
* '' Barylypa'' Forster, 1869 c g b
* '' Bimentum'' Townes, 1971 c g
* '' Brachynervus'' Uchida, 1955 c g
* ''Calcaneum
In humans and many other primates, the calcaneus (; from the Latin ''calcaneus'' or ''calcaneum'', meaning heel) or heel bone is a bone of the tarsus of the foot which constitutes the heel. In some other animals, it is the point of the hock.
St ...
'' Townes, 1971 c g
* '' Castrosion'' Gauld & Bradshaw, 1997 c g
* '' Cechenodes'' Townes, 1971 c g
* '' Clatha''Cameron, 1905 c
* '' Clypeocampulum'' Gauld, 1976 c g
* '' Corsoncus'' Townes, 1971 c g
* '' Elaticarina'' Sheng, 2012
* '' Encardia'' Tosquinet, 1896 c g
* '' Erigorgus'' Förster, 1869 c g b
* '' Gravenhorstia'' Boie, 1836 c g
* '' Habrocampulum'' Gauld, 1976 c g
* '' Habronyx'' Foerster, 1868 c g
* '' Helenanomalon'' Broad, 2014
* '' Heteropelma'' Wesmael, 1849 c g
* '' Indagrypon'' Nikam, 1982 c g
* '' Kokujewiella'' Shestakov, 1926 c g
* '' Liopterna'' Townes, 1971 c g
* '' Metoa'' Townes, 1971 c g
* '' Neohabronyx'' Dasch, 1984 c g
* '' Ophionellus'' Westwood, 1874 c g b
* '' Ophiopterus'' Brulle, 1846 c g b
* '' Parania'' Morley, 1913 c g
* '' Perisphincter'' Townes, 1961 c g
* '' Phaenolabrorychus'' Viereck, 1913 c g
* '' Podogaster'' Brullé, 1846 c g
* '' Porizonopteron'' Meier, 1931 c g
* '' Pseudagrypon'' Lee & Kim, 1984 c g
* '' Pseudanomalon'' Szépligeti, 1905 c g
* '' Ribasia'' Ceballos, 1920 c g
* '' Sphaeromanus'' Aubert, 1979 c g
* ''Spolas
The linothorax (pronounced ; from the grc, λινοθώραξ ) is a type of upper body armor that was used throughout the ancient Mediterranean world. The term ''linothorax'' is a modern term based on the Greek , which means "wearing a breastpl ...
'' Townes, 1961 c g
* '' Stangepelma'' Porter, 1977 c g
* '' Therion'' Curtis, 1829 c g b
* '' Trichomma'' Wesmael, 1849 c g b
* '' Vernamalon'' Gauld, 1976 c g
Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net
References
External links
Bugguide
Non English text but useful images {{Taxonbar, from=Q4034074 Ichneumonidae Apocrita subfamilies