''Anoectochilus'', commonly known as marbled jewel orchids or filigree orchids, is a genus of about fifty species in the orchid family Orchidaceae. They are terrestrial

herbs In general use, herbs are a widely distributed and widespread group of plants, excluding vegetables and other plants consumed for macronutrients, with savory or aromatic properties that are used for flavoring and garnishing food, for medicinal ...

with a creeping

rhizome In botany and dendrology, a rhizome (; , ) is a modified subterranean plant stem that sends out roots and shoots from its nodes. Rhizomes are also called creeping rootstalks or just rootstalks. Rhizomes develop from axillary buds and grow hori ...

, an upright flowering stem and dark coloured leaves with contrasting veins. The flowers are relatively large and have a large labellum, markedly different from the sepals and

petal Petals are modified Leaf, leaves that surround the reproductive parts of flowers. They are often advertising coloration, brightly colored or unusually shaped to attract pollinators. All of the petals of a flower are collectively known as the ''c ...

Description

Orchids in the genus ''Anoectochilus'' are terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, sympodial herbs with a creeping, above-ground rhizome with wiry roots that look woolly. The leaves are arranged in a rosette and are relatively broad and thin. They are dark green or brownish purple and have a contrasting network of silvery or reddish veins. The flowers are relatively large, hairy, velvety,

resupinate Resupination is derived from the Latin word ''resupinus'', meaning "bent back with the face upward" or "on the back". "Resupination" is the noun form of the adjective "resupine" which means "being upside-down, supine or facing upward". The word " ...

and arranged in a short spike. The dorsal sepal and

s overlap to form a hood over the

column A column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below. In other words, a column is a compression member. ...

with the lateral sepals spreading apart from each other. The labellum is relatively large with two sections - an upper "epichile" and lower "hypochile" separated by a narrow section. The hypochile has a cylinder-shaped spur containing two large glands and is joined to the epichile with a "claw" that has spreading teeth or a long fringe. The fruit is a hairy capsule containing a large number of winged seeds.

Taxonomy and naming

The genus ''Anoectochilus'' was first formally described in 1825 by Carl Ludwig Blume and ''Anoectochilus setaceus'' was the first species he described, hence it is the type species. The genus name is derived from the Ancient Greek words ''anoiktos'' (ἀνοικτός) meaning "opened" and ''cheilos'' (χεῖλος) meaning "lip".Backer, C.A. (1936). ''Verklarend woordenboek der wetenschappelijke namen van de in Nederland en Nederlandsch-Indië in het wild groeiende en in tuinen en parken gekweekte varens en hoogere planten'' (Edition Nicoline van der Sijs).

Distribution

Orchids in this genus range from the Himalayas to south

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

, Southeast Asia,

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

, New Guinea, Melanesia and Hawaii, found in moist areas with deep shade.

List of species

The following is a list of species recognised by the '' World Checklist of Selected Plant Families'' as at May 2018: * ''

Anoectochilus albolineatus ''Anoectochilus'', commonly known as marbled jewel orchids or filigree orchids, is a genus of about fifty species in the orchid family Orchidaceae. They are terrestrial herbs with a creeping rhizome, an upright flowering stem and dark coloured ...

'' (1874) : white lines anoectochilus (Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam) * '' Anoectochilus albomarginatus'' (1855) * ''

Anoectochilus annamenis ''Anoectochilus'', commonly known as marbled jewel orchids or filigree orchids, is a genus of about fifty species in the orchid family Orchidaceae. They are terrestrial herbs with a creeping rhizome, an upright flowering stem and dark colou ...

'' (2007) (Vietnam)"New plant and animal species found in Vietnam"
CNN. September 27, 2007. * ''

Anoectochilus baotingensis ''Anoectochilus'', commonly known as marbled jewel orchids or filigree orchids, is a genus of about fifty species in the orchid family Orchidaceae. They are terrestrial herbs with a creeping rhizome, an upright flowering stem and dark coloured ...

'' (2003) (China, Hainan) * '' Anoectochilus brevilabris'' (1840) : short-lipped Anoectochilus * '' Anoectochilus brevistylus'' (1907) * ''

Anoectochilus burmannicus ''Anoectochilus'', commonly known as marbled jewel orchids or filigree orchids, is a genus of about fifty species in the orchid family Orchidaceae. They are terrestrial herbs with a creeping rhizome, an upright flowering stem and dark colou ...

'' (1922) * ''

Anoectochilus calcareus ''Anoectochilus'', commonly known as marbled jewel orchids or filigree orchids, is a genus of about fifty species in the orchid family Orchidaceae. They are terrestrial herbs with a creeping rhizome, an upright flowering stem and dark coloured ...

'' (1996 publ. 1997). * ''

Anoectochilus dewildeorum ''Anoectochilus'', commonly known as marbled jewel orchids or filigree orchids, is a genus of about fifty species in the orchid Family (biology), family Orchidaceae. They are Terrestrial plant, terrestrial Herbaceous plant, herbs with a creepin ...

'' (Sumatra) * ''

Anoectochilus dulongensis ''Anoectochilus'', commonly known as marbled jewel orchids or filigree orchids, is a genus of about fifty species in the orchid family Orchidaceae. They are terrestrial herbs with a creeping rhizome, an upright flowering stem and dark colou ...

'' (Sumatra) * ''

Anoectochilus elatus ''Anoectochilus'', commonly known as marbled jewel orchids or filigree orchids, is a genus of about fifty species in the orchid family Orchidaceae. They are terrestrial herbs with a creeping rhizome, an upright flowering stem and dark coloured ...

'' (1857). * '' Anoectochilus emeiensis'' (1982) * '' Anoectochilus falconis'' (2005) (Malaysia) * '' Anoectochilus flavescens'' (1825). * ''

Anoectochilus formosanus ''Anoectochilus'', commonly known as marbled jewel orchids or filigree orchids, is a genus of about fifty species in the orchid family Orchidaceae. They are terrestrial herbs with a creeping rhizome, an upright flowering stem and dark coloured ...

'' (1914). () * '' Anoectochilus geniculatus'' (1896) (Thailand, Malaysia, Sumatra) * '' Anoectochilus hainanensis'' (2008). * '' Anoectochilus imitans'' (1906). * '' Anoectochilus insignis'' (1911). * '' Anoectochilus integrilabris'' (1935). * ''

Anoectochilus kinabaluensis ''Anoectochilus'', commonly known as marbled jewel orchids or filigree orchids, is a genus of about fifty species in the orchid family Orchidaceae. They are terrestrial herbs with a creeping rhizome, an upright flowering stem and dark coloured ...

'' (1994). * '' Anoectochilus klabatensis'' (2002). * '' Anoectochilus koshunensis'' (1914). * ''

Anoectochilus longicalcaratus ''Anoectochilus'', commonly known as marbled jewel orchids or filigree orchids, is a genus of about fifty species in the orchid family Orchidaceae. They are terrestrial herbs with a creeping rhizome, an upright flowering stem and dark colou ...

'' (1922). * ''

Anoectochilus longilobus ''Anoectochilus'', commonly known as marbled jewel orchids or filigree orchids, is a genus of about fifty species in the orchid family Orchidaceae. They are terrestrial herbs with a creeping rhizome, an upright flowering stem and dark colou ...

'' (2014). * ''

Anoectochilus lylei ''Anoectochilus'', commonly known as marbled jewel orchids or filigree orchids, is a genus of about fifty species in the orchid family Orchidaceae. They are terrestrial herbs with a creeping rhizome, an upright flowering stem and dark coloured ...

'' (1925). * '' Anoectochilus malipoensis'' (2010). * '' Anoectochilus monicae'' (2004). * ''

Anoectochilus nandanensis ''Anoectochilus'', commonly known as marbled jewel orchids or filigree orchids, is a genus of about fifty species in the orchid family Orchidaceae. They are terrestrial herbs with a creeping rhizome, an upright flowering stem and dark coloured ...

'' (2015). * ''

Anoectochilus narasimhanii ''Anoectochilus'', commonly known as marbled jewel orchids or filigree orchids, is a genus of about fifty species in the orchid family Orchidaceae. They are terrestrial herbs with a creeping rhizome, an upright flowering stem and dark coloured ...

'' (2003). * ''

Anoectochilus nicobaricus ''Anoectochilus'', commonly known as marbled jewel orchids or filigree orchids, is a genus of about fifty species in the orchid family Orchidaceae. They are terrestrial herbs with a creeping rhizome, an upright flowering stem and dark coloured ...

'' (1978 publ. 1979). * '' Anoectochilus papillosus'' (2007). * '' Anoectochilus papuanus'' (1984 publ. 1985). * ''

Anoectochilus pectinatus ''Anoectochilus'', commonly known as marbled jewel orchids or filigree orchids, is a genus of about fifty species in the orchid family Orchidaceae. They are terrestrial herbs with a creeping rhizome, an upright flowering stem and dark colou ...

'' (1907). * ''

Anoectochilus pingbianensis ''Anoectochilus'', commonly known as marbled jewel orchids or filigree orchids, is a genus of about fifty species in the orchid family Orchidaceae. They are terrestrial herbs with a creeping rhizome, an upright flowering stem and dark coloured ...

'' (1996). * '' Anoectochilus regalis'' (1858). * '' Anoectochilus reinwardtii'' (1858). * '' Anoectochilus rhombilabius'' (2002). * '' Anoectochilus roxburghii'' (1839). * ''

Anoectochilus sandvicensis ''Anoectochilus sandvicensis'', also called Hawaii jewel-orchid, is a species of plant in the family Orchidaceae. It is endemic to Hawaii. It is threatened by habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reductio ...

'' (1840) * '' Anoectochilus setaceus'' (1825) : bristly anoectochilus ( type species) * '' Anoectochilus subregularis'' (1996). * ''

Anoectochilus sumatranus ''Anoectochilus'', commonly known as marbled jewel orchids or filigree orchids, is a genus of about fifty species in the orchid family Orchidaceae. They are terrestrial herbs with a creeping rhizome, an upright flowering stem and dark coloured ...

'' (2001). * '' Anoectochilus xingrenensis'' (2002). * ''

Anoectochilus yatesiae ''Anoectochilus yatesiae'', commonly known as the marbled jewel orchid, is a species of orchid that is endemic to northern Queensland. It has up to six dark green leaves with a network of silvery veins and up to four hairy brownish and white fl ...

'' (1907) (Queensland) * '' Anoectochilus zhejiangensis'' (1989).

References

External links

* *
Anoectochilus

{{Taxonbar, from=Q20846 Cranichideae genera Orchids of India Orchids of China Flora of Hawaii Orchids of Thailand Orchids of New Guinea Orchids of Malaysia Orchids of Indonesia Orchids of Queensland Flora of the Southwestern Pacific Flora of the Indian subcontinent Orchids of Sri Lanka