Annenkrone (''St Anne's Crown'', russian: Анненские укрепления, ''Annenskiye ukrepleniya'', fi, Pyhän Annan kruunu) is an early 18th century fortification in

Vyborg Vyborg (; rus, Вы́борг, links=1, r=Výborg, p=ˈvɨbərk; fi, Viipuri ; sv, Viborg ; german: Wiborg ) is a town in, and the administrative center of, Vyborgsky District in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It lies on the Karelian Isthmus n ...

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...

. It is located outside the town in the island of Tverdysh.

History

The construction was started by Peter the Great in 1720, after Russia had successfully finished the Siege of Vyborg and captured the town from Sweden in the

Great Northern War The Great Northern War (1700–1721) was a conflict in which a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in Northern, Central and Eastern Europe. The initial leaders of the anti-Swed ...

. The fortification was completed by

Anna of Russia Anna Ioannovna (russian: Анна Иоанновна; ), also russified as Anna Ivanovna and sometimes anglicized as Anne, served as regent of the duchy of Courland from 1711 until 1730 and then ruled as Empress of Russia from 1730 to 1740. Much ...

in 1741. The project was under the direction of the German-born soldier-engineer Burkhard Christoph von Münnich. Annenkrone is composed of four bastions and three ravelins facing west and one moat on the north side. The fortification was never used in war. After the

Finnish War The Finnish War ( sv, Finska kriget, russian: Финляндская война, fi, Suomen sota) was fought between the Kingdom of Sweden and the Russian Empire from 21 February 1808 to 17 September 1809 as part of the Napoleonic Wars. As a re ...

of 1808–1809 Annenkrone lost its significance as

Finland Finland ( fi, Suomi ; sv, Finland ), officially the Republic of Finland (; ), is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It shares land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of B ...

became a part of the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...

and the border against Sweden was transferred hundreds of kilometres west. The last barracks and other buildings were completed in the mid-19th century. Today the fortification is a part of the Petrovsky District. During the Finnish era 1917–1944 it was a part of the Siikaniemi district.Siikaniemi district
VirtualViipuri 1939. Retrieved 27 October 2014. After the 1918

Finnish Civil War The Finnish Civil War; . Other designations: Brethren War, Citizen War, Class War, Freedom War, Red Rebellion and Revolution, . According to 1,005 interviews done by the newspaper ''Aamulehti'', the most popular names were as follows: Civil W ...

Battle of Vyborg, a mass execution was conducted in Annenkrone as the

Whites White is a racialized classification of people and a skin color specifier, generally used for people of European origin, although the definition can vary depending on context, nationality, and point of view. Description of populations as ...

shot up to 400 Russian civilians in the so-called Vyborg massacre.

Gallery

File:576. Выборг. Дом генерала Мендта. Петровская ул. 2.JPG, The Mendt House (1847) at the Petrovskaya Square File:Выборг. Кордегардия. Петровская ул. 11.JPG, Guardhouse (1776) File:Фридрихсгамские (внутренние) ворота.JPG, Fredrikshamn Gate File:Stela Annenskie ukrepleniya.JPG, Memorial of the Siege of Vyborg File:Выборг (32).JPG, Petrovskaya Square and the statue of admiral

Fyodor Apraksin Count Fyodor Matveyevich Apraksin (also ''Apraxin''; russian: Фёдор Матве́евич Апра́ксин; 27 October 1661 10 November 1728, Moscow) was one of the first Russian admirals, governed Estonia and Karelia from 1712 to 1723, was ...

References

External links

{{coord, 60.718559, N, 28.724248, E, scale:80000_region:RU, display=title Buildings and structures in Vyborg Forts in Russia History of the Karelian Isthmus 1720 establishments in Russia Cultural heritage monuments of federal significance in Leningrad Oblast