![Annenkrone Vyborg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Annenkrone_Vyborg.JPG)
Annenkrone (''St Anne's Crown'', russian: Анненские укрепления, ''Annenskiye ukrepleniya'', fi, Pyhän Annan kruunu) is an early 18th century fortification in
Vyborg
Vyborg (; rus, Вы́борг, links=1, r=Výborg, p=ˈvɨbərk; fi, Viipuri ; sv, Viborg ; german: Wiborg ) is a town in, and the administrative center of, Vyborgsky District in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It lies on the Karelian Isthmus n ...
,
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...
. It is located outside the town in the island of
Tverdysh.
History
The construction was started by
Peter the Great in 1720, after Russia had successfully finished the
Siege of Vyborg and captured the town from
Sweden in the
Great Northern War
The Great Northern War (1700–1721) was a conflict in which a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in Northern, Central and Eastern Europe. The initial leaders of the anti-Swed ...
. The fortification was completed by
Anna of Russia
Anna Ioannovna (russian: Анна Иоанновна; ), also russified as Anna Ivanovna and sometimes anglicized as Anne, served as regent of the duchy of Courland from 1711 until 1730 and then ruled as Empress of Russia from 1730 to 1740. Much ...
in 1741. The project was under the direction of the German-born soldier-engineer
Burkhard Christoph von Münnich.
Annenkrone is composed of four
bastions and three
ravelins facing west and one
moat on the north side. The fortification was never used in war. After the
Finnish War
The Finnish War ( sv, Finska kriget, russian: Финляндская война, fi, Suomen sota) was fought between the Kingdom of Sweden and the Russian Empire from 21 February 1808 to 17 September 1809 as part of the Napoleonic Wars. As a re ...
of 1808–1809 Annenkrone lost its significance as
Finland
Finland ( fi, Suomi ; sv, Finland ), officially the Republic of Finland (; ), is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It shares land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of B ...
became a part of the
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...
and the border against Sweden was transferred hundreds of kilometres west. The last barracks and other buildings were completed in the mid-19th century.
Today the fortification is a part of the Petrovsky District. During the Finnish era 1917–1944 it was a part of the Siikaniemi district.
Siikaniemi district
VirtualViipuri 1939. Retrieved 27 October 2014.
After the 1918 Finnish Civil War
The Finnish Civil War; . Other designations: Brethren War, Citizen War, Class War, Freedom War, Red Rebellion and Revolution, . According to 1,005 interviews done by the newspaper ''Aamulehti'', the most popular names were as follows: Civil W ...
Battle of Vyborg, a mass execution was conducted in Annenkrone as the Whites
White is a racialized classification of people and a skin color specifier, generally used for people of European origin, although the definition can vary depending on context, nationality, and point of view.
Description of populations as ...
shot up to 400 Russian civilians in the so-called Vyborg massacre.
Gallery
File:576. Выборг. Дом генерала Мендта. Петровская ул. 2.JPG, The Mendt House (1847) at the Petrovskaya Square
File:Выборг. Кордегардия. Петровская ул. 11.JPG, Guardhouse (1776)
File:Фридрихсгамские (внутренние) ворота.JPG, Fredrikshamn Gate
File:Stela Annenskie ukrepleniya.JPG, Memorial of the Siege of Vyborg
File:Выборг (32).JPG, Petrovskaya Square and the statue of admiral Fyodor Apraksin
Count Fyodor Matveyevich Apraksin (also ''Apraxin''; russian: Фёдор Матве́евич Апра́ксин; 27 October 1661 10 November 1728, Moscow) was one of the first Russian admirals, governed Estonia and Karelia from 1712 to 1723, was ...
References
External links
{{coord, 60.718559, N, 28.724248, E, scale:80000_region:RU, display=title
Buildings and structures in Vyborg
Forts in Russia
History of the Karelian Isthmus
1720 establishments in Russia
Cultural heritage monuments of federal significance in Leningrad Oblast