Anne of the Palatinate known in France as Anne of Bavaria, Princess Palatine (Anne Henriette Julie; 13 March 1648 – 23 February 1723) was a Princess of the Palatinate and Countess Palatine of Simmern by birth and was the wife of
Henri Jules de Bourbon eldest son of ''
Louis, Grand Condé
Louis de Bourbon, Prince of Condé (8 September 1621 – 11 December 1686), known as the Great Condé (French: ''Le Grand Condé'') for his military exploits, was a French general and the most illustrious representative of the Condé branc ...
''. Following her father-in-law's death, her husband succeeded as
Prince of Condé, a purely honorary title, but one of the highest ranking in France. She was also the ''
Princesse of Arches and Charleville'' in her own right from 1708.
Biography
Anne was born in
Paris
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. Si ...
the second of the three daughters of
Prince Palatine Edward. Her mother was
Anna Gonzaga
Anna Gonzaga (Anna Marie; 1616 – 6 July 1684) was an Italian French noblewoman and salonist. The youngest daughter of Charles Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua and Montferrat, Charles Gonzaga, Duchy of Mantua, Duke of Mantua Duke of Montferrat, and Montfe ...
, a well known Parisian political hostess and sister of the
Queen of Poland
Poland was ruled at various times either by dukes and princes (10th to 14th centuries) or by kings (11th to 18th centuries). During the latter period, a tradition of free election of monarchs made it a uniquely electable position in Europe (16th ...
.
At the age of fifteen, she was engaged to
Henri Jules, Duke of Enghien, the only surviving child of the famous military commander the ''
Grand Condé
Grand may refer to:
People with the name
* Grand (surname)
* Grand L. Bush (born 1955), American actor
* Grand Mixer DXT, American turntablist
* Grand Puba (born 1966), American rapper
Places
* Grand, Oklahoma
* Grand, Vosges, village and commun ...
''. The Grand Condé was the most senior ''
Prince du Sang'' at the French court ("First Prince of the Blood"). Henri Jules was his heir and prior to his succession to the purely honorary title of
Prince of Condé, was styled the
Duke of Enghien and was addressed ''
Monsieur le Duc''. The marriage ceremony took place at the
Palais du Louvre
The Louvre Palace (french: link=no, Palais du Louvre, ), often referred to simply as the Louvre, is an iconic French palace located on the Right Bank of the Seine in Paris, occupying a vast expanse of land between the Tuileries Gardens and the ...
on 11 December 1663 with
Louis XIV of France
, house = Bourbon
, father = Louis XIII
, mother = Anne of Austria
, birth_date =
, birth_place = Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France
, death_date =
, death_place = Palace of ...
and the rest of the royal family in attendance. At this time, Anne became ''Madame la Duchesse'', as Duchess of Enghien. At the death of her father-in-law in 1684, Anne took on the style of ''Madame la Princesse''. She was also known as ''Anne, princesse Palatine''.
Anne and Henri Jules had ten children. Henri Jules, who suffered from
clinical lycanthropy
Clinical lycanthropy is a rare psychiatric syndrome that involves a delusion that the affected person can transform into, has transformed into, or is, an animal. Its name is associated with the mythical condition of lycanthropy, a supernatural ...
, was greatly supported by his wife. Anne was described as very pious, generous, and charitable, and was praised by many at court for her very supportive nature towards her husband. Despite that, her husband, who was prone to great rages, would often beat his quiet wife, even in the presence of other courtiers.
Love Affairs of the Condé family
/ref> Of her many children, only five survived childhood, four of whom went on to marry.
Her mother was instrumental in helping bring about a marriage between her niece by marriage, Elisabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate
Princess Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate (german: Prinzessin Elisabeth Charlotte von der Pfalz), (french: Princesse Élisabeth-Charlotte du Palatinat); known as Liselotte von der Pfalz, 27 May 1652 – 8 December 1722) was a German m ...
and the brother of Louis XIV, Philippe, Duke of Orléans in 1671. Elisabeth Charlotte was Anne's first cousin, their fathers being brothers. In 1708, when her cousin Charles IV, Duke of Mantua died, being his heiress, Anne Henriette became the Princess of Arches in her own right. Charles IV was the last Duke of Mantua. The next year, Anne's husband died in Paris on 1 April 1709, aged 65, making her son, Louis, the next Prince of Condé.
Louis died the next year and his son Louis Henri, Duke of Bourbon became the next holder of the title. Anne also owned the Château du Raincy
The Château du Raincy was constructed between 1643 and 1650 by Jacques Bordier, ''intendant des finances'', on the site of a Benedictine priory on the road from Paris to Meaux, in the present-day commune of Le Raincy in the Seine-Saint-Denis depa ...
which was sold to the House of Orléans
The 4th House of Orléans (french: Maison d'Orléans), sometimes called the House of Bourbon-Orléans (french: link=no, Maison de Bourbon-Orléans) to distinguish it, is the fourth holder of a surname previously used by several branches of the Ro ...
in 1769. She died in Paris at the age of 74, having outlived her husband and all but two of her children, namely the Princess of Conti and the Duchess of Maine. On her death, the principality of Arches became extinct; the title was claimed by her son, the Prince of Condé and her nephew, the son of her sister, Louise Marie of Bavaria. She was buried at the Carmel du Faubourg Saint-Jacques in Paris.
Legacy
Anne was the princess for whom the Rue Palatine was named - the road in the 6th arrondissement of Paris
The 6th arrondissement of Paris (''VIe arrondissement'') is one of the 20 arrondissements of the capital city of France. In spoken French, it is referred to as ''le sixième''.
The arrondissement, called Luxembourg in a reference to the seat o ...
where she had lived in the Petit Luxembourg
The Petit Luxembourg (; "Little Luxembourg") is a French ''hôtel particulier'' and the residence of the president of the French Senate. It is located at 17–17 bis, rue de Vaugirard, just west of the Luxembourg Palace, which serves as the seat ...
, next to the Luxembourg Palace
The Luxembourg Palace (french: Palais du Luxembourg, ) is at 15 Rue de Vaugirard in the 6th arrondissement of Paris. It was originally built (1615–1645) to the designs of the French architect Salomon de Brosse to be the royal residence of th ...
in Paris.
Issue
Anne had ten children, only half of whom lived to adulthood.
Ancestry
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Anne Henriette Of Bavaria
Arches, Princess of
1648 births
1723 deaths
201
Year 201 ( CCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Fabianus and Arrius (or, less frequently, year 954 ''Ab urbe condit ...
Nobility from Paris
17th-century French people
18th-century French people
Princesses of Condé
Princesses of the Blood
Duchesses of Enghien
Princesses of the Palatinate
House of Bourbon-Condé
House of Palatinate-Simmern
Countesses Palatine of the Holy Roman Empire
Burials at the Carmel du faubourg Saint-Jacques
18th-century peers of France
Peers created by Louis XIV
17th-century German women
17th-century French women
18th-century German women
18th-century French women