Anna Vock (13 January 1885 to 4 December 1962) was a

journalist A journalist is an individual that collects/gathers information in form of text, audio, or pictures, processes them into a news-worthy form, and disseminates it to the public. The act or process mainly done by the journalist is called journalis ...

, organizer, and

LGBT ' is an initialism that stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender. In use since the 1990s, the initialism, as well as some of its common variants, functions as an umbrella term for sexuality and gender identity. The LGBT term ...

activist during the interwar period in Switzerland. Although lesbianism was not criminalized like male homosexuality in Switzerland during her activist period, Vock faced public recrimination for her work in publishing, was monitored by police, and arrested.

Amaticia

Anna (

nicknamed A nickname is a substitute for the proper name of a familiar person, place or thing. Commonly used to express affection, a form of endearment, and sometimes amusement, it can also be used to express defamation of character. As a concept, it is ...

"Mammina") Vock was born on 13 January 1885 in Anglikon, Aargau. Little is known about her early life or educational background. In 1931, with Laura Thoma, Vock formed the group Amiticia, taking the position of secretary. The aim of the organization was to relieve the isolation of lesbians and through strong associations promote acceptance and visibility. The original ad in lesbian magazine '' Garconne'' proclaimed: "Sisters of

Lesbos Lesbos or Lesvos ( el, Λέσβος, Lésvos ) is a Greek island located in the northeastern Aegean Sea. It has an area of with approximately of coastline, making it the third largest island in Greece. It is separated from Asia Minor by the nar ...

, you too have a full right to love and its freedom." In October of the same year, Volk joined the gay organization Excentric Zurich Club (EZC) and made it an integrated organization, in which Volk herself became president in 1933.

Freuntshafts-Banner / Der Kreis

In 1932, Thoma and EZC member August Bambula founded the magazine Freundschafts-Banner, which changed its name several times, eventually becoming

Der Kreis (, ''The Circle'') was a Swiss gay magazine that was published from 1932 to 1967 and distributed internationally. History was first published on January 1, 1932, under the original title (''Friendship Banner'') as a joint project of Laura Th ...

(the circle, 1942-1967), the primary homosexual publication in Europe. Vock was involved at the beginning, focusing on the women's section and personal ads, but became more and more involved, eventually becoming the editor and publisher of the magazine from 1933-1942. During her time as editor, Volk was targeted by multiple sources for her work on the paper. The tabloid magazines ''Sheinwerfer'' and ''Guggu'' published her real name and addresses after she had started working under the pen name "Mammina", resulting in the loss of several jobs. She was charged with "acting as a pander" for her work in the personal ads, but later acquitted on appeal, and arrested on suspicion of communist activity, but released. Karl Meir, who succeeded Volk as editor of Das Kreis in 1943, published his obituary in the magazine. "Farewell, Mammina. Your name will remain forever united to our cause in Switzerland. You prepared the ground on which we must build. Hopefully we will succeed."

Amaticia

Freuntshafts-Banner / Der Kreis

References

External links