The European Union's Animal By-Products Regulations (Regulation No 1069/2009) allows for the treatment of some

animal by-products An animal product is any material derived from the body of an animal. Examples are fat, flesh, blood, milk, eggs, and lesser known products, such as isinglass and rennet. Animal by-products, as defined by the USDA, are products harvested or ma ...

in composting and

biogas plants Anaerobic digestion is a sequence of processes by which microorganisms break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen. The process is used for industrial or domestic purposes to Waste management, manage waste or to produce fuels. Mu ...

(

anaerobic digesters Anaerobic digestion is a sequence of processes by which microorganisms break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen. The process is used for industrial or domestic purposes to manage waste or to produce fuels. Much of the ferm ...

). The following article describes procedures required to allow solid outputs (

compost Compost is a mixture of ingredients used as plant fertilizer and to improve soil's physical, chemical and biological properties. It is commonly prepared by decomposing plant, food waste, recycling organic materials and manure. The resulting m ...

digestate Digestate is the material remaining after the anaerobic digestion (decomposition under low oxygen conditions) of a biodegradable feedstock. Anaerobic digestion produces two main products: digestate and biogas. Digestate is produced both by acidog ...

) from composting plants and anaerobic digesters onto land in the

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and North ...

Categories of Animal By-Products

*Category 1: Very high

risk In simple terms, risk is the possibility of something bad happening. Risk involves uncertainty about the effects/implications of an activity with respect to something that humans value (such as health, well-being, wealth, property or the environme ...

*Category 2: High risk *Category 3: Low risk

Category 1

*BSE (

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad cow disease, is an incurable and invariably fatal neurodegenerative disease of cattle. Symptoms include abnormal behavior, trouble walking, and weight loss. Later in the course of t ...

) carcasses and suspects *Specified Risk Material *Catering waste from international transport Must all be destroyed, not for use in composting or biogas plants

Category 2

*Condemned meat *

Manure Manure is organic matter that is used as organic fertilizer in agriculture. Most manure consists of animal feces; other sources include compost and green manure. Manures contribute to the fertility of soil by adding organic matter and nutri ...

and gut contents Can be used in composting and biogas plants after rendering (133C, 3 bar pressure) Manure and gut contents only can be used after pretreatment

Category 3

*Catering waste from households, restaurants *Former food *Much slaughter house waste e.g. waste

blood Blood is a body fluid in the circulatory system of humans and other vertebrates that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells, and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells. Blood in the c ...

feather Feathers are epidermal growths that form a distinctive outer covering, or plumage, on both avian (bird) and some non-avian dinosaurs and other archosaurs. They are the most complex integumentary structures found in vertebrates and a premier ...

s Can be used in composting and biogas plants without pretreatment

Treatment Standards

Composting

Closed reactor * Maximum particle size 40cm, minimum temperature 60C, minimum time at that temperature 2 days * Maximum Particle size 6cm, minimum temperature 70C, minimum time at that temperature 1 hour Housed windrow *Particle size 40cm, minimum temperature 60C, minimum time at that temperature 8 days

Biogas plants

*Maximum particle size 5cm, minimum temperature 57C, minimum time at that temperature 5 hours *Maximum particle size 6cm, minimum temperature 70C, minimum time at that temperature 1 hour Application and inspection form for approval to treat animal by-products and/or catering waste composting or biogas plants
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References

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:300:0001:0033:EN:PDF http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1408379493755&uri=CELEX:32011R0749