Animal Blessing
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Blessing of animals can be either of the animal or of the human-animal relationship, and can apply to pets and other companion animals, or to agricultural animals and
working Working may refer to: * Work (human activity), intentional activity people perform to support themselves, others, or the community Arts and media * Working (musical), ''Working'' (musical), a 1978 musical * Working (TV series), ''Working'' (TV s ...
and other animals which humans depend on or interact with. Blessing of animals, or of the slaughtering process, before slaughter, is a key element of some
religion Religion is usually defined as a social- cultural system of designated behaviors and practices, morals, beliefs, worldviews, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that generally relates humanity to supernatural, ...
s. Ceremonial blessing of companion animals occurs throughout the world, for example, Australia, Canada, Scotland, * * * * Spain, and the United States.
Blessing In religion, a blessing (also used to refer to bestowing of such) is the impartation of something with grace, holiness, spiritual redemption, or divine will. Etymology and Germanic paganism The modern English language term ''bless'' likely ...
of animals is a religious activity, and occurs broadly across most religions in some form, including, for example, across
Christianity Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth. It is the world's largest and most widespread religion with roughly 2.38 billion followers representing one-third of the global pop ...
,
Islam Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic Monotheism#Islam, monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God in Islam, God (or ...
,
Judaism Judaism ( he, ''Yahăḏūṯ'') is an Abrahamic, monotheistic, and ethnic religion comprising the collective religious, cultural, and legal tradition and civilization of the Jewish people. It has its roots as an organized religion in the ...
,
Shinto Shinto () is a religion from Japan. Classified as an East Asian religion by scholars of religion, its practitioners often regard it as Japan's indigenous religion and as a nature religion. Scholars sometimes call its practitioners ''Shintois ...
,
Unitarian Universalism Unitarian Universalism (UU) is a liberal religion characterized by a "free and responsible search for truth and meaning". Unitarian Universalists assert no creed, but instead are unified by their shared search for spiritual growth, guided by a ...
, amongst others. Secular respect for animals is also strong, for example,
World Animal Day World Animal Day is an international day of action for animal rights and welfare celebrated annually on October 4, the feast day of Francis of Assisi, the patron saint of animals. The World Animal Day movement is supported and endorsed by a nu ...
, an international day of action for animal rights and welfare celebrated annually, but is still held on 4 October, the feast day of
Francis of Assisi Giovanni di Pietro di Bernardone, better known as Saint Francis of Assisi ( it, Francesco d'Assisi; – 3 October 1226), was a mystic Italian Catholic friar, founder of the Franciscans, and one of the most venerated figures in Christianit ...
, a Christian
patron saint A patron saint, patroness saint, patron hallow or heavenly protector is a saint who in Catholicism, Anglicanism, or Eastern Orthodoxy is regarded as the heavenly advocate of a nation, place, craft, activity, class, clan, family, or perso ...
of animals.


Christianity

Annually now, on or around October 4, Christians worldwide celebrate the Feast of Saint Francis with a blessing of animals and prayers for creation. *United States figures from ''American Catholic'', "St. Francis of Assisi: Pet Blessings 2008". *United States culturisation from Laura Hobgood-Oster, ''Holy Dogs & Asses: Animals in the Christian Tradition'' (Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2008), 106-116.
Catholicism The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
has specific liturgies for the blessing of animals, highlighting creation and interdependence.
United Methodist The United Methodist Church (UMC) is a worldwide mainline Protestant denomination based in the United States, and a major part of Methodism. In the 19th century, its main predecessor, the Methodist Episcopal Church, was a leader in evangelic ...
s also have a specific liturgy highlighting creation and mutual interdependence. Separate variants of Christianity will sometimes combine to hold joint, ecumenical, animal blessing ceremonies, for example Catholic and
Episcopal Church (United States) The Episcopal Church, based in the United States with additional dioceses elsewhere, is a member church of the worldwide Anglican Communion. It is a mainline Protestant denomination and is divided into nine provinces. The presiding bishop o ...
churches.


Judaism

Many synagogues now have ceremonies for the blessing of animals, and some say the idea may have originated in ancient Judaism. The Jewish ceremony is often performed on the seventh day of Passover (in the spring) as a celebration of the Hebrews’ (and their animals’) emancipation from slavery in Egypt more than 3,000 years ago. Many Jewish congregations schedule blessings of the animals after the High Holy Days, with ceremonies around the second weekly Torah portion of the Jewish Year, the Parashat Noach, the portion about Noah and the ark, the saving of both humans and other animals, they also being gifts from God. Other Jewish ceremonies are derived from the Christian ceremony and are not derived from traditional Judaism, which gives some concern for more traditional followers of Judaism.


Ritual slaughter

For meat to be
kosher (also or , ) is a set of dietary laws dealing with the foods that Jewish people are permitted to eat and how those foods must be prepared according to Jewish law. Food that may be consumed is deemed kosher ( in English, yi, כּשר), fro ...
, a ritual blessing to God is required for the animals about to be slaughtered, shechita.


Coming of age

A
Bark Mitzvah A Bark Mitzvah is an observance and celebration of a dog's coming of age,Shari Cohen and Marcelo Gindlin. ''Alfie's Bark Mitzvah.'' Chandler: Five Star Publications, 2007. Book with audio CD. , . . like the Jewish traditional Bar Mitzvah and Ba ...
is an observance and celebration of a dog's
coming of age Coming of age is a young person's transition from being a child to being an adult. The specific age at which this transition takes place varies between societies, as does the nature of the change. It can be a simple legal convention or can b ...
,Shari Cohen and Marcelo Gindlin. ''Alfie's Bark Mitzvah.''
Chandler Chandler or The Chandler may refer to: * Chandler (occupation), originally head of the medieval household office responsible for candles, now a person who makes or sells candles * Ship chandler, a dealer in supplies or equipment for ships Arts ...
: Five Star Publications, 2007. Book with audio CD. , . .
analogous to the
Jewish Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...
traditional Bar Mitzvah and Bat Mitzvah terminology. The term has been in use since at least 1958. The bark mitzvah ceremony is not universally well regarded in Judaism.


Islam


Ritual slaughter

Islamic dhabiha requires that God's name be pronounced before each slaughter.


Culturalisation

Some towns and cities have the blessing of animals as a cultural event, for example: * San Juan del Río, on January 17,
feast day The calendar of saints is the traditional Christian method of organizing a liturgical year by associating each day with one or more saints and referring to the day as the feast day or feast of said saint. The word "feast" in this context d ...
of San Antonio. * Unterammergau, the site of the 11th-century Chapel of St Leonhard, patron saint of horses, which is the terminus of the annual Leonhardritt and Blessing of the Animals. * Blessing of the Animals at Olvera Street, an event from 1930, is held every Sabado de Gloria ( Holy Saturday). It is an all-day event with vendors, performers, and a procession where participants bring their animals to be blessed by religious authorities and others. *
Madrid Madrid ( , ) is the capital and most populous city of Spain. The city has almost 3.4 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.7 million. It is the second-largest city in the European Union (EU), and ...
, where the festival has been celebrated largely uninterrupted since the 19th century. It is also held in other parts of Spain, such as the
Balearic Islands The Balearic Islands ( es, Islas Baleares ; or ca, Illes Balears ) are an archipelago in the Balearic Sea, near the eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula. The archipelago is an autonomous community and a province of Spain; its capital is ...
in the Mediterranean and the northern city of
Burgos Burgos () is a city in Spain located in the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is the capital and most populated municipality of the province of Burgos. Burgos is situated in the north of the Iberian Peninsula, on the confluence of t ...
. * During the latter part of the 20th century, the blessing of animals and pets in the
United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
has become mainstream cultural activity, with services occurring in 48 states and districts in 2008.


Culturally significant animals

Rare animal instances can have great significance in belief systems and may be ritually blessed as part of that tradition, for example the white buffalo, Kenahkihinén, in North America.


In popular culture


In art

*
Master of Saint Veronica The Master of Saint Veronica (active c. 1400 – 1420), was a German painter working in the International Gothic style. He was active in Cologne and is known for his religious works.Henry Barraud's 'The Pope blessing the Animals' (painted in 1842)


In film

* ''
La comadrita ''La comadrita'' ("The Child's Godmother") is a 1978 Mexican film directed by Fernando Cortés and starring María Elena Velasco, Fernando Soler, and Sara García. The film is about an indigenous woman who baptizes nearly all the animals on the ...
'', a 1975 Mexican film about an indigenous woman who
baptise Baptism (from grc-x-koine, βάπτισμα, váptisma) is a form of ritual purification—a characteristic of many religions throughout time and geography. In Christianity, it is a Christian sacrament of initiation and adoption, almost inv ...
s animals


Places blessing animals

There are now a very large number of places blessing animals, in particular pets and companion animals, regularly on an annual basis. A very small sample of these include: * St. Matthias, Bellwoods, a pioneer in Toronto, for liturgically based blessings in autumn * All Saints Episcopal Church * Beaver Lake,
Mount Royal Mount Royal (french: link=no, Mont Royal, ) is a large intrusive rock hill or small mountain in the city of Montreal, immediately west of Downtown Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The best-known hypothesis for the origin of the name Montreal is the hi ...
, for over 50 years, initially by Canon
Horace Baugh Horace Baugh (1916–2007) born in Arundel, Quebec, was an Anglican Canon priest who was famous for annual blessings of animals atop Mount Royal in Montreal. Baugh studied theology at McGill University’s Diocesan College and was ordained a pri ...
*
St Cyprian's Church, Lenzie St Cyprian's Church is an episcopal church in Beech road, Lenzie, East Dunbartonshire, Scotland. It was built in 1873 by Alexander Ross of Inverness Inverness (; from the gd, Inbhir Nis , meaning "Mouth of the River Ness"; sco, Innernes ...
* Elisabethenkirche, Basel offers a church service, Schöpfungsfeier, for the blessing of the human-animal relationship * St. Francis Episcopal Church in Stamford, Connecticut: * St Bartholomews Anglican Church at Mount Gravatt: The annual pet blessing ceremony is held to coincide with the Feast of St Francis of Assisi, considered the patron saint of animals. The ceremony commenced in 2010 and features bible readings, songs and individual prayer for each pet. * Church of San Anton in central Madrid, Day of Saint Anthony, patron saint of animals * Anglican Cathedral Church of the Redeemer, Calgary: Every fall Since 1998 *
Hawaii Kotohira Jinsha – Hawaii Dazaifu Tenmangu Hawaii Kotohira Jinsha – Hawaii Dazaifu Tenmangu ( ja, ハワイ金刀比羅神社・ハワイ大宰府天満宮) is a Shinto shrine established in Honolulu, Hawaii in 1924. An annual blessing of animals Blessing of animals can be either of t ...
Shinto Shinto () is a religion from Japan. Classified as an East Asian religion by scholars of religion, its practitioners often regard it as Japan's indigenous religion and as a nature religion. Scholars sometimes call its practitioners ''Shintois ...
temple, Hawaii * A
Rabbi A rabbi () is a spiritual leader or religious teacher in Judaism. One becomes a rabbi by being ordained by another rabbi – known as ''semikha'' – following a course of study of Jewish history and texts such as the Talmud. The basic form of ...
's
backyard A backyard, or back yard (known in the United Kingdom as a back garden or just garden), is a yard at the back of a house, common in suburban developments in the Western world. In Australia, until the mid-20th century, the back yard of a pro ...
in Cleveland, Ohio * The San Gabriel Mission: The San Gabriel Mission parish performs blessings as a part of its annual San Gabriel Mission Fiesta, celebrating the 1771 founding of the 4th of California's 22 Catholic missions.


Historical animal blessing and prayer


Pre-Christian

The Lorscher Bienensegen, believed to date back to the 9th century, is a Christian
bee-keeping Beekeeping (or apiculture) is the maintenance of bee colonies, commonly in man-made beehives. Honey bees in the genus '' Apis'' are the most-commonly-kept species but other honey-producing bees such as ''Melipona'' stingless bees are also kept. ...
prayer written in
Old High German Old High German (OHG; german: Althochdeutsch (Ahd.)) is the earliest stage of the German language, conventionally covering the period from around 750 to 1050. There is no standardised or supra-regional form of German at this period, and Old High ...
to bring honey bees back to their hives in good health, and may arise from earlier
Anglo-Saxon The Anglo-Saxons were a Cultural identity, cultural group who inhabited England in the Early Middle Ages. They traced their origins to settlers who came to Britain from mainland Europe in the 5th century. However, the ethnogenesis of the Anglo- ...
and apparently pagan "
For a Swarm of Bees "For a Swarm of Bees" is an Anglo-Saxon metrical charm that was intended for use in keeping honey bees from swarming. The text was discovered by John Mitchell Kemble in the 19th century. The charm is named for its opening words, "'", meaning "agai ...
" in pre-Christian Germanic areas.


Christianity

Saint
Francis of Assisi Giovanni di Pietro di Bernardone, better known as Saint Francis of Assisi ( it, Francesco d'Assisi; – 3 October 1226), was a mystic Italian Catholic friar, founder of the Franciscans, and one of the most venerated figures in Christianit ...
is associated with the patronage of animals and it has become customary for Catholic and Anglican churches to carryout animal blessing ceremonies on his
feast day The calendar of saints is the traditional Christian method of organizing a liturgical year by associating each day with one or more saints and referring to the day as the feast day or feast of said saint. The word "feast" in this context d ...
of 4 October.
Saint Dwynwen Saint Dwynwen (;  5th century), sometimes known as Dwyn or Donwen, is the Welsh patron saint of lovers. She is celebrated throughout Wales on 25 January. History and legend The original tale has become mixed with elements of folktales ...
is more known for being a
Welsh Welsh may refer to: Related to Wales * Welsh, referring or related to Wales * Welsh language, a Brittonic Celtic language spoken in Wales * Welsh people People * Welsh (surname) * Sometimes used as a synonym for the ancient Britons (Celtic peop ...
patron saint of lovers but she is also lesser known as being the patron saint of sick animals which she would bless. Legend has it that in the 4th century, whole herds of wild animals would come for the blessing of
Saint Blaise Blaise of Sebaste ( hy, Սուրբ Վլասի, ''Surb Vlasi''; el, Ἅγιος Βλάσιος, ''Agios Vlasios''; ) was a physician and bishop of Sebastea in historical Armenia (modern Sivas, Turkey) who is venerated as a Christian saint and m ...
.


Islam


Cats

According to legend, a cat saved Muhammad from a snake. In gratitude, Muhammad stroked the cat's back and forehead, thus blessing all cats with the righting reflex.


Animal chaplaincy

Animal chaplaincy is typically associated with veterinary work. Veterinary chaplains minister in regard to the spirituality associated with animals and the human-animal bond and responsibilities, and perform animal blessings as part of a broad range of services.


Types of animals blessed

Any animal can be blessed and a wide variety have been blessed during blessing ceremonies. It depends on what people bring on the day. Included have been: * Australia: dogs, cats, tropical birds, reptiles, rodents, native Australian bees, goldfish, ferrets, hermit crabs, mounted police horses, rabbits, mice * Spain: dogs, rabbits, iguanas, doves * Canada: horses, dogs, cats, birds, donkeys, sheep, hawks, parrots, weasels, skunks * Working animals, for example military or police dogs.


Practical issues

The safety of animals and people is important. Due consideration also needs to be given to any mess some animals may make.


Counterpoint

PETA Peta or PETA may refer to: Acronym * Pembela Tanah Air, a militia established by the occupying Japanese in Indonesia in 1943 * People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, an American animal rights organization * People Eating Tasty Animals, an ...
have an alternative view on animal blessing events, and proffer the following points: * Cats are terrified and should be left at home. The blessing is for the animals so do not sacrifice the animals' welfare for the ceremony. * Many animals, all created by God, miss out on the blessing, and are mutilated and abused for our sake. PETA states St. Francis would be appalled by the degree of suffering that we inflict on animals to indulge our acquired taste for their flesh. * PETA suggest two
Franciscan The Franciscans are a group of related Mendicant orders, mendicant Christianity, Christian Catholic religious order, religious orders within the Catholic Church. Founded in 1209 by Italian Catholic friar Francis of Assisi, these orders include t ...
Animal Blessings.


See also

*
Animal worship The term Animal worship (or zoolatry) is an umbrella term designating religious or ritual practices involving animals. This includes the worship of animal deities or animal sacrifice. An animal 'cult' is formed when a species is taken to repres ...
*
Comparison of Islamic and Jewish dietary laws The Islamic dietary laws (''halal'') and the Kashrut, Jewish dietary laws (''kashrut''; in English, ''kosher'') are both quite detailed, and contain both points of similarity and discord. Both are the dietary laws and described in distinct reli ...


Further reading

*


References

{{Animal welfare Religious rituals Pets Working animals Livestock Articles containing video clips Animals in religion