''Aniba'' is an American neotropical
flowering plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
in the
family
Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...
Lauraceae
Lauraceae, or the laurels, is a plant family that includes the true laurel and its closest relatives. This family comprises about 2850 known species in about 45 genera worldwide (Christenhusz & Byng 2016 ). They are dicotyledons, and occur ma ...
. They are present in low and mountain cloud forest in Caribbean islands, Central America, and northern to central
South America
South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the southe ...
.
Description
They are shrubs or
tree
In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, including only woody plants with secondary growth, plants that are ...
s up to 25 m high,
hermaphrodite
In reproductive biology, a hermaphrodite () is an organism that has both kinds of reproductive organs and can produce both gametes associated with male and female sexes.
Many Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic groups of animals (mostly invertebrate ...
s. The leaves are alternate, entire, and elliptical or narrowly elliptical. The
inflorescence
An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches. Morphologically, it is the modified part of the shoot of seed plants where flowers are formed o ...
s are paniculate and axillary, the flowers are arranged in cymes essentially, and those strictly opposite side are small. The fruit is a berry-like drupe dispersed mostly by birds. Fruits are 3 cm long and 1.5 cm wide, with deep domes, and warty.
Many species have a valuable timber in yellow wood, others have the wood and bark pleasantly scented. The oils extracted from certain species are used as ingredients in the manufacture of perfumes.
Ecology
''Aniba'' is a genus of great ecological importance. It currently includes 41 species, classified into six different subgroups, in which the woody structures are almost undifferentiated; the differences are ecological adaptations to different environments over a relatively dry-wet climate. Species in less humid environments are smaller or less robust, with less abundant and thinner foliage and have oleifera cells that give trees a more fragrant aroma.
Found throughout the Guyanas and the Amazon region, and also in the Pacific coastal areas of Colombia, they grow mostly in tropical forests and Andean
cloud forest
A cloud forest, also called a water forest, primas forest, or tropical montane cloud forest (TMCF), is a generally tropical or subtropical, evergreen, montane, moist forest characterized by a persistent, frequent or seasonal low-level cloud c ...
, but have also been found in stubbles and pastures. Distribution of ''Aniba'' extends from the islands of the Antilles in the Caribbean to Central America, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, the Guyanas, Venezuela, Colombia, and Peru in the coastal ranges and interior in wet areas, the Andes, and to dry regions of central and southern Brazil.
They do not form large stands, but rather small groups of trees with densities up to one individual per five hectares. Due to the low density, exploitation of the natural populations is to the detriment of the rainforest.
Overexploitation
Overexploitation, also called overharvesting, refers to harvesting a renewable resource to the point of diminishing returns. Continued overexploitation can lead to the destruction of the resource, as it will be unable to replenish. The term app ...
of the easily accessible trees of the rainforest has been reducing exports since the mid-1990s. Due to the distribution in inaccessible rainforest regions and its low density, it is hard to survey population trends in figures, but
overexploitation
Overexploitation, also called overharvesting, refers to harvesting a renewable resource to the point of diminishing returns. Continued overexploitation can lead to the destruction of the resource, as it will be unable to replenish. The term app ...
is evident.
Fourteen of the most known trees are used by the timber industry. In general, the wood from ''Aniba'' species has a high commercial value. The woods are typically yellowish with a greenish hue when fresh, becoming brown or olive on exposure to air. Narrow sapwood is light yellowish. Luster is medium to high; grain is straight to interlocked; texture is fine to medium; they have a spicy odor, and the taste may be distinctive.
Species
49 species are currently accepted:
[''Aniba'' Aubl.]
''Plants of the World Online'', Kew Science. Accessed 17 December 2022.
* ''
Aniba affinis
''Aniba'' is an American neotropical flowering plant genus in the family Lauraceae. They are present in low and mountain cloud forest in Caribbean islands, Central America, and northern to central South America.
Description
They are shrubs o ...
''
(Meisn.) Mez – southeastern Colombia, southern Venezuela, and northern Brazil
* ''
Aniba bracteata
''Aniba'' is an American neotropical flowering plant genus in the family Lauraceae. They are present in low and mountain cloud forest in Caribbean islands, Central America, and northern to central South America.
Description
They are shrubs o ...
''
(Nees) Mez – Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles, Costa Rica, and Ecuador
* ''
Aniba burchellii
''Aniba'' is an American neotropical flowering plant genus in the family Lauraceae. They are present in low and mountain cloud forest in Caribbean islands, Central America, and northern to central South America.
Description
They are shrubs o ...
''
Kosterm. – southeastern Colombia, southern Venezuela, and Brazil
* ''
Aniba canelilla
''Aniba'' is an American neotropical flowering plant genus in the family Lauraceae. They are present in low and mountain cloud forest in Caribbean islands, Central America, and northern to central South America.
Description
They are shrubs o ...
''
Mez
* ''
Aniba cinnamomiflora
''Aniba'' is an American neotropical flowering plant genus in the family Lauraceae. They are present in low and mountain cloud forest in Caribbean islands, Central America, and northern to central South America.
Description
They are shrubs o ...
''
C.K.Allen
* ''
Aniba citrifolia
''Aniba'' is an American neotropical flowering plant genus in the family Lauraceae. They are present in low and mountain cloud forest in Caribbean islands, Central America, and northern to central South America.
Description
They are shrubs o ...
''
(Nees) Mez
* ''
Aniba coto
''Aniba'' is an American neotropical flowering plant genus in the family Lauraceae. They are present in low and mountain cloud forest in Caribbean islands, Central America, and northern to central South America.
Description
They are shrubs ...
''
(Rusby) Kosterm.
* ''
Aniba cylindriflora
''Aniba'' is an American neotropical flowering plant genus in the family Lauraceae. They are present in low and mountain cloud forest in Caribbean islands, Central America, and northern to central South America.
Description
They are shrubs o ...
''
Kosterm.
* ''
Aniba desertorum
''Aniba'' is an American neotropical flowering plant genus in the family Lauraceae. They are present in low and mountain cloud forest in Caribbean islands, Central America, and northern to central South America.
Description
They are shrubs o ...
''
(Nees) Mez
* ''
Aniba excelsa
''Aniba'' is an American neotropical flowering plant genus in the family Lauraceae. They are present in low and mountain cloud forest in Caribbean islands, Central America, and northern to central South America.
Description
They are shrubs o ...
''
Kosterm.
* ''
Aniba ferrea''
Kubitzki 1982
* ''
Aniba ferruginea''
Kubitzki 1982
* ''
Aniba firmula
''Aniba'' is an American neotropical flowering plant genus in the family Lauraceae. They are present in low and mountain cloud forest in Caribbean islands, Central America, and northern to central South America.
Description
They are shrubs o ...
''
(Nees
Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck (14 February 1776 – 16 March 1858) was a prolific German botanist, physician, zoologist, and natural philosopher. He was a contemporary of Goethe and was born within the lifetime of Linnaeus. He des ...
& Mart.
Carl Friedrich Philipp (Karl Friedrich Philipp) von Martius (17 April 1794 – 13 December 1868) was a German botanist and explorer.
Life
Martius was born at Erlangen, the son of Prof Ernst Wilhelm Martius, court apothecary.
He graduated PhD f ...
) Mez, 1889
* ''
Aniba flexuosa
''Aniba'' is an American neotropical flowering plant genus in the family Lauraceae. They are present in low and mountain cloud forest in Caribbean islands, Central America, and northern to central South America.
Description
They are shrubs o ...
''
A.C.Sm.
Albert Charles Smith (April 5, 1906 – May 23, 1999) was an American botany, botanist who served as director of the National Museum of Natural History and Arnold Arboretum and was the former president of the American Society of Plant Taxonomists. ...
, 1935
* ''
Aniba foeniculacea''
Mez, 1906
* ''
Aniba fragrans''
Ducke 1925
* ''
Aniba guianensis
''Aniba'' is an American neotropical flowering plant genus in the family Lauraceae. They are present in low and mountain cloud forest in Caribbean islands, Central America, and northern to central South America.
Description
They are shrubs o ...
''
Aubl.
* ''
Aniba heterotepala''
van der Werff
* ''
Aniba hostmanniana''
(Nees) Mez
* ''
Aniba hypoglauca''
Sandwith
* ''
Aniba inaequabilis''
Da Matta
* ''
Aniba intermedia''
(Meisn.
Carl Daniel Friedrich Meissner (1 November 1800 – 2 May 1874) was a Swiss botanist.
Biography
Born in Bern, Switzerland on 1 November 1800, he was christened Meisner but later changed the spelling of his name to Meissner. For most of his 40 ...
) Mez 1889
* ''
Aniba jenmanii''
Mez
* ''
Aniba kappleri''
Mez
* ''
Aniba lancifolia''
Kubitzki & W.A.Rodrigues
* ''
Aniba magnifica''
W.Palacios
* ''
Aniba megaphylla''
Mez
* ''
Aniba muca''
(Ruiz & Pav.) Mez
* ''
Aniba novo-granatensis''
Kubitzki 1982
* ''
Aniba panurensis''
(Meisn.) Mez
* ''
Aniba parviflora''
(Meisn.) Mez 1889
* ''
Aniba pedicellata''
Kosterm. 1938
* ''
Aniba percoriacea
''Aniba percoriacea'' is a species of plant in the family Lauraceae. It is Endemism, endemic to Suriname.
References
Flora of Suriname
Aniba, percoriacea
Vulnerable plants
Endemic flora of Suriname
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
{ ...
''
C.K.Allen 1964
* ''
Aniba permollis''
(Nees) Mez
* ''
Aniba perutilis
''Aniba'' is an American neotropical flowering plant genus in the family (biology), family Lauraceae. They are present in low and mountain cloud forest in Caribbean islands, Central America, and northern to central South America.
Description ...
''
Hemsl. 1894
* ''
Aniba pilosa''
1994
* ''
Aniba puchury-minor''
(Mart.) Mez
* ''
Aniba ramageana''
Mez
* ''
Aniba riparia''
(Nees) Mez
* ''
Aniba robusta''
(Klotzsch
Johann Friedrich Klotzsch (9 June 1805 – 5 November 1860) was a German pharmacist and botanist.
His principal work was in the field of mycology, with the study and description of many species of mushroom.
Klotzsch was born in Wittenberg. Origin ...
& P.Karst.
Petter Adolf Karsten (16 February 1834 – 22 March 1917) was a Finnish mycologist, the foremost expert on the fungi of Finland in his day, and known in consequence as the "father of Finnish mycology".
Karsten was born in Merimasku near Turku, s ...
) Mez 1889
* ''
Aniba rosaeodora
''Aniba rosaeodora'', also known as pau-rosa, is a species of Magnoliid tree in the family Lauraceae. Although sometimes wrongly referred to as ''rosewood'' this name is totally misleading; it is no tree of the genus ''Dalbergia''. It grows in ...
''
Ducke 1930
* ''
Aniba santalodora''
Ducke 1950
* ''
Aniba subbullata''
H.Ribeiro & P.L.R.Moraes
* ''
Aniba sulcata''
Benoist 1929
* ''
Aniba vaupesiana''
Kubitzki 1982
* ''
Aniba venezuelana''
Mez 1889
* ''
Aniba viridis''
Mez
* ''
Aniba vulcanicola''
van der Werff 1994
* ''
Aniba williamsii''
Brooks
Brooks may refer to:
Places
;Antarctica
*Cape Brooks
;Canada
*Brooks, Alberta
;United States
*Brooks, Alabama
* Brooks, Arkansas
*Brooks, California
*Brooks, Georgia
* Brooks, Iowa
* Brooks, Kentucky
* Brooks, Maine
*Brooks Township, Michigan
* ...
1931
References
Flora de Nicaragua*
{{Taxonbar, from=Q4764445
Lauraceae genera
Taxa named by Jean Baptiste Christian Fusée-Aublet
Neotropical realm flora
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot