Anholt Offshore Wind Farm is a

Danish Danish may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to the country of Denmark People * A national or citizen of Denmark, also called a "Dane," see Demographics of Denmark * Culture of Denmark * Danish people or Danes, people with a Danish a ...

offshore wind power Offshore wind power or offshore wind energy is the generation of electricity through wind farms in bodies of water, usually at sea. There are higher wind speeds offshore than on land, so offshore farms generate more electricity per amount of c ...

wind farm A wind farm or wind park, also called a wind power station or wind power plant, is a group of wind turbines in the same location used Wind power, to produce electricity. Wind farms vary in size from a small number of turbines to several hundre ...

in the

Kattegat The Kattegat (; sv, Kattegatt ) is a sea area bounded by the Jutlandic peninsula in the west, the Danish Straits islands of Denmark and the Baltic Sea to the south and the provinces of Bohuslän, Västergötland, Halland and Skåne in Sweden ...

, between

Djursland Djursland () is a 44 km × 33 km hilly lowland peninsula in Denmark at the entrance to the Baltic Sea, between Denmark and Sweden in Northern Europe. Djursland protrudes into the Kattegat sea, as part of the larger peninsula of Jutland, ...

and Anholt island. With a

nameplate capacity Nameplate capacity, also known as the rated capacity, nominal capacity, installed capacity, or maximum effect, is the intended full-load sustained output of a facility such as a power station,

of 400

megawatt The watt (symbol: W) is the unit of Power (physics), power or radiant flux in the International System of Units, International System of Units (SI), equal to 1 joule per second or 1 kg⋅m2⋅s−3. It is used to quantification (science), ...

s (MW), it is one of the largest offshore wind farm in the world (along with

BARD Offshore 1 BARD Offshore 1 is a 400 megawatt (MW) North Sea offshore wind farm with 80 BARD 5.0 turbines. Since the owner could not buy such 5MW offshore wind turbines in sufficient numbers in 2006, Dr. Bekker set up its own production of turbines. This sh ...

) and was the largest in Denmark from 2013 to 2019 (when

Horns Rev 3 Horns Rev is an offshore wind farm in Danish waters in the North Sea. The wind farm was built in three phases, the first coming online in 2002, the second in 2009 and the third in 2019. Horns Rev 1, the first phase, was the first large-scale o ...

was inaugurated). A cable from the wind farm to Anholt replaces most of the diesel-powered electricity on the island.Anholt offshore wind farm
(in Danish) ''

Danish Energy Agency The Danish Energy Agency (Danish: Energistyrelsen) was established in 1976 as an agency of the Danish Ministry of Transport. It was part of the Ministry of Environment and Energy from 1994 to 2001. In 2007 it came under the newly created Danish Min ...

''. Accessed: 27 November 2010.

Project

Economy

The project was conceived in February 2008, as part of the Danish government's Energy Policy Agreement. The wind farm costs an estimated 10 billion Danish kroner (€1.35 bn, US$1.65 bn). During operation, DONG receives a

feed-in tariff A feed-in tariff (FIT, FiT, standard offer contract,Couture, T., Cory, K., Kreycik, C., Williams, E., (2010)Policymaker's Guide to Feed-in Tariff Policy Design National Renewable Energy Laboratory, U.S. Dept. of Energy advanced renewable tariff, ...

of 1.051 DKK/kW·h (17 US¢/kW·h) for the first 20 TW·h (about 12–13 years of production),Hanne, Windemuller
Anholt Offshore Wind Farm will be the largest in Denmark
''

'', 2 July 2010. Accessed: 27 November 2010. whereas the 207 MW Rødsand 2 receives 0.629 DKK/kW·h for 10 TW·h.

DONG Energy Dong or DONG may refer to: Places * Dong Lake, or East Lake, a lake in China * Dong, Arunachal Pradesh, a village in India * Dong (administrative division) (동 or 洞), a neighborhood division in Korea Persons *Queen Dong (1623–1681), princes ...

was the only bidder for the project, and received the license to build it in 2010. Newsmedia and politicians suggest a tight schedule with tough sanctions as reasons for the single bid and higher price, and the subsequent Horns Rev 3 offshore wind farm had 4 bidders in 2015 and costs 0.77 DKK/kW·h, well below the 105 øre at Anholt.Wittrup, Sanne.
Svenske Vattenfall skal bygge Danmarks næste havmøllepark
" ''

Ingeniøren ''Ingeniøren'' (full name: ''Nyhedsmagasinet Ingeniøren'', literally ''The News Magazine "The Engineer"'') is a Danish weekly newspaper specialising in engineering topics. History and profile The paper has covered science and technology issues ...

'', 26 February 2015. Accessed: 26 February 2015.

Technology

DONG contracted

Siemens Wind Power Siemens AG ( ) is a German multinational conglomerate corporation and the largest industrial manufacturing company in Europe headquartered in Munich with branch offices abroad. The principal divisions of the corporation are ''Industry'', ''E ...

to supply 111 3.6 MW

wind turbine A wind turbine is a device that converts the kinetic energy of wind into electrical energy. Hundreds of thousands of large turbines, in installations known as wind farms, now generate over 650 gigawatts of power, with 60 GW added each year. ...

s for the project, placed in water depth. A platform holds 3 transformers which increase voltage from 33 to 220 kV for transporting the

alternating current Alternating current (AC) is an electric current which periodically reverses direction and changes its magnitude continuously with time in contrast to direct current (DC) which flows only in one direction. Alternating current is the form in whic ...

power to land through a single 3-conductor cable (diameter )Kvarts, Thomas
About the seacable
(in Danish) ''

Energinet.dk Energinet is the Danish national transmission system operator for electricity and natural gas. It is an independent public enterprise owned by the Danish state under the Ministry of Climate and Energy. Energinet has some 1150 employees, a ...

''. Accessed: 27 November 2010. and a further Kvarts, Thomas
About the landcable
(in Danish) ''

''. Accessed: 27 November 2010. to Trige (near

Aarhus Aarhus (, , ; officially spelled Århus from 1948 until 1 January 2011) is the second-largest city in Denmark and the seat of Aarhus Municipality. It is located on the eastern shore of Jutland in the Kattegat sea and approximately northwest ...

) where a 400 kV main power hub can distribute the power.Damgaard, Poul
About the transformator platform
(in Danish) ''

'', 20 August 2010. Retrieved: 24 October 2010.Gaardestrup, Rikke Bille
Connection of offshore wind farm Anholt
''

'', 30 November 2009. Retrieved: 24 October 2010. There are

switchyard reactor In an electric power transmission grid system, switchyard reactors are large inductors installed at substations to help stabilize the power system. For transmission lines, the space between overhead line and ground forms a capacitor parallel to ...

s along the cable to provide reactive power to compensate for line capacitance. The agreement required first power to be produced before the end of 2012, and be fully commissioned before the end of 2013. In March 2011, DONG Energy sold 50% of the Anholt wind farm to a consortium consisting of PensionDanmark (30%) and PKA (Pensionskassernes Administration, 20%) for DKK 6 billion (US$1.14 billion) payable in 4 rates between 2011 and 2013.Pedersen, Lars Dalsgård
DONG sells half of Anholt wind farm
''Energy Supply'', 28 March 2011. Accessed: 10 December 2011. Usually, turbines are placed in a grid pattern of lines and rows. But the turbines of AOWF are placed in an unusual pattern, governed by two principles: put most of them along the edges, and put most in undisturbed airflow from the main direction, which is

West-southwest The points of the compass are a set of horizontal, radially arrayed compass directions (or azimuths) used in navigation and cartography. A compass rose is primarily composed of four cardinal directions—north, east, south, and west—each se ...

. This would increase production by 1.5%, a lifetime value of more than 100m DKK.

Construction

On 31 December 2011, the heavy lift vessel (HLV) ''Svanen'' placed the first foundation monopile. Official construction of the wind farm started on 13 January 2012. The first turbine was installed on 3 September and connected to the Danish power grid on 21 September. In May 2013, AOWF became Denmark's largest wind farm when 59 turbines were grid connected, totalling 212MW and surpassing

Horns Rev 2 Horns Rev is an offshore wind farm in Danish waters in the North Sea. The wind farm was built in three phases, the first coming online in 2002, the second in 2009 and the third in 2019. Horns Rev 1, the first phase, was the first large-scale o ...

. The vessel Sea Installer managed to erect a complete tower (saving time), and installed a wind turbine in 7 hours. On 19 May 2013, the installation vessel Sea Power erected the last of the 111 turbines at Anholt Offshore Wind Farm. The wind farm achieved full power in June 2013, and was inaugurated and commissioned on 4 September 2013.Jan Bjerre Lauridsen & Søren Andersen.
Queen says Good Wind to giant turbines
(in Danish) ''

Berlingske ''Berlingske'', previously known as ''Berlingske Tidende'' (, ''Berling's Times''), is a Danish national daily newspaper based in Copenhagen. It is considered a newspaper of record for Denmark. First published on 3 January 1749, ''Berlingske'' ...

'', 4 September 2013. Accessed: 4 September 2013.VIPs cut ribbon at 400MW Anholt
''Recharge News'', 4 September 2013. Accessed: 4 September 2013.

Operation

The connection cable has been out of service two times; first the land cable failed for a week in 2014 costing

9 million DKK in compensation to DONG. In February 2015 the sea cable failed, and Anholt island reverted to its diesel engines.Wittrup, Sanne.
Fejl på søkabel stopper Anholt Havmøllepark i tre uger
''

'', 23 February 2015. Accessed: 23 February 2015. , the farm has produced 4,427 GWh.

External links

References

{{reflist, 2 Offshore wind farms in the Baltic Sea Wind farms in Denmark Buildings and structures in the Central Denmark Region Ørsted (company) wind farms Energy infrastructure completed in 2013 2013 establishments in Denmark