Anhalt-Dessau was a
principality of the
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire was a political entity in Western, Central, and Southern Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars.
From the accession of Otto I in 962 ...
and later a duchy of the
German Confederation
The German Confederation (german: Deutscher Bund, ) was an association of 39 predominantly German-speaking sovereign states in Central Europe. It was created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 as a replacement of the former Holy Roman Empire ...
. Ruled by the
House of Ascania
The House of Ascania (german: Askanier) was a dynasty of German rulers. It is also known as the House of Anhalt, which refers to its longest-held possession, Anhalt.
The Ascanians are named after Ascania (or Ascaria) Castle, known as ''Schlos ...
, it was created in 1396 following the partition of the
Principality of Anhalt-Zerbst, and finally merged into the re-united
Duchy of Anhalt in 1863. The capital of the state was
Dessau
Dessau is a town and former municipality in Germany at the confluence of the rivers Mulde and Elbe, in the '' Bundesland'' (Federal State) of Saxony-Anhalt. Since 1 July 2007, it has been part of the newly created municipality of Dessau-Roà ...
in present-day
Saxony-Anhalt
Saxony-Anhalt (german: Sachsen-Anhalt ; nds, Sassen-Anholt) is a state of Germany, bordering the states of Brandenburg, Saxony, Thuringia and Lower Saxony. It covers an area of
and has a population of 2.18 million inhabitants, making it the ...
.
History
The
Principality of Anhalt arose in 1212 under its first ruler
Henry I, son of the
Saxon
The Saxons ( la, Saxones, german: Sachsen, ang, Seaxan, osx, Sahson, nds, Sassen, nl, Saksen) were a group of Germanic
*
*
*
*
peoples whose name was given in the early Middle Ages to a large country ( Old Saxony, la, Saxonia) near the No ...
duke
Bernhard III. Named after
Anhalt Castle, the ancestral seat of the Ascanian dynasty near
Harzgerode, the principality experienced a number of partitions throughout its centuries-long existence.
The Anhalt territory was divided among the sons of Prince
Henry I into the principalities of
Anhalt-Aschersleben,
Anhalt-Bernburg
Anhalt-Bernburg was a principality of the Holy Roman Empire and a duchy of the German Confederation ruled by the House of Ascania with its residence at Bernburg in present-day Saxony-Anhalt. It emerged as a subdivision from the Principality of ...
and Anhalt-Zerbst in 1252. In the course of the partition, Prince
Siegfried I, the youngest son of Henry I, received the lands around
Köthen,
Dessau
Dessau is a town and former municipality in Germany at the confluence of the rivers Mulde and Elbe, in the '' Bundesland'' (Federal State) of Saxony-Anhalt. Since 1 July 2007, it has been part of the newly created municipality of Dessau-Roà ...
, and
Zerbst
Zerbst () is a town in the district of Anhalt-Bitterfeld, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Until an administrative reform in 2007, Zerbst was the capital of the former Anhalt-Zerbst district.
Geography
Zerbst is situated in the Anhalt-Wittenberg reg ...
. His son and successor Prince
Albert I Albert I may refer to:
People Born before 1300
* Albert I, Count of Vermandois (917–987)
*Albert I, Count of Namur ()
*Albert I of Moha
*Albert I of Brandenburg (), first margrave of Brandenburg
*Albert I, Margrave of Meissen (1158–1195)
*Alber ...
took his residence at
Köthen Castle in 1295. In 1396, the surviving sons of Prince
John II of Anhalt-Zerbst again divided their heritage. The elder
Sigismund I became Prince of Anhalt-Dessau and took his residence at Dessau, while his younger brother
Albert IV went on to rule as Prince of Anhalt-Köthen.
Upon the death of Sigismund's son Prince
George I of Anhalt-Dessau in 1474, the principality was again divided with
Anhalt-Köthen
Anhalt-Köthen was a principality of the Holy Roman Empire ruled by the House of Ascania. It was created in 1396 when the Principality of Anhalt-Zerbst was partitioned between Anhalt-Dessau and Anhalt-Köthen. The first creation lasted until 15 ...
. Anhalt-Dessau was partitioned for a second time in 1544 with Anhalt-Zerbst and
Anhalt-Plötzkau being created. From 1561 until 1603 Anhalt-Dessau was under the rule of the Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst, and in 1603 Anhalt-Dessau was recreated, being raised to a duchy in 1807.
Anhalt-Köthen became extinct on the death of the Duke of Anhalt-Köthen, 23 November 1847, and its territories were united to Anhalt-Dessau by Patent of 22 May 1853. Following the death of the last Duke of
Anhalt-Bernburg
Anhalt-Bernburg was a principality of the Holy Roman Empire and a duchy of the German Confederation ruled by the House of Ascania with its residence at Bernburg in present-day Saxony-Anhalt. It emerged as a subdivision from the Principality of ...
on 19 August 1863, all of the Anhalt lands came under the rule of the Duke of Anhalt-Dessau who then took the new title of Duke of Anhalt for the newly created
Duchy of Anhalt.
Rulers of Anhalt-Dessau
Princes (1396–1561)
*
Sigismund I 1396–1405
*
George I 1405–1474
**
Waldemar IV 1405–1417 (co-regent)
**
Sigismund II 1405–1452 (co-regent)
**
Albert V 1405–1469 (co-regent)
*
Ernest I 1474–1516
**
George II 1474–1509 (co-regent)
**
Sigismund III 1474–1487 (co-regent)
**
Rudolph IV
Rudolf IV (1 November 1339 – 27 July 1365), also called Rudolf the Founder (german: der Stifter), was a scion of the House of Habsburg who ruled as duke of Austria (self-proclaimed archduke), Styria and Carinthia from 1358, as well as cou ...
1474–1510 (co-regent)
*
Joachim I 1516–1561
**
John V John V may refer to:
* Patriarch John V of Alexandria or John the Merciful (died by 620), Patriarch of Alexandria from 606 to 616
* John V of Constantinople, Patriarch from 669 to 675
* Pope John V (685–686), Pope from 685 to his death in 686
...
1516–1544 (co-regent)
**
George III
George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 173829 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two kingdoms on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Br ...
1516–1544 (co-regent)
''To
Anhalt-Zerbst
Anhalt-Zerbst was a district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG),, is a country in Central Europe. It is the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany lies between the B ...
1561''.
Princes (1603–1807)
*
John George I 1603–1618
*
John Casimir 1618–1660
*
John George II 1660–1693
*
Leopold I 1693–1747
**
Countess Henriette Catherine of Nassau
Henriette Catherine of Nassau (10 February 1637 – 5 November 1708) was princess consort of Anhalt-Dessau by marriage to John George II, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau, and regent of Anhalt-Dessau from 1693 to 1698 during the minority (and then the abse ...
''regent 1693–1697''
*
Leopold II 1747–1751
*
Leopold III 1751–1807
**
Prince Dietrich ''regent 1751–1758''
''Raised to Duchy 1807''.
Dukes (1807–1863)
*
Leopold III 1807–1817
*
Leopold IV 1817–1863
''Renamed
Duchy of Anhalt 1863''.
Notes
References
Regnal chronology*
*
{{Authority control
1561 disestablishments
States and territories established in 1603
States of the Confederation of the Rhine
States of the German Confederation
House of Ascania
Lists of princes
History of Anhalt
1390s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
1396 establishments in Europe
1863 disestablishments in Europe
Former states and territories of Saxony-Anhalt
Principalities of the Holy Roman Empire