__NOTOC__ ''Hypsipetes'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

bulbul The bulbuls are members of a family, Pycnonotidae, of medium-sized passerine songbirds, which also includes greenbuls, brownbuls, leafloves, and bristlebills. The family is distributed across most of Africa and into the Middle East, tropical As ...

songbird A songbird is a bird belonging to the suborder Passeri of the perching birds (Passeriformes). Another name that is sometimes seen as the scientific or vernacular name is Oscines, from Latin ''oscen'', "songbird". The Passeriformes contains 500 ...

s in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Pycnonotidae. Most of its

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

occur in

tropical The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator. They are defined in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere at N and the Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere at S. The tropics are also referred to ...

forests around the Indian Ocean. But while the genus is quite diverse in the Madagascar region at the western end of its range it does not reach the African mainland. Most ''Hypsipetes'' bulbuls are dark greyish birds with orange or red bills and feet. The feathers on top of the head are slightly elongated and usually black, and can be erected to form a short and wispy crest.

Taxonomy and systematics

The genus ''Hypsipetes'' was introduced in 1831 by the Irish zoologist

Nicholas Aylward Vigors Nicholas Aylward Vigors (1785 – 26 October 1840) was an Ireland, Irish zoologist and politician. He popularized the classification of birds on the basis of the quinarian system. Early life Vigors was born at Old Leighlin, County Carlow on 17 ...

with ''Hypsipetes psaroides'' as the

type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen ...

. This taxon is now a subspecies of the

black bulbul The black bulbul (''Hypsipetes leucocephalus''), also known as the Himalayan black bulbul or Asian black bulbul, is a member of the bulbul family of passerine birds. It is found primarily in the Himalayas, its range stretching from India eastwa ...

''Hypsipetes leucocephalus psaroides''. The genus name combines the

Ancient Greek Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Dark Ages (), the Archaic peri ...

''hupsi'' meaning "high" with ''petēs'' meaning "-flyer".

Species

The genus contains 19 species: *

Philippine bulbul The Philippine bulbul (''Hypsipetes philippinus'') is a songbird species in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. It is endemic to the Philippines. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical moi ...

(''Hypsipetes philippinus'') * Mindoro bulbul (''Hypsipetes mindorensis'') *

Streak-breasted bulbul The streak-breasted bulbul (''Hypsipetes siquijorensis'') is a songbird species in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. It is endemic to the Philippines being found in the Visayas on the islands of Tablas Island, Siquijor, Cebu and Romblon where it ...

(''Hypsipetes siquijorensis'') * Seram golden bulbul (''Hypsipetes affinis'') * Northern golden bulbul (''Hypsipetes longirostris'') * Buru golden bulbul (''Hypsipetes mysticalis'') *

Visayan bulbul The Visayan bulbul (''Hypsipetes guimarasensis'') or Steere's bulbul, is a songbird species in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. It is endemic to the western Visayas in the Philippines. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowla ...

(''Hypsipetes guimarasensis'') *

Yellowish bulbul The yellowish bulbul (''Hypsipetes everetti'') is a species of songbird in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. Taxonomy and systematics The yellowish bulbul was originally described in the genus ''Criniger ''and later placed in the genus ''Ixos'' ...

(''Hypsipetes everetti'') *

Camiguin bulbul The Camiguin bulbul (''Hypsipetes catarmanensis'') is a species of songbird in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. It is endemic to the Philippines being only found on Camiguin. The Camiguin bulbul was formerly considered a subspecies of the yell ...

(''Hypsipetes catarmanensis'') *

Zamboanga bulbul The Zamboanga bulbul (''Hypsipetes rufigularis'') is a songbird species in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. It is endemic to the Philippines, where its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests of Basilan and the Zamboanga ...

(''Hypsipetes rufigularis'') *

Brown-eared bulbul The brown-eared bulbul (''Hypsipetes amaurotis'') is a medium-sized bulbul native to eastern Asia. It is extremely common within the northern parts of its range and can be found from southern Sakhalin to the northern Philippines. Taxonomy and ...

(''Hypsipetes amaurotis'') *

Reunion bulbul Reunion may refer to: * Class reunion * Family reunion Reunion, Réunion, Re-union, Reunions or The Reunion may also refer to: Places * Réunion, a French overseas department and island in the Indian Ocean * Reunion, Commerce City, Colorado, U ...

(''Hypsipetes borbonicus'') *

Malagasy bulbul The Malagasy bulbul (''Hypsipetes madagascariensis'') is a species of songbird in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. It is found on Madagascar and other regional islands in the south-western Indian Ocean. Taxonomy and systematics The Malagasy b ...

(''Hypsipetes madagascariensis'') * Mauritius bulbul (''Hypsipetes olivaceus'') *

White-headed bulbul The white-headed bulbul (''Hypsipetes thompsoni'') is a songbird species in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. It is found in Myanmar and north-western Thailand. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical ...

(''Hypsipetes thompsoni'') *

Black bulbul The black bulbul (''Hypsipetes leucocephalus''), also known as the Himalayan black bulbul or Asian black bulbul, is a member of the bulbul family of passerine birds. It is found primarily in the Himalayas, its range stretching from India eastwa ...

(''Hypsipetes leucocephalus'') * Square-tailed bulbul (''Hypsipetes ganeesa'') * Grand Comoro bulbul (''Hypsipetes parvirostris'') * Moheli bulbul (''Hypsipetes moheliensis'') *

Seychelles bulbul The Seychelles bulbul (''Hypsipetes crassirostris'') is a member of the bulbul family of passerine birds. It is a common endemic species of the Seychelles, breeding on Mahé, Praslin, La Digue and Silhouette as well as some smaller islands. Tax ...

(''Hypsipetes crassirostris'')

Extinct species

* † Rodrigues bulbul (''Hypsipetes cowlesi'')

Former species

Some authorities, either presently or formerly, recognize several additional species as belonging to the genus ''Hypsipetes'' including: *

Eastern bearded greenbul The eastern bearded greenbul (''Criniger chloronotus'') is a species of songbird in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. It is found from south-eastern Nigeria to Central African Republic, north-eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Congo and ex ...

(as ''Hypsipetes malaccensis'') *

Yellow-browed bulbul The yellow-browed bulbul (''Acritillas indica''), or golden-browed bulbul, is a species of songbird in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. It is found in the forests of southern India and Sri Lanka. The yellow-browed bulbul is mainly yellow on the ...

(as ''Hypsipetes indica'' or ''Hypsipetes indicus'') * Hairy-backed bulbul (as ''Hypsipetes criniger'') *

Olive bulbul The olive bulbul (''Iole viridescens'') is a species of songbird in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. It is found from southern Myanmar to south-western Thailand and the Malay Peninsula. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowla ...

(as ''Hypsipetes virescens'' or ''Hypsipetes viridescens'') *

Grey-eyed bulbul The grey-eyed bulbul (''Iole propinqua'') is a species of songbird in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. It is found in Southeast Asia in its natural habitat of subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. Taxonomy and systematics The grey-eyed ...

(as ''Hypsipetes propinquus'') *

Buff-vented bulbul The buff-vented bulbul (''Iole crypta'') is a species of songbird in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. It is found in south-eastern Myanmar, south-western Thailand, on the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and nearby islands. Its natural habitat is subtrop ...

(as ''Hypsipetes olivacea'') * Sulphur-bellied bulbul (as ''Hypsipetes palawanensis'') *

Nicobar bulbul The Nicobar bulbul (''Ixos nicobariensis'') is a songbird species in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. It is endemic to the Nicobar Islands. Taxonomy and systematics The Nicobar bulbul was originally described in the genus '' Hypsipetes'' and m ...

(as ''Hypsipetes nicobariensis'', ''Hypsipetes virescens'', or ''Ixocincla virescens'') *

Mountain bulbul The mountain bulbul (''Ixos mcclellandii'') is a songbird species in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. It is often placed in ''Hypsipetes'', but seems to be closer to the type species of the genus ''Ixos'', the Sunda bulbul.Gregory, Steven M. (20 ...

(as ''Hypsipetes mcclellandi'' or ''Hypsipetes mcclellandii'') was often included in ''Hypsipetes'' due to an error that was promoted in modern times by the Sibley taxonomyGregory (2000) * Mountain bulbul (tickelli) (as ''Hypsipetes tickelli'') was often included in ''Hypsipetes'' due to an error that was promoted in modern times by the Sibley taxonomyGregory (2000) * Mountain bulbul (holtii) (as ''Hypsipetes holtii'') was often included in ''Hypsipetes'' due to an error that was promoted in modern times by the Sibley taxonomyGregory (2000) * Streaked bulbul (as ''Hypsipetes malaccensis'') * Sunda bulbul (as ''Hypsipetes virescens)'' was often included in ''Hypsipetes'' due to an error that was promoted in modern times by the Sibley taxonomyGregory (2000) * Seram golden bulbul (as ''Hypsipetes affinis'') *

Ashy bulbul The ashy bulbul (''Hemixos flavala'') is a species of songbird in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. It is found on the Indian subcontinent and in Southeast Asia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropic ...

(as ''Hypsipetes flavalus'') *

Chestnut bulbul The chestnut bulbul or chestnut-backed bulbul (''Hemixos castanonotus'') is a songbird in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. The species was Species description, first described by Robert Swinhoe in 1870. It is found in southern China and northern ...

(as ''Hypsipetes castanonotus'') *

(as ''Hypsipetes thompsoni'')

Notes

References

Sources

* Gregory, Steven M. (2000): Nomenclature of the Hypsipetes Bulbuls (Pycnonotidae). ''

Forktail The forktails are small insectivorous birds in the genus ''Enicurus''. They were formerly in the thrush family, Turdidae, but are more often now treated as part of the Old World flycatcher family, Muscicapidae. Their name derives from their lo ...

'' 16: 164–166
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* Moyle, Robert G. & Marks, Ben D. (2006): Phylogenetic relationships of the bulbuls (Aves: Pycnonotidae) based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data. '' Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.'' 40(3): 687–695. (HTML abstract) * Pasquet, Éric; Han, Lian-Xian; Khobkhet, Obhas & Cibois, Alice (2001): Towards a molecular systematics of the genus ''Criniger'', and a preliminary phylogeny of the bulbuls (Aves, Passeriformes, Pycnonotidae). ''Zoosystema'' 23(4): 857–863
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{{Taxonbar, from=Q749428 Bulbuls Bird genera Taxonomy articles created by Polbot