Jean-André Soulié (October 6, 1858 – December 11, 1905, known in Chinese sources as u Lie was a French

Roman Catholic Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lette ...

missionary sent to

East Tibet Kham (; ) is one of the three traditional Tibetan regions, the others being Amdo in the northeast, and Ü-Tsang in central Tibet. The original residents of Kham are called Khampas (), and were governed locally by chieftains and monasteries. Kham ...

Qing China The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu people, Manchu-led Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin (1616–1636), La ...

. He was killed in a 1905 anti-Catholic revolt.

Biography

Soulié was born in Saint-Juéry,

Aveyron Aveyron (; oc, Avairon; ) is a department in the region of Occitania, Southern France. It was named after the river Aveyron. Its inhabitants are known as ''Aveyronnais'' (masculine) or ''Aveyronnaises'' (feminine) in French. The inhabitants o ...

, on October 6, 1858. He was ordained July 5, 1885, for the Paris Foreign Missions Society and sent in October 1885 to the Apostolic Vicariate of Thibet (now Diocese of Kangding), administered by Mgr Félix Biet. His first mission was to Batang, then at Cha-pa (now Shaba, close to Kanding). He met with his colleagues the French expedition of

Gabriel Bonvalot Pierre Gabriel Édouard Bonvalot (13 July 1853 – 10 December 1933) was a French explorer of Central Asia and Tibet. Bonvalot was born in the commune of Épagne in the Aube department in north-central France. He was the son of Pierre Bonvalo ...

and

Prince Henri of Orléans Prince Henri of Orléans (16 October 1867 – 9 August 1901) was the son of Prince Robert, Duke of Chartres, and Princess Françoise of Orléans. Biography Henri, the second eldest son and third child of Prince Robert, Duke of Chartres, was ...

in June 1890 at Ta-tsien lu (now

Kangding Kangding (), also called Tachienlu and Dartsedo (; ), is a county-level city and the seat of Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan province of Southwest China. Kangding is on the bank of the Dadu River and has been considered the histor ...

). In 1896, he was sent to the mission station of Tse-ku (close to now Yanmen) with Father Jules Dubernard. This village is situated on the right bank of the Lancang (upper

Mekong The Mekong or Mekong River is a trans-boundary river in East Asia and Southeast Asia. It is the world's List of rivers by length, twelfth longest river and List of longest rivers of Asia, the third longest in Asia. Its estimated length is , ...

) river. Afterwards, he moved to Yaregong (now Yarigong Town) where he gained some popularity by practicing medicine among local people.

Death

Soulié was captured, tortured and shot close to Yaregong,

Sichuan Sichuan (; zh, c=, labels=no, ; zh, p=Sìchuān; alternatively romanized as Szechuan or Szechwan; formerly also referred to as "West China" or "Western China" by Protestant missions) is a province in Southwest China occupying most of the ...

, by

lama Lama (; "chief") is a title for a teacher of the Dharma in Tibetan Buddhism. The name is similar to the Sanskrit term ''guru'', meaning "heavy one", endowed with qualities the student will eventually embody. The Tibetan word "lama" means "hi ...

s during the 1905 Tibetan Revolt.

Legacy

As a botanist, Father Soulié collected more than 7,000 species, among them ''

Rosa soulieana ''Rosa soulieana'', or Soulié's rose (川滇蔷薇 chuan dian qiang wei), is a species of flowering plant in the family Rosaceae, native to China (southern Anhui, Chongqing, Sichuan, Tibet, and Yunnan). Growing to tall by broad, it is an extre ...

'', a species of

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsew ...

Rosa Rosa or De Rosa may refer to: People *Rosa (given name) * Rosa (surname) *Santa Rosa (female given name from Latin-a latinized variant of Rose) Places *223 Rosa, an asteroid *Rosa, Alabama, a town, United States * Rosa, Germany, in Thuringia, G ...

'', which was introduced in Europe by Auguste Louis Maurice de Vilmorin, and studied by

Museum d'histoire naturelle The French National Museum of Natural History, known in French as the ' (abbreviation MNHN), is the national natural history museum of France and a ' of higher education part of Sorbonne Universities. The main museum, with four galleries, is loc ...

Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...

, and then by

François Crépin François Crépin (30 October 1830 – 30 April 1903) was an important botanist of the 19th century and director of the National Botanic Garden of Belgium. Crépin was born in Rochefort, Belgium. The genus '' Crepinella'' (Araliaceae) is nam ...

in 1896. Most of Father Soulié's specimens were notably studied and defined by Adrien Franchet. Father Soulié also sent in 1895 the first

seed A seed is an embryonic plant enclosed in a protective outer covering, along with a food reserve. The formation of the seed is a part of the process of reproduction in seed plants, the spermatophytes, including the gymnosperm and angiospe ...

s of ''

Buddleja davidii ''Buddleja davidii'' (spelling variant ''Buddleia davidii''), also called summer lilac, butterfly-bush, or orange eye, is a species of flowering plant in the family Scrophulariaceae, native to Sichuan and Hubei provinces in central China, and als ...

'' to Paris. This decorative shrub was then introduced by Vilmorin and widely distributed in Europe after 1916.Serge Muller (coord.), ''Plantes invasives en France'', Publications scientifiques du MNHN, 2004 (réimpr. Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle), 168 p Around Tsekou and Atentsé (now Yunling), he captured and sent to the French Natural History Museum the first specimens known to science of the

Black snub-nosed monkey The black-and-white snub-nosed monkey (''Rhinopithecus bieti''), also known as the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey, is a large black and white primate that lives only in the southern Chinese province of Yunnan, where it is known to the locals as the Yun ...

, '' Rhinopithecus bieti'', described by Alphonse Milne-Edwards in 1897.

Notes

References

*Françoise Fauconnet-Buzelin, ''Les Martyrs oubliés du Tibet. Chronique d'une rencontre manquée (1855-1940)'', éd. du Cerf, coll. Petit Cerf, Paris, 2012, 656 pages {{DEFAULTSORT:Soulie, Andre 1858 births 1905 deaths French Roman Catholic missionaries 19th-century French botanists Paris Foreign Missions Society missionaries Roman Catholic missionaries in Tibet Roman Catholic missionaries in Sichuan 20th-century Roman Catholic martyrs Deaths by firearm in China People from Aveyron French expatriates in China People murdered in China French people murdered abroad Missionary botanists French torture victims

Biography

Death

Legacy

See also

Notes

References