André d'Allemagne (October 14, 1929 – February 1, 2001) was a translator, political science teacher, essayist and a militant for the independence of
Quebec
Quebec ( ; )According to the Canadian government, ''Québec'' (with the acute accent) is the official name in Canadian French and ''Quebec'' (without the accent) is the province's official name in Canadian English is one of the thirtee ...
from
Canada
Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by tot ...
. Along with some 20 other people including
Marcel Chaput
Marcel Chaput (October 14, 1918 – January 19, 1991
", in ''Bilan du Siècle'', Université de Sherbrooke, retrie ...
and
Jacques Bellemare
Ancient and noble French family names, Jacques, Jacq, or James are believed to originate from the Middle Ages in the historic northwest Brittany region in France, and have since spread around the world over the centuries. To date, there are over ...
, he was a founding member of the
Rassemblement pour l'indépendance nationale (RIN).
Biography
André d'Allemagne was born in Montreal on October 14, 1929. His father was Pierre D'Allemagne and his mother Marie-Hélène Stella Hamelin.
[Jean Gallian,]
Généalogie des familles nobles : d'Allemagne
, in the author's site, retrieved August 8, 2010 His paternal grandfather was baron André d'Allemagne (1865–1960), mayor of the
Belley
Belley () is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France.
History
Belley is of Roman origin, and in the 5th century became an episcopal see. It was the capital of the province of Bugey, which was a dependency of Savoy till 1601, whe ...
commune, in the French département of
Ain
Ain (, ; frp, En) is a department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in Eastern France. Named after the Ain river, it is bordered by the Saône and Rhône rivers. Ain is located on the country's eastern edge, on the Swiss border, where ...
.
He completed his
classical studies at
Collège Stanislas de Montréal between 1940 and 1948. He began studies in linguistics first at
McGill University
McGill University (french: link=no, Université McGill) is an English-language public research university located in Montreal, Quebec
Montreal ( ; officially Montréal, ) is the second-most populous city in Canada and most populous ...
, then later at
Université de Montréal
The Université de Montréal (UdeM; ; translates to University of Montreal) is a French-language public research university in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The university's main campus is located in the Côte-des-Neiges neighborhood of Côte- ...
, where in 1952 he obtained a master's degree for a thesis entitled ''Antagonismes linguistiques chez le bilingue''.
[Réginald Hamel, John Hare, ]Paul Wyczynski Paul Wyczynski, OC, FRSC (June 29, 1921 – November 27, 2008) was a Polish-born Canadian literature scholar who pioneered the study of French Canadian literature. A specialist of the work of Émile Nelligan, he spent his academic career at the ...
,
D'Allemagne, André
, in ''Dictionnaire des auteurs de langue française en Amérique du Nord'', retrieved August 8, 2010
After obtaining his master's degree, he practised the work of translator for the debates division of the
Canadian federal Parliament. Between 1954 and 1964, he also worked as a creative writer and translator for
The Canadian Press
The Canadian Press (CP; french: La Presse canadienne, ) is a Canadian national news agency headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. Established in 1917 as a vehicle for the time's Canadian newspapers to exchange news and information, The Canadian Pre ...
and various advertising agencies in Montreal and Toronto.
In January 1958, he took part in the first simultaneous translation experiment on
CBC/
Société Radio-Canada
The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (french: Société Radio-Canada), branded as CBC/Radio-Canada, is a Canadian public broadcaster for both radio and television. It is a federal Crown corporation that receives funding from the government. ...
. With Andrée Francœur and Blake T. Hanna, two other graduated of Université de Montréal, he interpreted the speeches of speakers for the Congress of the federal
Liberal Party of Canada held in
Ottawa.
In March 1958, the
Alliance laurentienne's review ''Laurentie'' published a letter he sent to the editors. In what is maybe his first political opinion text in favour of the independence of Quebec, he asserted that the centralizing policy of Ottawa since
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...
threatened Quebec's survival and that the autonomist action was globally a failure on top of being insufficient. According to him, the Laurentian State was not only possible, but necessary and urgent. He concluded his text by inviting the partisans of independence not to take position too quickly on the kind of political regime that a "free and renovated Québec" would assume. Whether
socialist
Socialism is a left-wing economic philosophy and movement encompassing a range of economic systems characterized by the dominance of social ownership of the means of production as opposed to private ownership. As a term, it describes the ...
,
capitalist
Capitalism is an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit. Central characteristics of capitalism include capital accumulation, competitive markets, price system, priva ...
or
corporatist
Corporatism is a Collectivism and individualism, collectivist political ideology which advocates the organization of society by Corporate group (sociology), corporate groups, such as agricultural, labour, military, business, scientific, or guil ...
, he said, that State will never materialize if the pro-independence militants fail to achieve unity beyond their opinions on matters of political organization, social doctrines and religious beliefs. Also in March 1958, the ''
McGill Daily
''The McGill Daily'' is an independent student newspaper at McGill University and is entirely run by students. Despite its name, the ''Daily'' has reduced its print publication to once a week, normally on Mondays, in addition to producing online-o ...
'', student paper of McGill University, published one of his texts in a special issue entitled "French Canada Today". In this text he summarized the history of French Canadians for his English-speaking public on the basis of his own readings of historians
Mason Wade,
Thomas B. Costain and
Michel Brunet.
On September 10, 1960, he took part with 20 other people to the foundation of the Rassemblement pour l'indépendance nationale (RIN) which took place at the Auberge Le Châtelet in
Morin Heights
Morin-Heights is a town in the Laurentian Mountains region of Quebec, Canada. It is west of Saint-Sauveur and north of Lachute; municipally, it is within the Regional County Municipality of Les Pays-d'en-Haut.
It is primarily a tourist town, ha ...
in the
Laurentides
The Laurentides () is a region of Quebec. While it is often called the Laurentians in English, the region includes only part of the Laurentian mountains. It has a total land area of and its population was 589,400 inhabitants as of the 2016 Cens ...
. He was elected president of the new organization. The idea that the RIN had to strive to unite French Canadians on the question of national independence beyond political divergences, an idea also shared by vice-president
Marcel Chaput
Marcel Chaput (October 14, 1918 – January 19, 1991
", in ''Bilan du Siècle'', Université de Sherbrooke, retrie ...
, was at the heart of the new organization's action in its early years.
In 1964, the
Association générale des étudiants de l'Université de Montréal (AGÉUM) appointed him technical councillor. He appears as himself in
Denis Héroux
Denis Héroux, (; July 15, 1940 – December 10, 2015) was a Canadian film director and producer.
Biography
Born in Montreal, Quebec, he was the older brother of prolific Quebec film and television producer Claude Héroux.
Héroux wanted to bec ...
's movie ''Jusqu'au cou'' released in December of that year.
The RIN, turned into a
social democrat
Social democracy is a political, social, and economic philosophy within socialism that supports political and economic democracy. As a policy regime, it is described by academics as advocating economic and social interventions to promote soc ...
political party in 1964, presented him for candidate in the
Outremont electoral district during the
Quebec general election of June 5, 1966. He came in second behind
Jérôme Choquette
Jérôme Choquette (; January 25, 1928 – September 1, 2017) was a lawyer and politician in Quebec, Canada. Choquette ran a private law practice, representing various claimants in a wide range of cases from his office on ''Avenue du Parc'', down ...
of the
Parti libéral du Québec
The Quebec Liberal Party (QLP; french: Parti libéral du Québec, PLQ) is a provincial political party in Quebec. It has been independent of the federal Liberal Party of Canada since 1955. The QLP has always been associated with the colour red; e ...
with 3,218 votes (12.67%). His essay ''Le colonialisme au Québec'' was published that year.
After the dissolution of the RIN in 1968, he became a member of the
Parti Québécois
The Parti Québécois (; ; PQ) is a sovereignist and social democratic provincial political party in Quebec, Canada. The PQ advocates national sovereignty for Quebec involving independence of the province of Quebec from Canada and establishin ...
. From 1969, he was teaching political sciences at
Collège de Maisonneuve and retired from active politics.
In 1971, the political science faculty of Université de Montréal granted him a master's degree for his thesis ''Le Rassemblement pour l'indépendance nationale de 1960–1963, étude d'un groupe de pression au Québec''. His thesis was published in 1974 with a preface by sociologist
Marcel Rioux.
He married journalist
Lysiane Gagnon. He had three children with Viviane Racette, his second wife: Nicolas (1976), Catherine (1978) and Anne (1981).
In 1978, he started working on a doctoral thesis of political science under the advisorship of Edmond Orban, professor at Université de Montréal. He abandoned his nearly-complete thesis "for personal and confidential reasons" in May 1980.
He died on February 1, 2001, at the age of 71 years, after suffering from cancer for three years. An adieu ceremony organized by his family was held at the
Société Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Montréal's Maison Ludger-Duvernay on February 6.
In 2002,
Jean-Claude Labrecque
Jean-Claude Labrecque, (June 19, 1938 – May 31, 2019) was a director and cinematographer who learned the basics of filmmaking at the National Film Board of Canada.
Career
Jean-Claude Labrecque was born in Quebec City, Quebec, and trained as ...
directed a historical documentary on the RIN in which one can see archive footage of André D'Allemagne as well as the last interview he gave for the camera.
[Le RIN]
", Cinéma québécois, Télé-Québec, retrieved August 8, 2010
Publications
; Essays
* ''Le Colonialisme au Québec'' (1966)
* ''La Capitulation tranquille. Les «multinationales», pouvoir politique parallèle?'' (1972)
* ''Le R.I.N. de 1960 à 1963. Étude d'un groupe de pression au Québec'' (1974)
* ''Le presque pays'' (1998)
* ''Une idée qui somnolait : écrits sur la souveraineté du Québec depuis les origines du RIN, 1958-2000'' (2000)
; Translations
*
Stanley Bréhaut Ryerson, ''Le Capitalisme et la Confédération. Aux sources du conflit Canada-Québec (1760-1873)'' (1972)
*
Kari Levitt, ''La capitulation tranquille'' (1972)
* Brian Young, ''George-Étienne Cartier, bourgeois montréalais'' (1982)
*
Rae Murphy,
Robert Chodos,
Nick Auf Der Maur
Nick Erik Auf der Maur (April 10, 1942 – April 7, 1998)Downey, Donn. ''Montreal columnist chronicled cancer fight'', A1. '' The Globe and Mail'', April 9, 1998. was a Canadian journalist, politician and "man about town" boulevardier in Montre ...
, ''Brian Mulroney'' (1984)
*
Crawford Brough Macpherson, ''Principes et limites de la démocratie libérale'' (1985)
; Thesis
* ''Antagonismes linguistiques chez le bilingue'' (1952)
* ''Le Rassemblement pour l'indépendance nationale de 1960-1963, étude d'un groupe de pression au Québec'' (1971)
Notes
References
; Monographs
*
*
; Articles
* Réginald Hamel, John Hare, Paul Wyczynski,
D'Allemagne, André in ''Dictionnaire des auteurs de langue française en Amérique du Nord'', Fidès, 1989
* Edmond Orban,
, in ''L'Action nationale'', March 2001
* Jean Delisle,
Fifty Years of Simultaneous Interpretation , in ''Canadian Parliamentary Review'', volume 32, number 2, 2009
;Thesis
* Francis Primeau,
, Département d'histoire de l'Université de Montréal.
* André Primeau, "André d'Allemagne et le projet indépendantiste québécois", in ''Bulletin d'histoire politique'', 12, 1 (2003): 170-92.
* Nicolas Harvey
L'appropriation de l'idéologie anticoloniale par André d'Allemagne et son application au Québec (M.A.), 2003
* Raphaël Chapdelaine,
Le concept de révolution dans le discours indépendantiste des années 1960 au Québec : Décolonisation et révolution chez D'Allemagne', (M.A.), January 2007
;Audio-video
*
Le RIN, le rêve de l'indépendance, ''Téléjournal'', Les Archives de Radio-Canada, 2 min 29 sec, September 9, 2000
*
L'avenir de l'indépendance au Québec, ''Tirez au clair'', Les Archives de Radio-Canada, 57 min 41 sec, August 15, 1968
;Other
*
Communiqué 1er février 2001 : André D’Allemagne n’est plus, site du Premier ministre du Québec
* Jean Gallian,
Généalogie des familles nobles : d'Allemagne, in the author's site, 2009
External links
Bibliography of André D'Allemagne
{{DEFAULTSORT:D'Allemagne, Andre
1929 births
2001 deaths
Quebec political party leaders
McGill University alumni
Université de Montréal alumni
Writers from Montreal
Canadian writers in French
Deaths from cancer