André d'Allemagne (October 14, 1929 – February 1, 2001) was a translator, political science teacher, essayist and a militant for the independence of

Quebec Quebec is Canada's List of Canadian provinces and territories by area, largest province by area. Located in Central Canada, the province shares borders with the provinces of Ontario to the west, Newfoundland and Labrador to the northeast, ...

from

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and territories of Canada, ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's List of coun ...

. Along with some 20 other people including

Marcel Chaput Marcel Chaput (October 14, 1918 – January 19, 1991 The RIN rejoiced at being able to fill up a room under such circumstances. Pierre Bourgault also gave a speech that night.. On May 23, 1961, he again spoke as part of a public meeting organize ...

and Jacques Bellemare, he was a founding member of the

Rassemblement pour l'indépendance nationale The Rassemblement pour l'Indépendance Nationale (; RIN; ) was a political organization dedicated to the promotion of Quebec national Quebec sovereignty movement, independence from Canada. Torn during its existence between different ideological t ...

(RIN).

Biography

André d'Allemagne was born in Montreal on October 14, 1929. His father was Pierre D'Allemagne and his mother Marie-Hélène Stella Hamelin.Jean Gallian,
Généalogie des familles nobles : d'Allemagne
, in the author's site, retrieved August 8, 2010 His paternal grandfather was baron André d'Allemagne (1865–1960), mayor of the

Belley Belley (; Franco-Provençal, Arpitan: ''Bèlê'') is a Subprefectures in France, subprefecture of the Ain Departments of France, department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Regions of France, region, France. It is the capital of the historical regi ...

commune, in the French département of

Ain Ain (, ; ) is a French department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, Eastern France. Named after the Ain river, it is bordered by the Saône and Rhône rivers. Ain is located on the country's eastern edge, on the Swiss border, where it ...

. He completed his

classical studies Classics, also classical studies or Ancient Greek and Roman studies, is the study of classical antiquity. In the Western world, ''classics'' traditionally refers to the study of Ancient Greek and Roman literature and their original languages ...

at Collège Stanislas de Montréal between 1940 and 1948. He began studies in linguistics first at

McGill University McGill University (French: Université McGill) is an English-language public research university in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Founded in 1821 by royal charter,Frost, Stanley Brice. ''McGill University, Vol. I. For the Advancement of Learning, ...

, then later at

Université de Montréal The Université de Montréal (; UdeM; ) is a French-language public research university in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The university's main campus is located in the Côte-des-Neiges neighborhood of Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce on M ...

, where in 1952 he obtained a master's degree for a thesis entitled ''Antagonismes linguistiques chez le bilingue''.Réginald Hamel, John Hare,

Paul Wyczynski Paul Wyczynski, OC, FRSC (June 29, 1921 – November 27, 2008) was a Polish-born Canadian literature scholar who pioneered the study of French Canadian literature. A specialist of the work of Émile Nelligan, he spent his academic career at the ...

,
D'Allemagne, André
, in ''Dictionnaire des auteurs de langue française en Amérique du Nord'', retrieved August 8, 2010 After obtaining his master's degree, he practised the work of translator for the debates division of the Canadian federal Parliament. Between 1954 and 1964, he also worked as a creative writer and translator for

The Canadian Press The Canadian Press (CP; , ) is a Canadian national news agency headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. Established in 1917 as a vehicle for Canadian newspapers to exchange news and information, The Canadian Press has been a privately-held company, pr ...

and various advertising agencies in Montreal and Toronto. In January 1958, he took part in the first simultaneous translation experiment on

CBC CBC may refer to: Media * Cadena Baja California or Grupo Cadena, a radio and television broadcaster in Mexico * Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, Canada's radio and television public broadcaster ** CBC Television ** CBC Radio One ** CBC Music ** ...

Société Radio-Canada The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (), branded as CBC/Radio-Canada, is the Canadian Public broadcasting, public broadcaster for both radio and television. It is a Crown corporation that serves as the national public broadcaster, with its E ...

. With Andrée Francœur and Blake T. Hanna, two other graduated of Université de Montréal, he interpreted the speeches of speakers for the Congress of the federal

Liberal Party of Canada The Liberal Party of Canada (LPC; , ) is a federal political party in Canada. The party espouses the principles of liberalism,McCall, Christina; Stephen Clarkson"Liberal Party". ''The Canadian Encyclopedia''. and generally sits at the Centrism, ...

held in

Ottawa Ottawa is the capital city of Canada. It is located in the southern Ontario, southern portion of the province of Ontario, at the confluence of the Ottawa River and the Rideau River. Ottawa borders Gatineau, Gatineau, Quebec, and forms the cor ...

. In March 1958, the Alliance laurentienne's review ''Laurentie'' published a letter he sent to the editors. In what is maybe his first political opinion text in favour of the independence of Quebec, he asserted that the centralizing policy of Ottawa since

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

threatened Quebec's survival and that the autonomist action was globally a failure on top of being insufficient. According to him, the Laurentian State was not only possible, but necessary and urgent. He concluded his text by inviting the partisans of independence not to take position too quickly on the kind of political regime that a "free and renovated Québec" would assume. Whether

socialist Socialism is an economic ideology, economic and political philosophy encompassing diverse Economic system, economic and social systems characterised by social ownership of the means of production, as opposed to private ownership. It describes ...

capitalist Capitalism is an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their use for the purpose of obtaining profit. This socioeconomic system has developed historically through several stages and is defined by ...

corporatist Corporatism is an ideology and political system of interest representation and policymaking whereby corporate groups, such as agricultural, labour, military, business, scientific, or guild associations, come together and negotiate contracts ...

, he said, that State will never materialize if the pro-independence militants fail to achieve unity beyond their opinions on matters of political organization, social doctrines and religious beliefs. Also in March 1958, the ''

McGill Daily ''The McGill Daily'' is an independent student newspaper at McGill University and is entirely run by students. Despite its name, the ''Daily'' has reduced its print publication to once a week, normally on Mondays, in addition to producing online- ...

'', student paper of McGill University, published one of his texts in a special issue entitled "French Canada Today". In this text he summarized the history of French Canadians for his English-speaking public on the basis of his own readings of historians

Mason Wade Mason may refer to: Occupations * Mason, brick mason, or bricklayer, a worker who lays bricks to assist in brickwork, or who lays any combination of stones, bricks, cinder blocks, or similar pieces * Stone mason, a craftsman in the stone-cutti ...

, Thomas B. Costain and

Michel Brunet Michel Brunet may refer to: * Michel Brunet (historian) (1917–1985), Canadian historian * Michel Brunet (paleontologist) Michel Brunet (born April 6, 1940) is a French paleontologist and a professor at the Collège de France between 2008 and 20 ...

. On September 10, 1960, he took part with 20 other people to the foundation of the Rassemblement pour l'indépendance nationale (RIN) which took place at the Auberge Le Châtelet in Morin Heights in the

Laurentides The Laurentides (, ) is a region of Quebec. While it is often called the Laurentians in English, the region includes only part of the Laurentian Mountains. It has a total land area of and its population was 589,400 inhabitants as of the 2016 C ...

. He was elected president of the new organization. The idea that the RIN had to strive to unite French Canadians on the question of national independence beyond political divergences, an idea also shared by vice-president

, was at the heart of the new organization's action in its early years. In 1964, the Association générale des étudiants de l'Université de Montréal (AGÉUM) appointed him technical councillor. He appears as himself in

Denis Héroux Denis Héroux, (; 15 July 1940 – 10 December 2015) was a Canadian film director and producer. Biography Born in Montreal, Quebec, he was the older brother of prolific Quebec film and television producer Claude Héroux. Héroux wanted to beco ...

's movie '' Over My Head (Jusqu'au cou)'', released in December of that year. The RIN, turned into a

social democrat Social democracy is a Social philosophy, social, Economic ideology, economic, and political philosophy within socialism that supports Democracy, political and economic democracy and a gradualist, reformist, and democratic approach toward achi ...

political party in 1964, presented him for candidate in the Outremont electoral district during the Quebec general election of June 5, 1966. He came in second behind

Jérôme Choquette Jérôme Choquette (; January 25, 1928 – September 1, 2017) was a lawyer and politician in Quebec, Canada. Choquette ran a private law practice, representing various claimants in a wide range of cases from his office on ''Avenue du Parc'', dow ...

of the

Parti libéral du Québec The Quebec Liberal Party (QLP; , PLQ) is a provincial political party in Quebec. It has been independent of the federal Liberal Party of Canada since 1955. The QLP has traditionally supported a form of Quebec federalist ideology with nuan ...

with 3,218 votes (12.67%). His essay ''Le colonialisme au Québec'' was published that year. After the dissolution of the RIN in 1968, he became a member of the

Parti Québécois The Parti Québécois (PQ; , ) is a sovereignist and social democratic provincial political party in Quebec, Canada. The PQ advocates national sovereignty for Quebec involving independence of the province of Quebec from Canada and establishi ...

. From 1969, he was teaching political sciences at

Collège de Maisonneuve Collège de Maisonneuve (; or Cégep de Maisonneuve) is a francophone public pre-university and technical college located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Partnerships The College is affiliated with the ACCC, and CCAA. History In 1967, several ...

and retired from active politics. In 1971, the political science faculty of Université de Montréal granted him a master's degree for his thesis ''Le Rassemblement pour l'indépendance nationale de 1960–1963, étude d'un groupe de pression au Québec''. His thesis was published in 1974 with a preface by sociologist Marcel Rioux. He married journalist Lysiane Gagnon. He had three children with Viviane Racette, his second wife: Nicolas (1976), Catherine (1978) and Anne (1981). In 1978, he started working on a doctoral thesis of political science under the advisorship of Edmond Orban, professor at Université de Montréal. He abandoned his nearly-complete thesis "for personal and confidential reasons" in May 1980. He died on February 1, 2001, at the age of 71 years, after suffering from cancer for three years. An adieu ceremony organized by his family was held at the Société Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Montréal's Maison Ludger-Duvernay on February 6. In 2002,

Jean-Claude Labrecque Jean-Claude Labrecque, (June 19, 1938 – May 31, 2019) was a Film director, director and cinematographer who learned the basics of filmmaking at the National Film Board of Canada. Career Jean-Claude Labrecque was born in Quebec City, Quebec, a ...

directed a historical documentary on the RIN in which one can see archive footage of André D'Allemagne as well as the last interview he gave for the camera.Le RIN
", Cinéma québécois, Télé-Québec, retrieved August 8, 2010

Publications

; Essays * ''Le Colonialisme au Québec'' (1966) * ''La Capitulation tranquille. Les «multinationales», pouvoir politique parallèle?'' (1972) * ''Le R.I.N. de 1960 à 1963. Étude d'un groupe de pression au Québec'' (1974) * ''Le presque pays'' (1998) * ''Une idée qui somnolait : écrits sur la souveraineté du Québec depuis les origines du RIN, 1958-2000'' (2000) ; Translations *

Stanley Bréhaut Ryerson Stanley Bréhaut Egerton Ryerson (March 12, 1911 – 25 April 1998) was a Canadian historian, educator, political activist. His parents were Edward Stanley Ryerson and Tessie De Vigne, a well-off middle-class family in Toronto. Ryerson could ...

, ''Le Capitalisme et la Confédération. Aux sources du conflit Canada-Québec (1760-1873)'' (1972) * Kari Levitt, ''La capitulation tranquille'' (1972) * Brian Young, ''George-Étienne Cartier, bourgeois montréalais'' (1982) * Rae Murphy, Robert Chodos,

Nick Auf Der Maur Nikolaus Erik Auf der Maur (April 10, 1942 – April 7, 1998)Downey, Donn. ''Montreal columnist chronicled cancer fight'', A1. ''The Globe and Mail'', April 9, 1998. was a Canadian journalist and politician from Montreal, Quebec. He was the fa ...

, ''Brian Mulroney'' (1984) * Crawford Brough Macpherson, ''Principes et limites de la démocratie libérale'' (1985) ; Thesis * ''Antagonismes linguistiques chez le bilingue'' (1952) * ''Le Rassemblement pour l'indépendance nationale de 1960-1963, étude d'un groupe de pression au Québec'' (1971)

Notes

References

; Monographs * * ; Articles * Réginald Hamel, John Hare, Paul Wyczynski,
D'Allemagne, André
in ''Dictionnaire des auteurs de langue française en Amérique du Nord'', Fidès, 1989 * Edmond Orban,

, in ''L'Action nationale'', March 2001 * Jean Delisle,
Fifty Years of Simultaneous Interpretation
, in ''Canadian Parliamentary Review'', volume 32, number 2, 2009 ;Thesis * Francis Primeau,

, Département d'histoire de l'Université de Montréal. * André Primeau, "André d'Allemagne et le projet indépendantiste québécois", in ''Bulletin d'histoire politique'', 12, 1 (2003): 170-92. * Nicolas Harvey
L'appropriation de l'idéologie anticoloniale par André d'Allemagne et son application au Québec
(M.A.), 2003 * Raphaël Chapdelaine,
Le concept de révolution dans le discours indépendantiste des années 1960 au Québec : Décolonisation et révolution chez D'Allemagne
', (M.A.), January 2007 ;Audio-video *
Le RIN, le rêve de l'indépendance
, ''Téléjournal'', Les Archives de Radio-Canada, 2 min 29 sec, September 9, 2000 *
L'avenir de l'indépendance au Québec
", ''Tirez au clair'', Les Archives de Radio-Canada, 57 min 41 sec, August 15, 1968 ;Other *
Communiqué 1er février 2001 : André D’Allemagne n’est plus
, site du Premier ministre du Québec * Jean Gallian,
Généalogie des familles nobles : d'Allemagne
, in the author's site, 2009

External links

Bibliography of André D'Allemagne
{{DEFAULTSORT:D'Allemagne, Andre 1929 births 2001 deaths Quebec political party leaders McGill University alumni Université de Montréal alumni Writers from Montreal Canadian writers in French Deaths from cancer