Andriy Ivanovych Voynarovsky (1689 - 1740) was a member of the
Zaporozhian Army during 1701–1716. He is the nephew
[ and heir of ]Hetman
( uk, гетьман, translit=het'man) is a political title from Central and Eastern Europe, historically assigned to military commanders.
Used by the Czechs in Bohemia since the 15th century. It was the title of the second-highest military co ...
Ivan Mazepa
Ivan Stepanovych Mazepa (also spelled Mazeppa; uk, Іван Степанович Мазепа, pl, Jan Mazepa Kołodyński; ) was a Ukrainian military, political, and civic leader who served as the Hetman of Zaporizhian Host in 1687–1708. ...
through his maternal line.
Biography
Andriy is the son of the nobleman
Nobility is a social class found in many societies that have an aristocracy. It is normally ranked immediately below royalty. Nobility has often been an estate of the realm with many exclusive functions and characteristics. The characteris ...
Jan Voynarovsky from his second marriage to Oleksandra Mazepa, the sister of Hetman Ivan Mazepa. He was brought up at the hetman's court of his uncle. He studied at the Kyiv-Mohyla Collegium and the University of Dresden (Saxony
Saxony (german: Sachsen ; Upper Saxon: ''Saggsn''; hsb, Sakska), officially the Free State of Saxony (german: Freistaat Sachsen, links=no ; Upper Saxon: ''Freischdaad Saggsn''; hsb, Swobodny stat Sakska, links=no), is a landlocked state of ...
). For some time he was at the court of King Augustus II the Strong
Augustus II; german: August der Starke; lt, Augustas II; in Saxony also known as Frederick Augustus I – Friedrich August I (12 May 16701 February 1733), most commonly known as Augustus the Strong, was Elector of Saxony from 1694 as well as K ...
.Left-bank Ukraine
Left-bank Ukraine ( uk, Лівобережна Україна, translit=Livoberezhna Ukrayina; russian: Левобережная Украина, translit=Levoberezhnaya Ukraina; pl, Lewobrzeżna Ukraina) is a historic name of the part of Ukrain ...
, trustee of the hetman, an active participant in his anti-Moscow actions.
In 1708, with Mazepa and a group of officers, he sided with King Charles XII of Sweden.
After the defeat of the Swedes in the Battle of Poltava
The Battle of Poltava; russian: Полта́вская би́тва; uk, Полта́вська би́тва (8 July 1709) was the decisive and largest battle of the Great Northern War. A Russian army under the command of Tsar Peter I defeat ...
in 1709, he emigrated
Emigration is the act of leaving a resident country or place of residence with the intent to settle elsewhere (to permanently leave a country). Conversely, immigration describes the movement of people into one country from another (to permanentl ...
to Bender (Principality of Moldova
Moldavia ( ro, Moldova, or , literally "The Country of Moldavia"; in Romanian Cyrillic: or ; chu, Землѧ Молдавскаѧ; el, Ἡγεμονία τῆς Μολδαβίας) is a historical region and former principality in Centr ...
), and from there to Germany.
He was considered a Cossack senior officer as one of the contenders for the hetman's mace, along with such candidates as Pylyp Orlyk
Pylyp Stepanovych Orlyk ( uk, Пилип Степанович Орлик, pl, Filip Orlik; October 11 (21), 1672 – May 26, 1742) was a Zaporozhian Cossack starshyna, Hetman of Ukraine in exile, diplomat, secretary and close associate of Hetm ...
and Kost Hordiyenko
Kost Hordiyenko ( uk, Кость Гордієнко, translit=Kost Hordiienko) (unknown - 15 May 1733) was a Zaporozhian Cossack Kosh otaman. After 1709 he allied with Ivan Mazepa, and co-authored the Constitution of Pylyp Orlyk.
Hordiyenko was ...
. After Mazepa's death and the acquisition of his wealth (which were recognized by Charles XII as private property, not the property of the Zaporozhian Cossacks), Voynarovsky became indifferent to the hetmanship and the government in general. He put private interests above public ones. He was smart, educated, but unpretentious in resolving issues (bribing witnesses and so on).
From 1710 to 1711, together with Philip Orlyk, Voynarovsky encouraged the governments of the Ottoman Empire, the Crimean Khanate
The Crimean Khanate ( crh, , or ), officially the Great Horde and Desht-i Kipchak () and in old European historiography and geography known as Little Tartary ( la, Tartaria Minor), was a Crimean Tatar state existing from 1441 to 1783, the long ...
and a number of European countries to war with the Moscow Empire, and he tried to form an anti-Moscow coalition of European states.
In 1716, by order of Peter the Great, Voynarovsky was forcibly abducted and taken to the Moscow consul in Hamburg
(male), (female) en, Hamburger(s),
Hamburgian(s)
, timezone1 = Central (CET)
, utc_offset1 = +1
, timezone1_DST = Central (CEST)
, utc_offset1_DST = +2
, postal ...
(Germany),[ after which he was sent to ]Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
, although Voynarovsky was never a citizen of Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 millio ...
. He was imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress until 1723. From there he was exiled to Yakutsk
Yakutsk (russian: Якутск, p=jɪˈkutsk; sah, Дьокуускай, translit=Djokuuskay, ) is the capital city of the Sakha Republic, Russia, located about south of the Arctic Circle. Fueled by the mining industry, Yakutsk has become one ...
, Siberia
Siberia ( ; rus, Сибирь, r=Sibir', p=sʲɪˈbʲirʲ, a=Ru-Сибирь.ogg) is an extensive region, geographical region, constituting all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. It has been a ...
, Russia where he died in 1740.
In literature
"Voynarovsky" is a poem by Kondraty Ryleyev
Kondraty Fyodorovich Ryleyev, also spelled Kondraty Feodorovich Ryleev (, September 29 (September 18 O.S.), 1795 – July 25 (July 13 O.S.), 1826) was a Russian poet, publisher, and a leader of the Decembrist Revolt, which attempted to over ...
.
References
External links
Family tree
{{authority control
1689 births
1740 deaths
National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy alumni
Ivan Mazepa
People from Bender, Moldova
People from Yakutsk
Russian exiles to Siberia
Prisoners of the Peter and Paul Fortress