Sir Andrew James McMichael, (born 8 November 1943) is an immunologist, Professor of Molecular Medicine, and previously Director of the

Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine The MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine at the University of Oxford is a research institute located at the John Radcliffe Hospital in Oxford. Founded in 1989 by Sir David Weatherall, the institute focuses on furthering our understand ...

at the

University of Oxford , mottoeng = The Lord is my light , established = , endowment = £6.1 billion (including colleges) (2019) , budget = £2.145 billion (2019–20) , chancellor ...

. He is particularly known for his work on

T cell A T cell is a type of lymphocyte. T cells are one of the important white blood cells of the immune system and play a central role in the adaptive immune response. T cells can be distinguished from other lymphocytes by the presence of a T-cell r ...

responses to viral infections such as

influenza Influenza, commonly known as "the flu", is an infectious disease caused by influenza viruses. Symptoms range from mild to severe and often include fever, runny nose, sore throat, muscle pain, headache, coughing, and fatigue. These symptoms ...

and

HIV The human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) are two species of ''Lentivirus'' (a subgroup of retrovirus) that infect humans. Over time, they cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a condition in which progressive failure of the immune ...

Early life and education

McMichael was born in London on 8 November 1943 to

Sir John McMichael Sir John McMichael FRSE LLD (1904-1993) was a 20th-century Scottish cardiologist. He developed the Royal Post Graduate Medical School at Hammersmith. Life He was born on 25 July 1904 in Gatehouse of Fleet in Kirkcudbrightshire, the son of a but ...

and Joan Catherine. He went to school at

St Pauls St Paul's Cathedral is an Anglican cathedral in London and is the seat of the Bishop of London. The cathedral serves as the mother church of the Diocese of London. It is on Ludgate Hill at the highest point of the City of London and is a Grad ...

and then to the

University of Cambridge , mottoeng = Literal: From here, light and sacred draughts. Non literal: From this place, we gain enlightenment and precious knowledge. , established = , other_name = The Chancellor, Masters and Schola ...

Gonville and Caius College Gonville and Caius College, often referred to simply as Caius ( ), is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England. Founded in 1348, it is the fourth-oldest of the University of Cambridge's 31 colleges and one of th ...

to study medicine (1962–1968). He went on to complete a PhD at the

National Institute for Medical Research The National Institute for Medical Research (commonly abbreviated to NIMR), was a medical research institute based in Mill Hill, on the outskirts of north London, England. It was funded by the Medical Research Council (MRC); In 2016, the NIMR b ...

supervised by 'Ita' Brigitte Askonas and Alan Williamson. His thesis, published in 1975, is entitled ''The clonal expression of antibody-forming cells''.

Career and research

After his PhD McMichael completed his postdoctoral research supervised by

Hugh McDevitt Hugh O'Neill McDevitt ForMemRS (26 August 1930 – 28 April 2022) was an immunologist and Professor of Microbiology and Immunology at Stanford University School of Medicine. Academic career After receiving his M.D. from Harvard University in 1955 ...

Stanford University Stanford University, officially Leland Stanford Junior University, is a private research university in Stanford, California. The campus occupies , among the largest in the United States, and enrolls over 17,000 students. Stanford is consider ...

. In 1977 he returned to the UK to study the T cell response to HIV infection. His research group have created two HIV vaccines which were tested in phase I clinical trials. McMichael became director of the

in 2000, and remained so until 2012. He founded the MRC Human Immunology Unit in 1998 as honorary director until 2010. McMichael has supervised over 55 DPhil students over his career, many of whom have gone on to become leading immunologists themselves: * Douglas F. Nixon, Professor of Immunology in Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College. * Malegapuru Makgoba, Professor of Immunology and former Vice-Chancellor & Principal of the University of KwaZulu-Natal. * Matilu Mwau Professor and Executive Director of the Consortium for National Health Research * Paul Bowness, Professor of Experimental Rheymatology * Awen Gallimore, Professor of Cancer Immunology * Paul Klenerman, Sidney Truelove Professor of Gastroenterology *

Dan Barouch Dan Barouch is an American physician, immunologist, and virologist. He is known for his work on the pathogenesis and immunology of viral infections and the development of vaccine strategies for global infectious diseases. Education and career Dan ...

, Professor of Medicine and Director of the Center for Virology and Vaccine Research at Harvard Medical School * Sophie Hambleton, Professor of Paediatrics & Immunology *

Suranjith Seneviratne Suranjith Seneviratne is a doctor from Sri Lanka who practices in allergology and immunology. Education Seneviratne completed his basic Medical Degree with First Class Honours, eight distinctions and ten gold medals and was his year's valedicto ...

, Professor, Director of the Centre for Mast Cell Disorders and the President of the UK-Sri Lanka Immunology Foundation. * Ling-Pei Ho, Professor of Respiratory Immunology In addition McMichael supervised postdoctoral researchers, including Tomáš Hanke (Professor of Vaccine Immunology), and Sarah Rowland-Jones (Professor of Immunology).

Awards and honours

Fellow of the Royal Society Fellowship of the Royal Society (FRS, ForMemRS and HonFRS) is an award granted by the judges of the Royal Society of London to individuals who have made a "substantial contribution to the improvement of natural science, natural knowledge, incl ...

(1992) * Member of the

European Molecular Biology Organisation The European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) is a professional, non-profit organization of more than 1,800 life scientists. Its goal is to promote research in life science and enable international exchange between scientists. It co-funds cour ...

(2004) *

Novartis Prize for Basic Immunology The Novartis Prizes for Immunology were established in 1990 by Sandoz to honour outstanding research in immunology, and expanded to their current form in 1992. Prizes for basic and clinical immunology are awarded every 3 years. A special prize was ...

(1998) * Rose Payne Distinguished Scientist award (1998) *

Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences Fellowship of the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci) is an award for medical scientists who are judged by the UK Academy of Medical Sciences for the "excellence of their science, their contribution to medicine and society and the range of th ...

(1998) * Sheikh Hamdan Award (2000) * Ambuj Nath Bose Prize,

Royal College of Physicians The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) is a British professional membership body dedicated to improving the practice of medicine, chiefly through the accreditation of physicians by examination. Founded by royal charter from King Henry VIII in 1 ...

(2001) * Ernst Chain Prize (2006) * Nature/NESTA Award for Lifetime Mentoring (2006) *

Knighthood A knight is a person granted an honorary title of knighthood by a head of state (including the Pope) or representative for service to the monarch, the church or the country, especially in a military capacity. Knighthood finds origins in the Gr ...

for services to medical science (2008)

Personal life

In 1968 McMichael married Kathryn 'Kate' Elizabeth Cross, they have two sons and one daughter. McMichael enjoys walking and skiing at his house in La Salle les Alpes, France.

Notable works

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:McMichael, Andrew 1943 births Living people Fellows of the Royal Society Knights Bachelor People educated at St Paul's School, London Alumni of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge