![SmatheRyabushkin](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/SmatheRyabushkin.jpg)
Andrei Petrovich Ryabushkin (russian: Андре́й Петро́вич Ря́бушкин; – ) was a Russian
painter
Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a solid surface (called the "matrix" or "support"). The medium is commonly applied to the base with a brush, but other implements, such as knives, sponges, and ai ...
. His major works were devoted to life of ordinary Russians of the 17th century.
Biography
![Диакон](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD.jpg)
Andrey Petrovich Ryabushkin was born in the village Stanichnaya sloboda, Borisoglebskiy
uezd
An uezd (also spelled uyezd; rus, уе́зд, p=ʊˈjest), or povit in a Ukrainian context ( uk, повіт), or Kreis in Baltic-German context, was a type of administrative subdivision of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, the Russian Empire, and the ea ...
,
Tambov
Tambov (, ; rus, Тамбов, p=tɐmˈbof) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative center of Tambov Oblast, Central Federal District, central Russia, at the confluence of the Tsna River (Moksha basin), Tsna and ...
gubernia
A governorate, gubernia, province, or government ( rus, губе́рния, p=ɡʊˈbʲɛrnʲɪjə, also romanized ; uk, губернія, huberniia), was a major and principal administrative subdivision of the Russian Empire. After the empir ...
in 1861. His father and brother were
icon
An icon () is a religious work of art, most commonly a painting, in the cultures of the Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, and Catholic churches. They are not simply artworks; "an icon is a sacred image used in religious devotion". The most ...
painters, and he started to help them from his early childhood. At 14 years old he became an orphan. A student of
A. Kh. Preobrazhensky, who spent the summer in the village, happened to see the boy’s drawings and was greatly impressed by them. He started to give him lessons and helped him to enter the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. Ryabushkin was one of the youngest student of the school at all times.
Ryabushkin stayed for seven years (1875–82) in the Moscow School, learning from
Vasily Perov
Vasily Grigorevich Perov (russian: Васи́лий Григо́рьевич Перо́в; 2 January 1834 (21 December 1833 Old Style, O.S.) – 10 June (29 May O.S.) 1882) was a Russian painter, a key figure of the Russian Realism (arts), R ...
and
Illarion Pryanishnikov
Illarion Mikhailovich Pryanishnikov (russian: Илларио́н Миха́йлович Пря́нишников; – ) was a Russian painter, one of the founders of the Peredvizhniki artistic cooperative, which broke away from the rigors ...
. His first large work ''Peasant Wedding'' was bought by
Pavel Tretyakov
Pavel Mikhaylovich Tretyakov (russian: Па́вел Миха́йлович Третьяко́в; 27 December 1832 – 16 December 1898) was a Russian businessman, patron of art, collector, and philanthropist who gave his name to the Tretyakov Ga ...
in 1880. After the death of Vasiliy Perov, Ryabushkin moved to
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
in 1882, and entered the
Imperial Academy of Arts
The Russian Academy of Arts, informally known as the Saint Petersburg Academy of Arts, was an art academy in Saint Petersburg, founded in 1757 by the founder of the Imperial Moscow University Ivan Shuvalov under the name ''Academy of the Thre ...
where he learned from
Pavel Chistyakov
Pavel Petrovich Chistyakov (russian: Павел Петрович Чистяков; 5 July 1832, Prudy, Vesyegonsky Uyezd, Tver Governorate — 11 November 1919, Saint Petersburg) was a Russian Imperial painter and art teacher; known for historical ...
. The classes soon disappointed him, however, and he began to spend more and more time either in the library of the academy or sketching in the streets.
His studies at the academy came to an end in 1892. He did not receive an award for his diploma work, ''Descent from the Cross'', as was expected, because he did not follow the approved project. But the work was so good that the president of the academy,
Grand Duke
Grand duke (feminine: grand duchess) is a European hereditary title, used either by certain monarchs or by members of certain monarchs' families. In status, a grand duke traditionally ranks in order of precedence below an emperor, as an approxi ...
Vladimir Alexandrovich, provided Ryabushkin with a stipend for travel and studies abroad from his own means. Instead of going to
Italy
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...
or
Paris
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...
, Ryabushkin chose to make a tour of ancient Russian towns (
Novgorod
Veliky Novgorod ( rus, links=no, Великий Новгород, t=Great Newtown, p=vʲɪˈlʲikʲɪj ˈnovɡərət), also known as just Novgorod (), is the largest city and administrative centre of Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is one of the ol ...
,
Kiev
Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the List of European cities by populat ...
,
Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
,
Uglich
Uglich ( rus, У́глич, p=ˈuɡlʲɪtɕ) is a historic town in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, located on the Volga River. Population:
History
The city was first documented in 1148 as ''Ugliche Pole'' (''Corner Field''). The town's name is though ...
,
Yaroslavl
Yaroslavl ( rus, Ярослáвль, p=jɪrɐˈsɫavlʲ) is a city and the administrative center of Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, located northeast of Moscow. The historic part of the city is a World Heritage Site, and is located at the confluence ...
). The inhabitants of them became his first models and his first critics. He studied the old architecture, items of folk crafts, old weapons, fabrics, tapestries, embroidery, icons, etc. He read ancient books, collected folklore.
![Andrei Ryabushkin - Seventeenth-Century Moscow Street on a Public Holiday - Google Art Project detail2](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Andrei_Ryabushkin_-_Seventeenth-Century_Moscow_Street_on_a_Public_Holiday_-_Google_Art_Project_detail2.jpg)
He took part in
Peredvizhniki
Peredvizhniki ( rus, Передви́жники, , pʲɪrʲɪˈdvʲiʐnʲɪkʲɪ), often called The Wanderers or The Itinerants in English, were a group of Russian realist artists who formed an artists' cooperative in protest of academic restr ...
exhibitions in 1890, 1892 and 1894 but later broke with the movement.
In the 1890s he lived and worked in the estate of his friend V.F. Tymenev in town of
Lyuban (Novgorod gubernia, now Leningrad oblast). In 1901 he built a studio in a village of Didvino close to Lubvino and the estate of his friend I. Belyaev.
![Ryabushkin tea](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Ryabushkin_tea.JPG)
His paintings were mostly devoted to the 17th century. He also worked on frescoes for
Saint Sophia Cathedral in Novgorod
The Cathedral of Holy Wisdom (the Holy Wisdom, Holy Wisdom of God) in Veliky Novgorod is the cathedral church of the Archbishop of Novgorod, Metropolitan of Novgorod and the mother church of the Novgorodian Eparchy.
History
The 38-metre-high, fiv ...
and
mosaic
A mosaic is a pattern or image made of small regular or irregular pieces of colored stone, glass or ceramic, held in place by plaster/mortar, and covering a surface. Mosaics are often used as floor and wall decoration, and were particularly pop ...
s for the
Church of the Savior on Blood in Saint Petersburg. There are 24 of his mosaics on the walls of Church of the Savior on Blood (17 inside and seven outside) (1897–1900). In the later 19th century he became interested in the life of contemporary Russian peasants (such paintings as ''
Tea-Drinking'' and ''
A Young Man Breaking into the Girls' Dance'').
The deep study of history made his paintings very reliable, but they did not evoke any sympathy in his contemporaries. Unlike
Vasily Surikov
Vasily Ivanovich Surikov (Russian: Василий Иванович Суриков; 24 January 1848 – 19 March 1916) was a Russian Realist history painter. Many of his works have become familiar to the general public through their use as illus ...
, who used the dramatic historical episodes as his subjects, Ryabushkin painted everyday life of the 17th century. His works lack action, they do not depict social conflicts, as the
democrats liked. On the other hand, they are not so “beautiful” to reflect the tastes of the rich conservatives. Nobody knew where to place Ryabushkin’s paintings and just did not accept them.
In 1903 Ryabushkin was diagnosed with
tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by '' Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' (MTB) bacteria. Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but it can also affect other parts of the body. Most infections show no symptoms, in ...
. He went to
Switzerland
). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel ...
for treatment but it did not help. He died in his studio in Didvino on 27 April 1904. He is buried in
Lyuban, and his tomb is protected as a cultural monument.
More selected works
File:Воскресный_день.jpg, Sunday. 1889
File:Tsar_boyar_duma.jpg, Session of Tsar Mikhail Feodorvich with his boyar
A boyar or bolyar was a member of the highest rank of the Feudalism, feudal nobility in many Eastern European states, including Kievan Rus', Bulgarian Empire, Bulgaria, Russian nobility, Russia, Boyars of Moldavia and Wallachia, Wallachia and ...
s in his State Chamber. 1893
File:Andrei_Ryabushkin_-_Seventeenth-Century_Moscow_Street_on_a_Public_Holiday_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg, A 17th-century Moscow Street on a Holiday. 1895
File:Ryabushkin merchant 17.JPG, Merchant Family in the 17th century. 1896
File:Стрелецкий дозор у Ильинских ворот в старой Москве.jpg, Strelets
, image = 01 106 Book illustrations of Historical description of the clothes and weapons of Russian troops.jpg
, image_size =
, alt =
, caption =
, dates = 1550–1720
, disbanded =
, country = Tsardom of Russia
, allegiance = Streltsy D ...
Patrol at the Ilyinsky Gates in Old Moscow. 1897
File:Ryabushkin waiting tsar.JPG, Waiting for the Tzar 1901
File:Свадебный_поезд_в_Москве.jpg, Wedding Train in the 17th century Moscow. 1901
File:Ryabushkin dance.jpg, A Young Man Breaking into the Girls' Dance, and the Old Women are in Panic. 1902
File:Новгородская_церковь.jpg, Novgorod Church. 1903
See also
*
List of Russian artists
References
Notes
Sources
* V.N. Alexandrov ''History of Russian Art'', Minsk, 2004,
External links
On-line gallery of Ryabushkin worksin Russian
Ðÿáóøêèí Àíäðåé Ïåòðîâè÷at www.cathedral.ru
at www.krugosvet.ru
Topography of mosaics in the Church of Savior on Spilled Blood
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ryabushkin, Andrei
1861 births
1904 deaths
20th-century deaths from tuberculosis
19th-century painters from the Russian Empire
Russian male painters
20th-century Russian painters
Peredvizhniki
Tuberculosis deaths in Russia
19th-century male artists from the Russian Empire
20th-century Russian male artists
Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture alumni