Andrea Salvadori (1591 – buried 25 August 1634) was an Italian poet and

librettist A libretto (Italian for "booklet") is the text used in, or intended for, an extended musical work such as an opera, operetta, masque, oratorio, cantata or musical. The term ''libretto'' is also sometimes used to refer to the text of major litu ...

. He was born in

Florence Florence ( ; it, Firenze ) is a city in Central Italy and the capital city of the Tuscany Regions of Italy, region. It is the most populated city in Tuscany, with 383,083 inhabitants in 2016, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.Bilan ...

and educated at the

Collegio Romano The Roman College ( la, Collegium Romanum, it, Collegio Romano) was a school established by St. Ignatius of Loyola in 1551, just 11 years after he founded the Society of Jesus (Jesuits). It quickly grew to include classes from elementary school t ...

in Rome. From 1616 until his death in Florence at the age of 43, he was the principal court poet to the Medici family.Harness (2001) In addition to numerous theatrical entertainments and poems, he wrote the libretti for five

opera Opera is a form of theatre in which music is a fundamental component and dramatic roles are taken by singers. Such a "work" (the literal translation of the Italian word "opera") is typically a collaboration between a composer and a libr ...

s, four of which have survived, although only ''

La Flora ''La Flora, o vero Il natal de' fiori'' (Flora, or The Birth of Flowers) is an opera in a prologue and five acts composed by Marco da Gagliano and Jacopo Peri to a libretto by Andrea Salvadori. It was first performed on 14 October 1628 at the Teatr ...

'' composed by

Marco da Gagliano Marco da Gagliano (1 May 1582 – 25 February 1643) was an Italian composer of the early Baroque era. He was important in the early history of opera and the development of the solo and concerted madrigal. Life He was born in Florence and li ...

and

Jacopo Peri Jacopo Peri (20 August 156112 August 1633), known under the pseudonym Il Zazzerino, was an Italian composer and singer of the transitional period between the Renaissance and Baroque styles, and is often called the inventor of opera. He wrote th ...

has an extant score. He was married twice, first to Emilia Rigogli by whom he had three sons and then to the painter Alessandra Furini. A collection of Salvadori's principal works curated by his son Francesco was published in 1668.

Life and career

Salvadori was born in Florence in 1591. Like his fellow poet Gabriello Chiabrera, he was educated by the

Jesuits , image = Ihs-logo.svg , image_size = 175px , caption = ChristogramOfficial seal of the Jesuits , abbreviation = SJ , nickname = Jesuits , formation = , founders = ...

at the

in Rome with financial support from

Cosimo II de' Medici Cosimo II de' Medici (12 May 1590 – 28 February 1621) was Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1609 until his death. He was the elder son of Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Christina of Lorraine. For the majority of his twelve-ye ...

. Described by the 19th century Italian philologist Francesco Trucchi as "gifted in the sciences, very erudite and well-versed in Latin and Greek", Salvadori was a member of both the Accademia Fiorentina and the Accademia della Crusca by 1608. He began working for the Medici family in 1613 when he collaborated with four other poets to write verses for a mock battle performed in honour of the visiting

Duke of Urbino The Duchy of Urbino was an independent duchy in early modern central Italy, corresponding to the northern half of the modern region of Marche. It was directly annexed by the Papal States in 1625. It was bordered by the Adriatic Sea in the east ...

. In 1616 he was given a permanent position as the principal court poet. In that capacity he provided the texts and libretti for numerous musical spectacles and court entertainments both sacred and secular, many of them marking royal occasions. One of the distinguishing features of Salvadori's opera libretti was his extensive use of the chorus not only to conclude each act but also to link scenes within an act or to frame the singers' solo pieces. He was a pioneer in the sacred opera genre ('' azione sacra'') for which he wrote ''La regina Sant'Orsola'' (The Queen

Saint Ursula Saint Ursula (Latin for 'little female bear', german: link=no, Heilige Ursula) is a legendary Romano-British Christian saint who died on 21 October 383. Her feast day in the pre-1970 General Roman Calendar is 21 October. There is little in ...

) in 1624 and ''Istoria di Iudit'' (The story of Judith) in 1626. According to musicologist Kelley Harness, ''La istoria di Iudit'' was the basis for

Martin Opitz Martin Opitz von Boberfeld (23 December 1597 – 20 August 1639) was a German poet, regarded as the greatest of that nation during his lifetime. Biography Opitz was born in Bunzlau (Bolesławiec) in Lower Silesia, in the Principality of ...

's libretto for ''Judith'' (1635) and may well have influenced

Giulio Rospigliosi Pope Clement IX ( la, Clemens IX; it, Clemente IX; 28 January 1600 – 9 December 1669), born Giulio Rospigliosi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 20 June 1667 to his death in December 1669. Biography Ear ...

's later libretti on religious subjects. Rospogliosi had attended the performance of ''La istoria di Iudit'' marking Cardinal Francesco Barberini's visit to the Medici court. A notable example of Salvadori's secular operas was ''

'' which was performed as part of the celebrations for the marriage of

Margherita de' Medici Margherita de' Medici (31 May 1612 – 6 February 1679) was Duchess of Parma and Piacenza by her marriage to Odoardo Farnese, Duke of Parma. Margherita was regent of Piacenza in 1635, and regent of the entire duchy from 1646 until 1648 during ...

and

Odoardo Farnese, Duke of Parma Odoardo Farnese (28 April 1612 – 11 September 1646), also known as Odoardo I Farnese to distinguish him from his grandson Odoardo II Farnese, was Duke of Parma, Piacenza and Castro from 1622 to 1646. Biography Odoardo was the eldest legit ...

in 1628.

The composers of ''La Flora'',

and

, had previously worked with him on other operas as had the singer and composer Francesca Caccini. According to the Florentine chronicler Andrea Cavalcanti, Salvadori and Caccini fell out when she began publicly ridiculing him for casting whatever female singer he was pursuing at the time. In reply, he wrote the misogynistic poem "Donne musiche parlano dall'Inferno" (Women musicians speak from Hell) which was probably performed at the court's

Epiphany Epiphany may refer to: * Epiphany (feeling), an experience of sudden and striking insight Religion * Epiphany (holiday), a Christian holiday celebrating the revelation of God the Son as a human being in Jesus Christ ** Epiphany season, or Epiph ...

celebrations in 1621. Their feud continued over the casting of the 1625 revival of ''La regina Sant'Orsola'' and culminated in 1627 during the preparations for the wedding of Margherita de' Medici and Odoardo Farnese. The opera Salvadori had originally planned for the festivities was his ''Iole ed Ercole'' (

Iole In Greek mythology, Iole (; grc, Ἰόλη ) was the daughter of King Eurytus of Oechalia. According to the brief epitome in the '' Bibliotheca'', Eurytus had a beautiful young daughter named Iole who was eligible for marriage. Iole was claimed ...

and

Hercules Hercules (, ) is the Roman equivalent of the Greek divine hero Heracles, son of Jupiter and the mortal Alcmena. In classical mythology, Hercules is famous for his strength and for his numerous far-ranging adventures. The Romans adapted the ...

) for which Jacopo Peri had composed the music. Caccini took her revenge by convincing Margherita and her mother, Grand Duchess Maria Maddalena, that the subject of the opera might be interpreted as reflecting Margherita's desire to control her new husband. Salvadori thus had to write a new libretto at relatively short notice—''La Flora'', based on the tale of Chloris and

Zephyrus In ancient Greek religion and myth, the Anemoi (Greek: , 'Winds') were wind gods who were each ascribed a cardinal direction from which their respective winds came (see Classical compass winds), and were each associated with various seasons an ...

. Shortly thereafter, Caccini left the Medici court. Although the overwhelming majority of Salvadori's theatrical works were performed in Florence for the Medici, at least two of them were performed elsewhere. His set of

intermedi The intermedio (also intromessa, introdutto, tramessa, tramezzo, intermezzo, intermedii), in the Italian Renaissance, was a theatrical performance or spectacle with music and often dance, which was performed between the acts of a play to cele ...

, ''Olimpia abbandonata da Bireno'' (Olimpia abandoned by Bireno), was performed in

Parma Parma (; egl, Pärma, ) is a city in the northern Italian region of Emilia-Romagna known for its architecture, music, art, prosciutto (ham), cheese and surrounding countryside. With a population of 198,292 inhabitants, Parma is the second mos ...

in 1622 for the Farnese court, and his equestrian ballet ''La selva d'Armida'' (

Armida Armida is the fictional character of a Saracen sorceress, created by the Italian late Renaissance poet Torquato Tasso. Description In Tasso's epic ''Jerusalem Delivered'' ( it, Gerusalemme liberata, link=no), Rinaldo is a fierce and determ ...

's forest) was performed in Vienna in 1631 to celebrate the marriage of

Maria Anna of Spain , house = Habsburg , father = Philip III of Spain , mother = Margaret of Austria , birth_date = , birth_place = El Escorial, Spain , death_date = , death_place = Linz, Austria , burial_place = Imperial Crypt , ...

and Ferdinand III of Austria. Salvadori also had connections with the Gonzaga court in

Mantua Mantua ( ; it, Mantova ; Lombard and la, Mantua) is a city and '' comune'' in Lombardy, Italy, and capital of the province of the same name. In 2016, Mantua was designated as the Italian Capital of Culture. In 2017, it was named as the Eur ...

. As early as 1608 he had spent some time there and had written an ode to Francesco Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua during his stay. The Duke's sister, Eleonora had asked for a copy of his opera ''Lo sposalizio di Medoro e Angelica'' (The marriage of Medoro and Angelica) which had been performed in Florence in 1619, with a view to having it performed at Mantua. Her marriage to the Holy Roman emperor intervened and before she could receive a copy. However, Salvadori and his composer, Marco da Gagliano, sent a revised version of the work to

Ferdinando Gonzaga Ferrante I Gonzaga (also Ferdinando I Gonzaga; 28 January 1507 – 15 November 1557) was an Italian condottiero, a member of the House of Gonzaga and the founder of the branch of the Gonzaga of Guastalla. Biography He was born in Mantua, the ...

in 1622. In the end, it was not performed, but the libretto was published in 1623 with the support of Ferdinando and was dedicated to him. According to Kirkendale, Salvadori received another invitation to the court in 1623 after Ferdinando and his wife

Caterina de' Medici Catherine de' Medici ( it, Caterina de' Medici, ; french: Catherine de Médicis, ; 13 April 1519 – 5 January 1589) was an Florentine noblewoman born into the Medici family. She was Queen of France This is a list of the women who we ...

were sent copies of his sacred poetry. In 1628 Salvadori married Emilia Rigogli, who belonged to a prominent Florentine family. (Her brother was the poet Benedetto Rigogli). The marriage produced three sons, Francesco (1630), Jacopo (1631), and Emilio (1633). Francesco became a priest and served as Cardinal Girolamo Farnese's copyist. He was also a poet and writer in his own right and published several works, including a collection of poetry and a treatise on

Seneca Seneca may refer to: People and language * Seneca (name), a list of people with either the given name or surname * Seneca people, one of the six Iroquois tribes of North America ** Seneca language, the language of the Seneca people Places Extrat ...

, ''Il filosofo cortigiano''. Four months after Emilia's death in December 1633, Salvadori married the painter Alessandra Furini, a sister of

Francesco Furini Francesco Furini (c. 1600 (or 1603) – August 19, 1646) was an Italian Baroque painter of Florence, noted for his sensual sfumato style in paintings of both secular and religious subjects. Biography He was born in Florence to an artistic ...

. Andrea Salvadori died in August 1634 at the age of 43 and was buried in the Chiesa dei Santi Simone e Giuda in Florence where a marble plaque with his portrait was erected by his sons.

Works

''Le Poesie del Sig. Andrea Salvadori'', curated by Salvadori's son Francesco and published in 1668, included all the works published during his lifetime, as well as several previously unpublished poems. It has a dedication and preface by Francesco Salvadori with quoted descriptions of his father's character and poetic style by Gian Vittorio Rossi and Cardinal Sforza Pallavicino. The following is a list of Salvadori's principal works. ;Opera libretti *''Lo sposalizio di Medoro e Angelica'' (The wedding of Medoro and Angelica), in a prologue and three acts, music by

and

, performed 1619, revised version published 1623 as ''Medoro'', (score lost). The libretto was performed as a comic play without music in 1626. *''La regina Sant'Orsola'' (The Queen

), in a prologue and five acts, music by Marco da Gagliano and Francesca Caccini, performed 1624, revived 1625 (score lost) *''Istoria di Iudit'' (The story of Judith), in a prologue and three acts plus two

, music by Marco da Gagliano, performed 1626 (score lost) *''Iole ed Ercole'' (

and

), music by Jacopo Peri, written 1627 (unperformed, libretto and score lost) *''

'', in a prologue and five acts, music by Marco da Gagliano and Jacopo Peri, performed 1628 ;Other theatrical works The Medici court at the time of Salvadori was marked by the quantity and variety of its theatrical entertainments. The grandest of these were the ''feste'' (festivals) to celebrate great court occasions which incorporated instrumental music, solo and choral singing, dancing, and drama. Invariably involving lavish spectacle, they were often accompanied by public pageants and masquerades. The ''festa di ballo'' was centered on a ballet, the ''festa d'armi'' on mock battles, and the ''festa a cavallo'' on displays of horsemanship, including elaborately choreographed equestrian ballets. Smaller scale stage works included

, cantatas, and sung narrative poems to accompany

tournament A tournament is a competition involving at least three competitors, all participating in a sport or game. More specifically, the term may be used in either of two overlapping senses: # One or more competitions held at a single venue and concentr ...

s. These were often performed as part of a ''veglia'' (late evening entertainment). Unless otherwise indicated all of the performances below took place in Florence. Guerra di Bellezza scene by Jacques Callot

Guerra di Bellezza scene by Jacques Callot

*''Comparsa d'Araspe, re de persiani'' (The appearance of Araspe, king of the Persians), ''festa'' performed February 1613 *''Guerra d'amore'' (Battle of love), ''festa'' for

(with Cosimo II and his brother Lorenzo taking the roles of the rival kings Indamoro and Gradameto), performed during Carnival, February 1616 *''Guerra di bellezza'' (Battle of beauty), ''festa a cavallo'' to mark the visit of Prince Federico Ubaldo of Urbino and his betrothal to

Claudia de' Medici Claudia de' Medici (4 June 1604 – 25 December 1648) was Regent of the Austrian County of Tyrol during the minority of her son from 1632 until 1646. She was a daughter of Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany and Christina of Lorraine. ...

, performed October 1616 *''La liberazione di Tirreno e d'Arnea, autori del sangue toscano'' (The liberation of Tyrrhenus and Arnea, founders of the Tuscan race), intermedi, music by Marco da Gagliano, performed at a royal ''veglia'' to mark the marriage of

Ferdinando Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua Ferdinand I Gonzaga (26 April 1587 – 29 October 1626) was Duke of Mantua and Duke of Montferrat from 1612 until his death. Biography Born in Mantua, he was the son of Vincenzo I and Eleonora de' Medici. He was appointed a cardinal at the a ...

and

, February 1617 (score lost) *''Canzonette in lode della Befana'' (Little songs in praise of the

Befana In Italian folklore, the Befana () is an old woman who delivers gifts to children throughout Italy on Epiphany Eve (the night of January 5) in a similar way to Santa Claus or the Three Magi Kings.Illes, Judika. ''Encyclopedia of Spirits: The U ...

) sung by Francesca Caccini during the

celebrations at the Medici court, 6 January 1620 *''Olimpia abbandonata da Bireno'' (Olimpia abandoned by Bireno), intermedi based on an episode in '' Orlando Furioso'', performed in

1622 *''Le fonti d'Ardenna'' (The springs of Ardennes), ''festa d'arme'' and ''festa di ballo'' to mark the visit of Henri, Prince of Condé, music by Marco da Gagliano and performed by members of the Accademia dei Rugginosi during Carnival 1623 (score lost) *''Canto d'Amore e di'Imeneo'' (Song of Cupid and

Hymen The hymen is a thin piece of mucosal tissue that surrounds or partially covers the external vaginal opening. It forms part of the vulva, or external genitalia, and is similar in structure to the vagina. In children, a common appearance of the ...

), performed for the marriage of Count Francesco Bonsi and Cristina di Riario, 1624 *''La precedenza delle dame'' (The precedence of the ladies), music by Jacopo Peri, performed during a tournament in honour of Sigismund III of Poland, 1625 (score lost) *''Il monte Atlante'' ( Mount Atlas), ''Il contrasto de' venti'' (The dispute of the winds), ''L'isola degli Eroi'' (The island of the

Heroes Heroes or Héroes may refer to: * Hero, one who displays courage and self-sacrifice for the greater good Film * ''Heroes'' (1977 film), an American drama * ''Heroes'' (2008 film), an Indian Hindi film Gaming * ''Heroes of Might and Magic'' ...

), ''La nave d'Argo'' (The ship of Argo), intermedi in praise of the

House of Habsburg The House of Habsburg (), alternatively spelled Hapsburg in Englishgerman: Haus Habsburg, ; es, Casa de Habsburgo; hu, Habsburg család, it, Casa di Asburgo, nl, Huis van Habsburg, pl, dom Habsburgów, pt, Casa de Habsburgo, la, Domus Hab ...

to mark the visit of

Leopold V, Archduke of Austria Leopold V, Archduke of Further Austria (October 9, 1586 – September 13, 1632) was the son of Archduke Charles II of Inner Austria, and the younger brother of Emperor Ferdinand II, father of Ferdinand Charles, Archduke of Further Austria ...

, performed January 1626 *''Il serraglio degl'amori'' (The cupids'

seraglio A seraglio, serail, seray or saray (from fa, سرای, sarāy, palace, via Turkish and Italian) is a castle, palace or government building which was considered to have particular administrative importance in various parts of the former Ott ...

Epithalamium An epithalamium (; Latin form of Greek ἐπιθαλάμιον ''epithalamion'' from ἐπί ''epi'' "upon," and θάλαμος ''thalamos'' nuptial chamber) is a poem written specifically for the bride on the way to her marital chamber. This form ...

and ballet for the wedding Jacopo Salviati, Duke of San Giuliano and Veronica Cibo, performed 1628 *''La disfida d'Ismeno'' (The challenge of Ismeno), ''festa'' performed for the marriage of

and

, 1628

Per le Stelle Medicee temerariamente oppugnate by Salvadori

*''I caramogi'' (The dwarves), comic masquerade, performed August 1629 *''Applausi del Sole, e d'Anfitrite'' (Applause from the Sun and

Amphitrite In ancient Greek mythology, Amphitrite (; grc-gre, Ἀμφιτρίτη, Amphitrítē) was the goddess of the sea, the queen of the sea, and the wife of Poseidon. She was a daughter of Nereus and Doris (or Oceanus and Tethys).Roman, L., & Ro ...

), pastoral to mark the visit of

, 1630 *''La selva d'Armida'' (

's forest), equestrian ballet to celebrate the marriage of Maria Anna of Spain and Ferdinand III of Austria, performed in Vienna, 1631 ;Poems *"Per le Stelle Medicee temerariamente oppugnate" (For the Medicean Stars rashly repudiated), written circa 1613. The poem is a defense of Galileo's discovery of

Jupiter's moons There are 82 known moons of Jupiter, not counting a number of moonlets likely shed from the inner moons. All together, they form a satellite system which is called the Jovian system. The most massive of the moons are the four Galilean moons: ...

(at the time called the Medicean Stars), the existence of which had been questioned by the Florentine astronomer Giovanni Magini. It was published posthumously in ''Le Poesie del Sig. Andrea Salvadori''. The 20 volume complete works of Galileo edited by Antonio Favaro contains a facsimile of Galileo's own copy of the poem written in Galileo's hand with his corrections.Biagioli (1994) p. 139 *"Il Danubio" (The

Danube The Danube ( ; ) is a river that was once a long-standing frontier of the Roman Empire and today connects 10 European countries, running through their territories or being a border. Originating in Germany, the Danube flows southeast for , p ...

), panegyric on the accession of Ferdinand II as Holy Roman Emperor, September 1619 *"Il pianto di Toscana" (The tears of Tuscany), panegyric on the first anniversary of the death of Cosimo II de' Medici, recited by Salvadori in the Council Room of the Palazzo Vecchio on 28 February 1622 *"La Natura al Presepe" (Nature at the

Nativity scene In the Christian tradition, a nativity scene (also known as a manger scene, crib, crèche ( or ), or in Italian ''presepio'' or ''presepe'', or Bethlehem) is the special exhibition, particularly during the Christmas season, of art objects rep ...

), sacred panegyric for Christmas Day, published 1623 *''Fiori del Calvario'' (Flowers of Calvary), sonnets on the passion of Christ, published 1623. This collection of sonnets, like "La Natura al Presepe", was dedicated to Princess Maria Maddalena de' Medici who had entered a convent. *''Sonetti in lode del campo imperiale e in morte del re di Svezia'' (Sonnets praising the imperial battle field and the death of the King of Sweden), published 1633. The title refers to the 1632 Battle of Lützen in which Gustavus Adolphus, the Protestant King of Sweden, was killed by the forces of the

Holy Roman Empire The Holy Roman Empire was a political entity in Western, Central, and Southern Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars. From the accession of Otto I in 962 ...

. *"I corsali vinti" (The corsairs defeated), panegyric on the victory of the ships of Saint Stephen over the Turks, date unknown, published posthumously in ''Le Poesie del Sig. Andrea Salvadori'' 1668

References

;Notes ;Sources *Biagioli, Mario (1994)
''Galileo, Courtier: The Practice of Science in the Culture of Absolutism''
University of Chicago Press. *Franchi, Saverio (1988)
''Drammaturgia Romana''
Edizioni di Storia e Letturatura. *Garavaglia, Andrea (2005)
''Sigismondo D'India "drammaturgo"''
EDT srl. *Gregori, Mina (2007). ''Un'altra bellezza. Francesco Furini'' (catalogue for the exhibition of Furini's works at the

Pitti Palace The Palazzo Pitti (), in English sometimes called the Pitti Palace, is a vast, mainly Renaissance, palace in Florence, Italy. It is situated on the south side of the River Arno, a short distance from the Ponte Vecchio. The core of the present ...

, 22 December 2007 – 27 April 2008). Mandragora. *Harness, Kelley (2001). "Salvadori, Andrea" in Stanley Sadie (ed.) ''The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians'' (2nd edition), Volume 22. *Harness, Kelley Ann (2002). "Chaste Warriors and Virgin Martyrs in Florentine Musical Spectacle" in Todd Michaël Borgerding (ed.
''Gender, Sexuality, and Early Music''
pp. 73–122. Routledge. *Harness, Kelley Ann (2006)
''Echoes of Women's Voices: Music, Art, and Female Patronage in Early Modern Florence''
University of Chicago Press. *Kirkendale, Warren (1993). ''The Court Musicians in Florence during the Principate of the Medici: With a Reconstruction of the Artistic Establishment''. L.S. Olschki. *Negri, Giulio (1722)
''Istoria degli scrittori fiorentini''
Bernardino Pomatelli *Richa, Giuseppe (1754)
''Notizie Istoriche Delle Chiese Fiorentine: Divise ne' suoi Quartieri. Del Quartiere Di Santa Croce''
Volume 1. Pietro Gaetano Viviani *Solerti, Angelo (1905)
''Musica, ballo e drammatica alla corte Medicea dal 1600 al 1637''
Bemporad & Figlio *Trucchi, Francesco (1847)
"Andrea Salvadori"
in ''Poesie italiane inedite di dugento autori dall'origine della lingua infino al secolo decimosettimo raccolte e illustrate'', Volume 4, pp. 268–273. Ranieri Guasti. ;Further reading *Gargiulo, Piero (2000) "'E che 'l cantar sia proprio alla scena': Il teatro per musica di Andrea Salvadori (1613-1630)", ''Studi musicali'', Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 59–70

External links

* Festival books from the

British Library The British Library is the national library of the United Kingdom and is one of the largest libraries in the world. It is estimated to contain between 170 and 200 million items from many countries. As a legal deposit library, the British ...

(scans of the original pages)
Salvadori's ''Guerra d'amore'' 1616
(illustrations by

Jacques Callot Jacques Callot (; – 1635) was a baroque printmaker and draftsman from the Duchy of Lorraine (an independent state on the north-eastern border of France, southwestern border of Germany and overlapping the southern Netherlands). He is an impor ...

)
Salvadori's ''La Flora'' 1628
(illustrations by

Alfonso Parigi Alfonso Parigi the Younger (1606–1656) was an Italian architect and scenographer, the son of Giulio Parigi, and grandson of Alfonso Parigi the Elder. He worked mainly in Florence, beginning at a very early age as his father's assistant. After t ...

) {{DEFAULTSORT:Salvadori, Andrea Italian poets Italian male poets Italian opera librettists 1591 births 1634 deaths Writers from Florence Italian male dramatists and playwrights