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Andong () is a
city A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be de ...
in South Korea, and the capital of
North Gyeongsang Province North Gyeongsang Province ( ko, 경상북도, translit=Gyeongsangbuk-do, ) is a province in eastern South Korea. The province was formed in 1896 from the northern half of the former Gyeongsang province, and remained a province of Korea until the ...
. It is the largest city in the northern part of the province with a population of 167,821 as of October 2010. The
Nakdong River The Nakdonggang River or Nakdonggang () is the longest river in South Korea, and passes through major cities such as Daegu and Busan. It takes its name from its role as the eastern border of the Gaya confederacy during Korea's Three Kingdoms Er ...
flows through the city. Andong is a market centre for the surrounding agricultural areas. Since the 1970s Andong has developed rapidly, although the population has fallen by nearly seventy thousand as people have moved away to
Seoul Seoul (; ; ), officially known as the Seoul Special City, is the Capital city, capital and largest metropolis of South Korea.Before 1972, Seoul was the ''de jure'' capital of the North Korea, Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea ...
,
Busan Busan (), officially known as is South Korea's most populous city after Seoul, with a population of over 3.4 million inhabitants. Formerly romanized as Pusan, it is the economic, cultural and educational center of southeastern South Korea ...
, Daegu and other urban centres. In the late 1990s and early 2000s it became a tourism and cultural center. Andong is known as a centre of culture and folk traditions. The surrounding area maintains many types of traditions and the Andong Folk Festival is held in mid October every year. One of the most famous aspects of these cultural festivities are the Andong
mask A mask is an object normally worn on the face, typically for protection, disguise, performance, or entertainment and often they have been employed for rituals and rights. Masks have been used since antiquity for both ceremonial and pra ...
s. Andong National University, specialising in education and Korean folklore, has grown rapidly since the 1970s. Other tertiary institutions include Andong Science College and Catholic Sangji College.


History

Around 1 BC, Andong was founded by the Jinhan people, and it was known as Gochang. During the
Three Kingdoms period The Three Kingdoms () from 220 to 280 AD was the tripartite division of China among the dynastic states of Cao Wei, Shu Han, and Eastern Wu. The Three Kingdoms period was preceded by the Eastern Han dynasty and was followed by the Wester ...
, the area was controlled by the
Silla Silla or Shilla (57 BCE – 935 CE) ( , Old Korean: Syera, Old Japanese: Siraki2) was a Korean kingdom located on the southern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula. Silla, along with Baekje and Goguryeo, formed the Three Kingdoms of ...
kingdom. The Battle of Gochang in 930 was fought here between Hubaekje forces and the
Goryeo Goryeo (; ) was a Korean kingdom founded in 918, during a time of national division called the Later Three Kingdoms period, that unified and ruled the Korean Peninsula until 1392. Goryeo achieved what has been called a "true national unifica ...
army led by Wanggeon, who won control of the city and renamed it Andong. After the ascent of the
Joseon dynasty Joseon (; ; Middle Korean: 됴ᇢ〯션〮 Dyǒw syéon or 됴ᇢ〯션〯 Dyǒw syěon), officially the Great Joseon (; ), was the last dynastic kingdom of Korea, lasting just over 500 years. It was founded by Yi Seong-gye in July 1392 and ...
to the throne of Korea, Andong became a centre of
Confucianism Confucianism, also known as Ruism or Ru classicism, is a system of thought and behavior originating in ancient China. Variously described as tradition, a philosophy, a religion, a humanistic or rationalistic religion, a way of governing, or ...
. The area was extremely conservative for a long time and produced many leading confucian scholars. Toe-gye Yi Hwang (1501–70), one of the most prominent of all Korean scholars, came from Andong. Yi Hwang retired back to his homeland late in life and started the establishment of the great Confucian academy Dosan Seowon there, which was finished after his death. During this period Andong and its principal families were influential within Korean political circles, of which the three notable families were the Andong Kim, Andong Jang and Andong
Kwon Gwon also written as Kwon () is a Korean family name. Some sources list as many 56 clans, but most of them were merged with the Andong Gwon clan under the Sijeung-gong faction soon after the establishment of the Goryeo Kingdom. Andong Gwon cl ...
clans. After the 16th century Andong became less influential until the early 19th century, when a marriage of the local
Kim Kim or KIM may refer to: Names * Kim (given name) * Kim (surname) ** Kim (Korean surname) *** Kim family (disambiguation), several dynasties **** Kim family (North Korea), the rulers of North Korea since Kim Il-sung in 1948 ** Kim, Vietnamese ...
family resulted in strong influence on the royal family. Andong was the site of intense fighting during the
Korean War {{Infobox military conflict , conflict = Korean War , partof = the Cold War and the Korean conflict , image = Korean War Montage 2.png , image_size = 300px , caption = Clockwise from top: ...
in the early 1950s, the
Battle of Andong The Battle of Andong was a fight between North Korean and South Korean units in late July 1950. It was an early maneuver of the Korean War. The Korean People's Army (KPA) 12th Infantry Division attempted to advance through Andong on its way so ...
. Although the city was almost destroyed, it was quickly rebuilt. In 1976 the
Andong Dam The Andong Dam is an embankment dam on the Nakdong River, east of Andong in Gyeongsangbuk-do province, South Korea. The purpose of the dam is flood control, water supply and hydroelectric power generation. Construction of the dam began in 1971 ...
was built, providing the city with a reliable source of electricity. In 1999, Her Majesty the Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom celebrated her 73rd
birthday A birthday is the anniversary of the birth of a person, or figuratively of an institution. Birthdays of people are celebrated in numerous cultures, often with birthday gifts, birthday cards, a birthday party, or a rite of passage. Many rel ...
in the city. There is an exhibit dedicated to this historic visit at Hahoe folk village museum.
Andong soju Andong soju (; in some brand names ) is a traditional type of distilled soju produced in Andong, North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. Brewing Andong soju is an alcoholic drink. ''Eumsik dimibang'' (a 17th-century cookbook written by Jan ...
is made using traditional methods that are centuries old unlike its popular modern counterparts. It is protected by government regulation to preserve authenticity and commands a steep premium in the marketplace.


Administrative divisions

Andong is divided into 1 eup, 13 myeon and 10 dong. The following is a list of eup, myeon and dong:


Local specialty foods

Andong has famous local foods that originated in the city such as '' heotjesabap'', ''
Andong jjimdak Andong-jjimdak () is a variety of ''jjim'' (a Korean steamed or boiled dish), which originated in the city of Andong, Gyeongsangbuk-do Province and is made with chicken, various vegetables Marination, marinated in a ''ganjang'' (Soy sauce#Korean ...
'', ''
Andong soju Andong soju (; in some brand names ) is a traditional type of distilled soju produced in Andong, North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. Brewing Andong soju is an alcoholic drink. ''Eumsik dimibang'' (a 17th-century cookbook written by Jan ...
'' (a rice wine), ''
Andong sikhye ''Sikhye'' (식혜, also spelled ''shikhye'' or ''shikeh''; also occasionally termed ''dansul'' or ''gamju'') is a traditional sweet Korean rice beverage, usually served as a dessert. In addition to its liquid ingredients, S''ikhye'' contains gr ...
'' (a punch), '' Geonjin guksu'' (a noodle dish), and salted
mackerel Mackerel is a common name applied to a number of different species of pelagic fish, mostly from the family Scombridae. They are found in both temperate and tropical seas, mostly living along the coast or offshore in the oceanic environment. ...
. ''Heotjesabap'' is a variety of ''
bibimbap Bibimbap * ( , from Korean , literally "mixed rice"), sometimes romanized as bi bim bap or bi bim bop, is a Korean rice dish. The term "bibim" means "mixing" and "bap" refers to cooked rice. ''Bibimbap'' is served as a bowl of warm white rice ...
'', served with soy sauce (''ganjang'') instead of the '' gochujang'' (hot pepper paste) that is more commonly used. ''Heotjesa bab'' consists mainly of several types of '' namul'' (young sprouted vegetables) over white rice. It is also served with grilled fish, shark, and '' jeon'' (Korean pancake). The dish originated in Andong. The term, ''Heotjesa bap'' literally means "dishes for fake ''
jesa Jesa (, ) is a ceremony commonly practiced in the East Asian cultural sphere. Jesa functions as a memorial to the ancestors of the participants. Jesa are usually held on the anniversary of the ancestor's death. The majority of Catholics, Budd ...
''" that are ceremonies for death anniversary and ancestor veneration held in Korea. The reason it is considered fake is that it is not covered in incense ash, as would happen to any food sacrificed in a jesa ritual. ''Andong jjimdak'' is a variety of ''
jjim ''Jjim'' (찜; ) is a Korean cuisine term referring to dishes made by steaming or boiling meat, chicken, fish, or shellfish which have been marinated in a sauce or soup. The cooking technique originally referred to dishes cooked in a '' siru' ...
'' (a Korean steamed or braised dish), made with chicken, cellophane noodles, and various vegetables marinated in a ''ganjang'' ( Korean soy sauce) based sauce. The name literally means "steamed chicken of Andong." There are many speculations on the origins of the dish. One is that the it is a specialty food of the inner rich village of Andong during the
Joseon period Joseon (; ; Middle Korean: 됴ᇢ〯션〮 Dyǒw syéon or 됴ᇢ〯션〯 Dyǒw syěon), officially the Great Joseon (; ), was the last dynastic kingdom of Korea, lasting just over 500 years. It was founded by Yi Seong-gye in July 1392 and ...
, prepared and eaten for special occasions. The more likely explanation is that during the 1980s in the ''Dak golmok'' (, literally "chicken alley") of the "Andong Old Market," restaurant owners there made a dish including ingredients that regulars demanded, which became the current ''Andong jjimdak''. Restaurateurs in the area claim it was invented by five local old women who had limited chicken supplies and wanted to stretch it out. The most plausible speculation among existing assumptions is that merchants of the ''Dak golmok'' at the market created the dish to keep their position against the rapid expansion of Western fried chicken shops. ''Andong Soju'' is a specialty of the region. It is made with natural ingredients, unlike mass-produced brands, it was historically used for medicinal purposes, and was developed during the Silla dynasty. The traditions of Andong Soju were almost lost during the '60s and '70s due to government legislation, but they were brought back by Cho Ok-hwa, the current skillholder. Andong soju was traditionally made by the wife of a household, and she passed down the secrets to her daughters-in-law. ''
Mackerel Mackerel is a common name applied to a number of different species of pelagic fish, mostly from the family Scombridae. They are found in both temperate and tropical seas, mostly living along the coast or offshore in the oceanic environment. ...
'' is another popular local delicacy. Caught downstream where the
Nakdong River The Nakdonggang River or Nakdonggang () is the longest river in South Korea, and passes through major cities such as Daegu and Busan. It takes its name from its role as the eastern border of the Gaya confederacy during Korea's Three Kingdoms Er ...
meets the sea, in ancient times the fish would spoil before being brought further inland. Using special salting techniques, Andong was the furthest inland the fish could be brought, so aristocrats would travel to Andong specially for the salted fish. '' Sikhye'' is a fermented rice punch served across Korea. The Andong variety, however, is particularly spicy, made with powdered red pepper, ginger, and radish. Sikhye contains lactobacillus, a benign strain of bacteria found in the gastrointestinal tract, and often used as a digestive aid in dishes including
kimchi ''Kimchi'' (; ko, 김치, gimchi, ), is a traditional Korean side dish of salted and fermented vegetables, such as napa cabbage and Korean radish. A wide selection of seasonings are used, including '' gochugaru'' (Korean chili powder), ...
, yogurt, and sauerkraut, among others.


Culture


Museums

*
Andong Soju Andong soju (; in some brand names ) is a traditional type of distilled soju produced in Andong, North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. Brewing Andong soju is an alcoholic drink. ''Eumsik dimibang'' (a 17th-century cookbook written by Jan ...
and Traditional Food Museum * Gyeongsangbuk-do Forest Science Museum * Kwon Jeong Saeng Fairy Tale Museum * Municipal Folk Museum * Seonseonghyun Cultural Heritage Complex * Traditional Cultural Contents Museum


Parks

* Gyemyeongsan Recreation Forest * Amsan Pleasure Ground


Villages

* Andong Gunja Village * Yeumteo Village * Jirye Arts Village * Hahoe Folk Village


Confuncian Academies

* Dosan Seowon * Byeongsan Seowon * Imcheon Seowon * Gosan Seowon


Mountains

* Gallasan Mountain * Cheondeungsan Mountain


Monuments

* Gyeongsangbuk-do Independence Movement Memorial


Experiences

* Dosan Hot Spring * Andong Maskdance Festival * Hahoe Mask Dance. * Hakgasan Hot Spring * Top-bliss Golf Club * Imhaho Camping Water Leisure Town * HuGreen Golf Club * Danho Sand Park Camping Site * Danho Sand Park Camping Site * HuGreen Golf Club * Top-bliss Golf Club * Ontrepieum


Architecture


Historical

* Bongjeongsa, a Buddhist monastery * Nongam Jongtaek * Andong imcheonggak * Taesamyo * Confucian Land


Modern

* Gyeongbuk Provincial Government Office


Education

* Andong Manner School * Advanced Center for Korean Studies


Sports

* Andong Gymnasium


Visitor attractions in Andong

The Hahoe Folk Village is perhaps the most notable folk village in South Korea. This village is listed by the South Korean government with
UNESCO The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) aimed at promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture. I ...
as a
World Heritage A World Heritage Site is a landmark or area with legal protection by an international convention administered by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). World Heritage Sites are designated by UNESCO for h ...
site with Yangdong Folk Village in 2010. Andong is also a home of Confucian studies and academies during the
Joseon Dynasty Joseon (; ; Middle Korean: 됴ᇢ〯션〮 Dyǒw syéon or 됴ᇢ〯션〯 Dyǒw syěon), officially the Great Joseon (; ), was the last dynastic kingdom of Korea, lasting just over 500 years. It was founded by Yi Seong-gye in July 1392 and ...
. The notable examples of seowon, or Confucian academy are Dosan Seowon that enshrines
Yi Hwang Yi Hwang (January 3, 1502– January 3, 1571) was the most important Korean philosopher, writer, and Confucian scholar of the Joseon Dynasty. He was a figure of the Neo-Confucian literati, established the Yeongnam School and set up the Dosan S ...
, Byeongsan Seowon for Yu Seong-ryong, Imcheon Seowon for Kim Seong-il, Gosan Seowon, Hwacheon Seowon and others. Other notable visitor destinations are Sisadan, Jirye Artists' Colony, Bongjeongsa temple and Andong Icheondong Seokbulsang aka Jebiwon Stone Buddha. Andong also has
Andong Dam The Andong Dam is an embankment dam on the Nakdong River, east of Andong in Gyeongsangbuk-do province, South Korea. The purpose of the dam is flood control, water supply and hydroelectric power generation. Construction of the dam began in 1971 ...
. In the area where Andong Dam is located, there is a monument to the Andong Samil Movement to honor the
March 1st Movement The March 1st Movement, also known as the Sam-il (3-1) Movement (Hangul: 삼일 운동; Hanja: 三一 運動), was a protest movement by Korean people and students calling for independence from Japan in 1919, and protesting forced assimilation ...
. In addition, there are Wonmom theme parks and Unbu parks.


Festival


Andong International Mask Dance Festival


Climate

Andong is located in the mountainous region of central South Korea and is part of the temperate climate. Temperatures vary widely, fog is high at 79 days per year, seasonal winds are northwest in winter and northwest in summer.


Gallery

Image:Korea-Andong-Sisadan-01.jpg, Sisadan Image:Korean-Andong-Buyongdae-01.jpg, Buyeongdae Image:Korea-Andong-Hahoe.Village-03.jpg, Andong
soju (; Hangul: ; Hanja: ) is a clear and colorless Korean distilled alcoholic beverage. It is usually consumed neat. Its alcohol content varies from about 12.9% to 53% alcohol by volume (ABV), although since 2007 low alcohol soju below 20% ...
and hahoe mask Image:Korea-Andong-Nakdong River-03.jpg, Bridge near Andong dam. Image:Andong Gu Market.jpg, Andong Gu Market, food market in downtown Andong Image:Woryeong Bridge Andong.JPG, , Bridge in Sang-a dong, Andong


Sister cities

* Bacolod, Negros Occidental, Philippines * Sagae, Yamagata Prefecture, Japan * Partnership of kindness with: *


People from Andong

* Cho Yoon-jeong (born 1979), tennis player * Ji Han-jae (born 1936), martial artist,
Hapkido Hapkido ( , , also spelled ''hap ki do'' or ''hapki-do''; from Korean language, Korean 합기도 ''hapgido'' ) is a Eclecticism#Martial arts, hybrid Korean martial art. It is a form of self-defense that employs joint locks, grappling, throw (g ...
grandmaster and actor * Lee Elijah (born 1990), actress *
Lee Jae-myung Lee Jae-myung (; born 22 December 1964) is a South Korean politician serving as a member of the National Assembly and the leader of the Democratic Party of Korea. Lee was the nominee of the Democratic Party in the 2022 South Korean presiden ...
(born 1964), Governor of
Gyeonggi Province Gyeonggi-do (, ) is the most populous province in South Korea. Its name, ''Gyeonggi'', means "京 (the capital) and 畿 (the surrounding area)". Thus, ''Gyeonggi-do'' can be translated as "Seoul and the surrounding areas of Seoul". Seoul, the ...
* Kim Jin-kyu (1922–1998), actor, film director and producer *
Kim Jong-gil Kim Jong-gil (Hangul: 김종길; November 5, 1926 – April 1, 2017) was an early-modern South Korean poet. Life Kim Jong-gil was born on November 5, 1926, in Andong, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea. and graduated from Korea University with undergrad ...
(1926–2017), poet * Kim Mi-soon, Paralympic archer * Park Ki-woong (born 1985), actor * Park So-yeon (born 1987), singer, actress and
K-pop K-pop (), short for Korean popular music, is a form of popular music originating in South Korea as part of South Korean culture. It includes styles and genres from around the world, such as pop, hip hop, R&B, experimental, rock, jazz, g ...
idol ( T-ara) * Kim "Canna" Chang-dong (born 2000), professional
League of Legends ''League of Legends'' (''LoL''), commonly referred to as ''League'', is a 2009 multiplayer online battle arena video game developed and published by Riot Games. Inspired by ''Defense of the Ancients'', a custom map for ''Warcraft III'', Ri ...
player, currently a top laner for DWG KIA.


See also

*
Geography of South Korea South Korea is located in East Asia, on the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula located out from the far east of the Asian landmass. The only country with a land border to South Korea is North Korea, lying to the north with of the border ...
*
List of cities in South Korea The largest cities of South Korea have an autonomous status equivalent to that of provinces. Seoul, the largest city and capital, is classified as a ''teukbyeolsi'' ( Special City), while the next six-largest cities are classified as ''gwangye ...


External links

*
City government websiteAndong : Official Site of Korea Tourism Org


References

{{Authority control Cities in North Gyeongsang Province