The Ancient and Primitive Rite, also called the ''Order of the Ancient and Primitive Rite of Memphis-Mizraim'', is a

Masonic Rite In Freemasonry, a Rite is a series of progressive degrees that are conferred by various Masonic organizations or bodies, each of which operates under the control of its own central authority. In many cases, such as the York Rite, it can be a col ...

. First popularized by

John Yarker John Yarker (17 April 1833 – 20 March 1913) was an England, English List of Freemasons, Freemason, author, and occultist. He was born in Swindale, Shap, Westmorland, in the north of England. He moved with his parents to Lancashire and on to ...

, it is generally considered clandestine by Masonic organizations within the UGLE framework.

History

's Ancient and Primitive Rite grew out of the Rite of Memphis-Misraim, which itself was a combination, formed in 1881, of the ''Rite of Memphis'' and the ''Rite of Misraïm'', both of which appeared in France at the beginning of the 19th century. Yarker had been introduced to the ''Rite of Memphis'' in 1871 during a visit to New York,.Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon, ''The Antient and Primitive Rite of Masonry''
(online)
accessed 20 June 2015 As well as establishing the Ancient and Primitive Rite, Yarker would later become Deputy International Grand Master (1900) and International Grand Master (1902) of the Rite of Memphis-Misraim. He formed the Ancient and Primitive Rite with 33 degrees by eliminating duplicative degrees from the Rite of Memphis-Misraïm. Yarker's Rite claimed a history going to

Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...

's armies in Egypt, and traced the development of the Rite until his present day. He professed also that "''Its Rituals embrace all Masonry, and are based on those of the Craft universal; they explain its symbols, develope icits mystic philosophy, exemplify its morality, examine its legends, tracing them to their primitive source, and dealing fairly and truthfully with the historical features of Symbolical Masonry. They contain nothing in their teaching but what Mahommedan, Christian, Jew, Buddhist, Brahmin, or Parsee may alike acknowledge.''" Until Yarker's death in 1913, there was never more than a total of 300 members.

Degrees

The Rite of Memphis confers a set of degrees, numbered from 4° through 32°:Sovereign Sanctuary, 33rd Degree, in and for Great Britain and Ireland. ''Manual of the Degrees of the Antient and Primitive Rite of Masonry''. 1881.

First Series: Chapter

Class I: Intro

*1° – Entered Apprentice *2° – Fellow Craftsman *3° – Master Mason

Class II: College

*4° – Discreet Master *5° – Sublime Master *6° – Knight of the Sacred Arch *7° – Knight of the Secret Vault

Class III: Chapter

*8° – Knight of the Sword *9° – Knight of Jerusalem *10° – Knight of the Orient *11° – Knight of the Rose Croix

Second Series: Senate

Class IV: Senate

*12° – Knight of the Red Eagle *13° – Knight of the Temple *14° – Knight of the Tabernacle *15° – Knight of the Serpent *16° – Knight Sage of Truth *17° – Knight Hermetic Philosopher

Class V: Areopagus

*18° – Knight Kadosh *19° – Knight of the Royal Mystery *20° – Knight Grand Inspector

Third Series: Sublime Council

Class VI: Consistory

*21° – Grand Installator *22° – Grand Consecrator *23° – Grand Eulogist *24° – Patriarch of Truth *25° – Patriarch of the Planispheres *26° – Patriarch of the Vedas

Class VII: Council

*27° – Patriarch of Isis *28° – Patriarch of Memphis *29° – Pontiff of the Mystic City *30° – Perfect Pontiff, Sublime Master of the Great Work

Official

Grand Tribunal

*31° – Grand Defender *32° – Prince of Memphis *33° – Grand Sovereign

Bibliography

Notes

References

* Prescott, Andrew.
The Cause of Humanity: Charles Bradlaugh and Freemasonry
' * Boris Nicolaevsky, "Secret Societies and the First International," in ''The Revolutionary Internationals'', 1864–1943, ed. Milored M. Drachkovitch (Stanford, 1966), 36–56.