Anavilhanas National Park ( pt, Parque Nacional de Anavilhanas) is a
national park that encompasses a huge river archipelago in the Rio Negro in the state of
Amazonas, Brazil. It is part of a World Heritage Site.
Location
The park is in the municipalities of
Manaus and
Novo Airão.
It is managed by the
Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation
The Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (Portuguese: ''Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade'', ICMBio) is the Brazilian Ministry of the Environment's administrative arm."Brazilian Federal Law 11.516/2007 (Por ...
.
The fluvial part of the park, 60% of the total, has more than 400 islands.
It is about long and on average wide, with a total area of .
The park is bounded to the north and east by the
Rio Negro Left Bank Environmental Protection Area
The Rio Negro Left Bank Environmental Protection Area ( pt, Área de Proteção Ambiental Margem Esquerda do Rio Negro) is an environmental protection area in the state of Amazonas, Brazil.
It protects an area of Amazon rainforest on the left ba ...
, a sustainable use conservation area created in 1995.
The fluvial section extends to the west shore of the Rio Negro, which is mainly protected by the
Rio Negro Right Bank Environmental Protection Area
The Rio Negro Right Bank Environmental Protection Area ( pt, Área de Proteção Ambiental Margem Direita do Rio Negro) is an Environmental protection area (APA) in the state of Amazonas, Brazil.
Location
Parts of the Rio Negro Right Bank Envir ...
and the
Rio Negro Sustainable Development Reserve
The Rio Negro Sustainable Development Reserve ( pt, Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Rio Negro) is a sustainable development reserve (RDS) in the state of Amazonas (Brazilian state), Brazil.
Location
Parts of the Rio Negro Sustainable ...
.
The terrain ranges in altitude from above sea level.
Average annual rainfall is .
Temperatures range from .
The park contains a variety of forest types and river and lake ecosystems.
Conservation
The park was originally created on 6 February 1981 as an integral protection unit covering .
It was reclassified from the strictly protected
ecological station to the more open (but still protected)
national park status by law nº 11.799 of 29 October 2008.
The park protects the environment of the Anavilhanas river archipelago in the
Rio Negro, one of the largest in the world, and its forest formations.
It supports scientific research and enhances conservation of the
Amazon biome through environmental education and
sustainable tourism.
The park is open year round.
Protected species include
margay
The margay (''Leopardus wiedii'') is a small wild cat native to Central and South America. A solitary and nocturnal cat, it lives mainly in primary evergreen and deciduous forest.
Until the 1990s, margays were hunted illegally for the wildlif ...
(''Leopardus wiedii''),
jaguar (''Panthera onca''),
giant anteater
The giant anteater (''Myrmecophaga tridactyla'') is an insectivorous mammal native to Central and South America. It is one of four living species of anteaters, of which it is the largest member. The only extant member of the genus ''Myrmecophag ...
(''Myrmecophaga tridactyla''),
giant armadillo (''Priodontes maximus''),
giant otter
The giant otter or giant river otter (''Pteronura brasiliensis'') is a South American carnivorous mammal. It is the longest member of the weasel family, Mustelidae, a globally successful group of predators, reaching up to . Atypical of muste ...
(''Pteronura brasiliensis''),
Amazonian manatee (''Trichechus inunguis''), and
Amazon river dolphin
The Amazon river dolphin (''Inia geoffrensis''), also known as the boto, bufeo or pink river dolphin, is a species of toothed whale classified in the family Iniidae. Three subspecies are currently recognized: ''I. g. geoffrensis'' (Amazon river ...
(''Inia geoffrensis'').
Jaú National Park
The Jaú National Park ( pt, Parque Nacional do Jaú) is a national park located in the state of Amazonas, Brazil.
It is one of the largest forest reserve in South America, and part of a World Heritage Site.
Location
The name "Jaú" comes from ...
was inscribed by
UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) aimed at promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture. It ...
as a
World Heritage Site
A World Heritage Site is a landmark or area with legal protection by an international convention administered by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). World Heritage Sites are designated by UNESCO for h ...
in 2000.
It became part of the
Central Amazon Ecological Corridor
The Central Amazon Ecological Corridor ( pt, Corredor Ecológico Central da Amazônia) is an ecological corridor in the state of Amazonas, Brazil, that connects a number of conservation units in the Amazon rainforest. The objective is to mainta ...
, established in 2002.
In 2003, the property was expanded by the addition of the Anavilhanas National Park,
Amanã Sustainable Development Reserve
Amanã Sustainable Development Reserve ( pt, Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Amanã) is a sustainable development reserve in the state of Amazonas, Brazil.
Location
The Amanã Sustainable Development Reserve (RDS) covers in the north-c ...
, and
Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve
The Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve ( pt, Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá) in the Brazilian state of Amazonas, near the city of Tefé, is a reserve near the village of Boca do Mamirauá. It includes mostly Amazonian ...
to form the Central Amazon Conservation Complex, a larger World Heritage Site.
The park became part of the
Lower Rio Negro Mosaic
The Lower Rio Negro Mosaic ( pt, Mosaico do Baixo Rio Negro is a protected area mosaic in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. It coordinates between eleven conservation units of different types in the Amazon rainforest to the northwest of the state ca ...
, created in 2010.
The conservation unit is supported by the
Amazon Region Protected Areas Program.
References
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{{authority control
National parks of Brazil
Protected areas of Amazonas (Brazilian state)
Protected areas established in 1981
1981 establishments in Brazil
Ramsar sites in Brazil