{{italictitle The ''Anales toledanos'' (Annals of Toledo) are a series of three

Old Spanish Old Spanish, also known as Old Castilian ( es, castellano antiguo; osp, romance castellano ), or Medieval Spanish ( es, español medieval), was originally a dialect of Vulgar Latin spoken in the former provinces of the Roman Empire that provided ...

annals covering the medieval history of the Kingdom of Toledo: the ''primeros'' (I) begin with the

County of Castile The Kingdom of Castile (; es, Reino de Castilla, la, Regnum Castellae) was a large and powerful state on the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages. Its name comes from the host of castles constructed in the region. It began in the 9th centu ...

and carry their history forward to 1219, the ''segundos'' (II) end in 1250, and the ''terceros'' (III) in 1303 (or 1391). They are a valuable source to the historian. None of the ''Anales toledanos'' are related save in their provenance in

Toledo Toledo most commonly refers to: * Toledo, Spain, a city in Spain * Province of Toledo, Spain * Toledo, Ohio, a city in the United States Toledo may also refer to: Places Belize * Toledo District * Toledo Settlement Bolivia * Toledo, Orur ...

and their emphasis on events in the centre of the

Iberian Peninsula The Iberian Peninsula (), ** * Aragonese and Occitan: ''Peninsula Iberica'' ** ** * french: Péninsule Ibérique * mwl, Península Eibérica * eu, Iberiar penintsula also known as Iberia, is a peninsula in southwestern Europe, defi ...

. The ''Anales toledanos primeros'' relied on the ''

Anales castellanos segundos The ''Anales castellanos segundos'' are a set of Latin annals compiled in the mid or late twelfth century in Castile, covering the period from the nativity of Jesus to the death of Queen Urraca in 1126 (in the edition of Flórez) or to 1110 (in t ...

'' as a source, and are principally a vernacular translation and continuation (from 1110 to 1129) of these. Also used as a source was the ''

Crónica Cauriense Crónica may refer to: * ''Crónica'' (newspaper), a Buenos Aires newspaper * Crónica Electrónica or Crónica, an independent media label based in Porto, Portugal * Crónica TV, an Argentine news cable channel *Crônica, a Portuguese-language for ...

''. The ''Anales toledanos segundos'' were probably the work of a

Morisco Moriscos (, ; pt, mouriscos ; Spanish for "Moorish") were former Muslims and their descendants whom the Roman Catholic church and the Spanish Crown commanded to convert to Christianity or face compulsory exile after Spain outlawed the open p ...

, for they show especial interest in Andalusian Muslim affairs, their vocabulary is unusual, and major Christian victories are not mentioned. They reckon time according to the

Anno Hegirae The Hijri year ( ar, سَنة هِجْريّة) or era ( ''at-taqwīm al-hijrī'') is the era used in the Islamic lunar calendar. It begins its count from the Islamic New Year in which Muhammad and his followers migrated from Mecca to Yathrib ...

, not the

Spanish Era The Spanish era ( la, Æra Hispanica), sometimes called the era of Caesar, was a calendar era (year numbering system) commonly used in the states of the Iberian Peninsula from the 5th century until the 15th, when it was phased out in favour of the ...

, as the ''primeros'' and ''terceros'' do. The first two annals were edited and published by

Francisco de Berganza Fray Francisco de Berganza y Arce (10 April 1663 – 29 April 1738), better known as Padre Berganza, was a Spanish Benedictine monk and medievalist. Marcelino Menéndez Pelayo called him ''la lumbrera intelectual de su siglo'' ("the brightest ...

in his ''Antigüedades de España'' (1719–21), and were re-edited, with serious chronological alterations, by

Enrique Flórez Enrique or Henrique Flórez de Setién y Huidobro (July 21, 1702August 20, 1773) was a Spanish historian. Biography Flórez was born in Villadiego. At 15 years old, he entered the order of St Augustine. He subsequently became professor of theol ...

, who also published the third.

Editions

*In

, ed. ''España Sagrada''
XXIII
(Madrid: 1767), 381–300 (I), 401–9 (II), 410–23 (III). *In Ambrosio Huici y Miranda, ed. ''Las crónicas latinas de la Reconquista'', I (Valencia: 1913). *In Antonio Floriano, ed. "Anales toledanos III", ''Cuadernos de historia de España'', 43–44 (1967), 154–87. *In Julio Porres Martín-Cleto, ed. ''Los Anales Toledanos I y II'' (Toledo: 1993).

References

*Porter Conerly (1993). "Cronicones". In Germán Bleiberg. ''Dictionary of the Literature of the Iberian Peninsula''. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 469–70. *Gonzalo Martínez Díez (2005). ''El condado de Castilla, 711–1038: La historia frente a la leyenda''. Marcial Pons Historia. p. 755. History books about Spain