{{italictitle The ''Anales toledanos'' (Annals of Toledo) are a series of three

Old Spanish Old Spanish, also known as Old Castilian ( es, castellano antiguo; osp, romance castellano ), or Medieval Spanish ( es, español medieval), was originally a dialect of Vulgar Latin spoken in the former provinces of the Roman Empire that provided ...

annals Annals ( la, annāles, from , "year") are a concise historical record in which events are arranged chronologically, year by year, although the term is also used loosely for any historical record. Scope The nature of the distinction between ann ...

covering the

medieval history In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire a ...

of the

Kingdom of Toledo The Kingdom of Toledo ( es, Reino de Toledo) was a realm in the central Iberian Peninsula, created after the capture of Toledo by Alfonso VI of León in 1085. It continued in existence until 1833; its region is currently within Spain. Back ...

: the ''primeros'' (I) begin with the

County of Castile The Kingdom of Castile (; es, Reino de Castilla, la, Regnum Castellae) was a large and powerful state on the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages. Its name comes from the host of castles constructed in the region. It began in the 9th cent ...

and carry their history forward to 1219, the ''segundos'' (II) end in 1250, and the ''terceros'' (III) in 1303 (or 1391). They are a valuable source to the historian. None of the ''Anales toledanos'' are related save in their provenance in Toledo and their emphasis on events in the centre of the

Iberian Peninsula The Iberian Peninsula (), ** * Aragonese and Occitan: ''Peninsula Iberica'' ** ** * french: Péninsule Ibérique * mwl, Península Eibérica * eu, Iberiar penintsula also known as Iberia, is a peninsula in southwestern Europe, defi ...

. The ''Anales toledanos primeros'' relied on the ''

Anales castellanos segundos The ''Anales castellanos segundos'' are a set of Latin annals compiled in the mid or late twelfth century in Castile, covering the period from the nativity of Jesus to the death of Queen Urraca in 1126 (in the edition of Flórez) or to 1110 (in ...

'' as a source, and are principally a vernacular translation and continuation (from 1110 to 1129) of these. Also used as a source was the '' Crónica Cauriense''. The ''Anales toledanos segundos'' were probably the work of a

Morisco Moriscos (, ; pt, mouriscos ; Spanish for "Moorish") were former Muslims and their descendants whom the Roman Catholic church and the Spanish Crown commanded to convert to Christianity or face compulsory exile after Spain outlawed the open p ...

, for they show especial interest in Andalusian Muslim affairs, their vocabulary is unusual, and major Christian victories are not mentioned. They reckon time according to the Anno Hegirae, not the

Spanish Era The Spanish era ( la, Æra Hispanica), sometimes called the era of Caesar, was a calendar era (year numbering system) commonly used in the states of the Iberian Peninsula from the 5th century until the 15th, when it was phased out in favour of the ...

, as the ''primeros'' and ''terceros'' do. The first two annals were edited and published by

Francisco de Berganza Fray Francisco de Berganza y Arce (10 April 1663 – 29 April 1738), better known as Padre Berganza, was a Spanish Benedictine monk and medievalist. Marcelino Menéndez Pelayo called him ''la lumbrera intelectual de su siglo'' ("the brightest ...

in his ''Antigüedades de España'' (1719–21), and were re-edited, with serious chronological alterations, by

Enrique Flórez Enrique or Henrique Flórez de Setién y Huidobro (July 21, 1702August 20, 1773) was a Spanish historian. Biography Flórez was born in Villadiego. At 15 years old, he entered the order of St Augustine. He subsequently became professor of theol ...

, who also published the third.

Editions

*In

, ed. ''España Sagrada''
XXIII
(Madrid: 1767), 381–300 (I), 401–9 (II), 410–23 (III). *In Ambrosio Huici y Miranda, ed. ''Las crónicas latinas de la Reconquista'', I (Valencia: 1913). *In Antonio Floriano, ed. "Anales toledanos III", ''Cuadernos de historia de España'', 43–44 (1967), 154–87. *In Julio Porres Martín-Cleto, ed. ''Los Anales Toledanos I y II'' (Toledo: 1993).

References

*Porter Conerly (1993). "Cronicones". In Germán Bleiberg. ''Dictionary of the Literature of the Iberian Peninsula''. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 469–70. *Gonzalo Martínez Díez (2005). ''El condado de Castilla, 711–1038: La historia frente a la leyenda''. Marcial Pons Historia. p. 755. History books about Spain