Anacampseros

''Anacampseros'' L. is a genus comprising about a hundred species of small perennial succulent plants native to Southern Africa, Ethiopia and Latin America. The botanical name ''Anacampseros'' is an ancient one for herbs supposed to restore lost love.

The Australian species '' Grahamia australiana'' was at one time included in the genus ''Anacampseros'', but the entire genus now is regarded as Southern African, and no longer includes any Australian representatives.

Description

Plants in the genus ''Anacampseros'' are perennial. In habit they are small undershrubs or sprawling herbs that may form dense mats. Mature plants of many of the species form a small caudex or a tuberous root-stock. The leaves of most species are succulent and may be either lanceolate in shape or rounded.Dyer, R. Allen, The Genera of Southern African Flowering Plants”. , 1975
The arrangement of leaves on a stem is alternate. The leaves in most species are closely spaced, and in some species they are small and more or less hidden by papery or filamentous fascicled stipules. Some species have sessile flowers, often in an involucre. Other species bear their flowers on racemose peduncles. In contrast to the alternately born leaves, the bracts are opposite and scarious. The flowers are actinomorphic with two caducous sepals and five fugacious petals. The petals may be white, pink, or even pale purple. The plants flower from time to time in summer, and open on sunny days only. The numerous stamens are attached to the bases of the petals. The style is split into three. The ovary is superior, and ripens into a three-valved unilocular capsule that contains many seeds on a free-standing central placenta. In some species the three valves are misleadingly split into six valves. The seeds are compressed and may be angled or have three wings.

Taxonomy

''Anacampseros'' is now a genus in the family Anacampserotaceae, whereas until about 2010 it had been considered a member of Portulacaceae.The Plant List (2013). Version 1.1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ (accessed January 2016)

''Anacampseros'' Mill. is a synonym of the genus ''Sedum'', which is in a different plant family, Crassulaceae.

Species

The following species were listed as accepted in the Kew Gardens Plant list at the start of 2016.

*''Anacampseros affinis'' H.Pearson & Stephens
*''Anacampseros albidiflora'' Poelln.
*'' Anacampseros albissima'' Marloth
*''Anacampseros alstonii'' Schönland
*''Anacampseros alta'' Poelln.
*''Anacampseros arachnoides'' (Haw.) Sims
*''Anacampseros bayeriana'' S.A.Hammer
*''Anacampseros coahuilensis'' (S.Watson) Eggli & Nyffeler
*'' Anacampseros comptonii'' Pillans
*'' Anacampseros crinita'' Dinter
*'' Anacampseros decipiens'' Poelln.
*'' Anacampseros densifolia'' Dinter ex Poelln.
*'' Anacampseros depauperata'' (A.Berger) Poelln.
*'' Anacampseros dielsiana'' Dinter
*'' Anacampseros dinteri'' Schinz
*''Anacampseros filamentosa'' (Haw.) Sims
*'' Anacampseros fissa'' Poelln.
*'' Anacampseros gracilis'' Poelln.
*'' Anacampseros herreana'' Poelln.
*'' Anacampseros hillii'' G.Will.
*'' Anacampseros karasmontana'' Dinter
*'' Anacampseros kurtzii'' Bacig.
*'' Anacampseros lanceolata'' (Haw.) Sweet
*'' Anacampseros lanigera'' Burch.
*'' Anacampseros mallei'' (G.Will.) G.Will.
*'' Anacampseros marlothii'' Poelln.
*'' Anacampseros meyeri'' Poelln.
*'' Anacampseros namaquensis'' H.Pearson & Stephens
*'' Anacampseros nebrownii'' Poelln.
*'' Anacampseros nitida'' Poelln.
*'' Anacampseros papyracea'' E.Mey. ex Fenzl
*'' Anacampseros papyracea'' subsp. namaensis Gerbaulet
*'' Anacampseros paradoxa'' Poelln.
*'' Anacampseros parviflora'' Poelln.
*'' Anacampseros pisina'' G.Will.
*'' Anacampseros prominens'' G.Will.
*'' Anacampseros quinaria'' E.Mey. ex Fenzl
*'' Anacampseros recurvata'' Schönland
*'' Anacampseros recurvata'' subsp. buderiana (Poelln.) Gerbaulet
*'' Anacampseros recurvata'' subsp. minuta Gerbaulet
*''Anacampseros retusa'' Poelln.
*'' Anacampseros rhodesica'' N.E.Br.
*'' Anacampseros rubroviridis'' Poelln.
*''Anacampseros rufescens'' (Haw.) Sweet
*'' Anacampseros ruschii'' Dinter & Poelln.
*'' Anacampseros schoenlandii'' Poelln.
*'' Anacampseros scopata'' G.Will.
*'' Anacampseros starkiana'' Poelln.
*'' Anacampseros subnuda'' Poelln.
*'' Anacampseros subnuda'' subsp. lubbersii (Bleck) Gerbaulet
*''Anacampseros telephiastrum'' DC.
*'' Anacampseros tomentosa'' A.Berger
*'' Anacampseros truncata'' Poelln.
*''Anacampseros ustulata'' E.Mey. ex Fenzl
*''Anacampseros vanthielii'' G.Will.
*'' Anacampseros variabilis'' Poelln.
*'' Anacampseros vespertina'' Thulin
*'' Anacampseros vulcanensis'' Añon
*''Anacampseros wischkonii'' Dinter & Poelln.

File:Anacampseros albidiflora - Witteberge - Copy.jpg, ''Anacampseros albidiflora''
File:Anacampseros arachnoidea - Zoo Plzeň, 2.jpg, ''Anacampseros arachnoides'' (Little Karoo) has pink-to-white flowers and compact, ovoid, hairy leaves, each with a minute acuminate spine.
File:1 Anacampseros retusa - Ashton 4 - Copy.jpg, ''Anacampseros retusa''
File:Anacampseros telephiastrum - Bonnievale 3.jpg, '' Anacampseros lanceolata'' (Western Cape) has smooth, hairless, acute-tipped leaves, and a branched inflorescence with broadly ovate petals, 30-45 stamens per flower and angular seeds.
1 Anacampseros filamentosa - Ladismith 2 - Copy.jpg, ''Anacampseros filamentosa'' (Northern Cape and Namibia) has hairy, rounded-truncate leaves and slender elliptic-lanceolate petals on its uniformly pink flowers.
File:Anacampseros rufescens kz01.jpg, ''Anacampseros rufescens'' (Eastern Cape Province) a pink-flowered species. Leaf undersides are usually reddish and it has numerous axillary hairs.
File:Anacampseros subnuda, habitus, a, Skeerpoort.jpg, '' Anacampseros subnuda'' has obtuse-tipped leaves, that lose their velt-hair, becoming smooth with age.

Uses and significance

Folk uses and views on the genus are incoherent and regional. Some species are regarded as narcotic or outright poisonous, but tests on sheep gave no positive result and some of the notionally toxic species are used in adulterating beer. Several species have been used in making various forms of beer, but it is not clear what the intended effect might be, although some species appears to have some activity in hydrolysing some carbohydrates. Some species are used as charms and non-specific "medicines".Watt, John Mitchell; Breyer-Brandwijk, Maria Gerdina: The Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of Southern and Eastern Africa 2nd ed Pub. E & S Livingstone 1962

References

Botanica Sistematica





{{Taxonbar, from=Q310563

Caryophyllales genera
Anacampserotaceae