Amílcar Augusto Queirós de Sousa (; 1876–1940) was a Portuguese

medical doctor A physician (American English), medical practitioner (Commonwealth English), medical doctor, or simply doctor, is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through th ...

, and author of many health books, being the most famous ''O Naturismo'' (''Naturism''), published in 1912.

Biography

pioneer Pioneer commonly refers to a settler who migrates to previously uninhabited or sparsely inhabited land. In the United States pioneer commonly refers to an American pioneer, a person in American history who migrated west to join in settling and dev ...

vegetarianism Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, insects, and the flesh of any other animal). It may also include abstaining from eating all by-products of animal slaughter. Vegetarianism may ...

Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of ...

, he was the president of the first Portuguese vegetarian society, the ''Sociedade Vegetariana de Portugal'', founded in the city of

Porto Porto or Oporto () is the second-largest city in Portugal, the capital of the Porto District, and one of the Iberian Peninsula's major urban areas. Porto city proper, which is the entire municipality of Porto, is small compared to its metropol ...

, 1911, and the director of ''O Vegetariano'' (''The Vegetarian''), a monthly magazine on vegetarianism. A native of Alijó, Sousa corresponded with many well-known personalities from medicine and science, such as the German naturalist

Ernst Haeckel Ernst Heinrich Philipp August Haeckel (; 16 February 1834 – 9 August 1919) was a German zoologist, naturalist, eugenicist, philosopher, physician, professor, marine biologist and artist. He discovered, described and named thousands of new sp ...

, the

American American(s) may refer to: * American, something of, from, or related to the United States of America, commonly known as the "United States" or "America" ** Americans, citizens and nationals of the United States of America ** American ancestry, pe ...

John Harvey Kellogg, and the French physician Paul Carton. He advocated a

raw Raw is an adjective usually describing: * Raw materials, basic materials from which products are manufactured or made * Raw food, uncooked food Raw or RAW may also refer to: Computing and electronics * .RAW, a proprietary mass spectrometry dat ...

vegetarian Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, insects, and the flesh of any other animal). It may also include abstaining from eating all by-products of animal slaughter. Vegetarianism m ...

diet. He was also against eggs,

milk Milk is a white liquid food produced by the mammary glands of mammals. It is the primary source of nutrition for young mammals (including breastfed human infants) before they are able to digestion, digest solid food. Immune factors and immune ...

tobacco Tobacco is the common name of several plants in the genus '' Nicotiana'' of the family Solanaceae, and the general term for any product prepared from the cured leaves of these plants. More than 70 species of tobacco are known, but the ...

and

alcohol Alcohol most commonly refers to: * Alcohol (chemistry), an organic compound in which a hydroxyl group is bound to a carbon atom * Alcohol (drug), an intoxicant found in alcoholic drinks Alcohol may also refer to: Chemicals * Ethanol, one of sev ...

. He said that eating an egg was the same as ”eating a chicken embryo” and that milk was “not the food of man.” D. M. Richardson wrote in the magazine ''The Healthy Life'' (July, 1912): He was also a

pacifist Pacifism is the opposition or resistance to war, militarism (including conscription and mandatory military service) or violence. Pacifists generally reject theories of Just War. The word ''pacifism'' was coined by the French peace campaign ...

and frequently criticized war in his articles. He considered

Pythagoras Pythagoras of Samos ( grc, Πυθαγόρας ὁ Σάμιος, Pythagóras ho Sámios, Pythagoras the Samos, Samian, or simply ; in Ionian Greek; ) was an ancient Ionians, Ionian Ancient Greek philosophy, Greek philosopher and the eponymou ...

to be the most notable philosopher of all time and wrote that

Jean-Jacques Rousseau Jean-Jacques Rousseau (, ; 28 June 1712 – 2 July 1778) was a Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer. His political philosophy influenced the progress of the Age of Enlightenment throughout Europe, as well as aspects of the French Revolu ...

was the best educator, as in ''

Émile, or On Education ''Emile, or On Education'' (french: Émile, ou De l’éducation) is a treatise on the nature of education and on the nature of man written by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who considered it to be the "best and most important" of all his writings. Due t ...

'', he valued education in contact with nature. Sousa died in

in 1940.

Books in Spanish

Most of his books have been translated to Spanish. Some of them are: * ''El naturismo'' La Gutenberg. 1913. Valencia. * ''La salud por el naturismo'' La Gutenberg. 1918. Valencia * ''Tesis médica naturista'' * ''La curación del estreñimiento'' * ''Catecismo naturista'' * ''El naturismo en veinte lecciones'' * ''Cómo detendremos la muerte?'' (with Capo, N.) * ''Tesis Medica Naturista''. Sauch. 1976. BarcelonaCatálogo general de libros Antiguos

References

* ''O Vegetariano: Mensário Naturista Ilustrado'', Porto. * ''Grande enciclopédia portuguesa e brasileira'', Edição de Editorial Enciclopédia, limitada, 1936, volume 29, p. 761. * ''Grande enciclopédia portuguesa e brasileira'', Edição de Editorial Enciclopédia, limitada, 1936, volume 34, p. 416. * Delmar Domingos de Carvalho, ''Vegetarianismo, a solução para uma vida e um mundo melhor'', Editorial Minerva, Lisboa, 2009
A fotografia como prova documental da robustez dos vegetaristas, vegetarianos e frugívoros
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sousa, Amilcar de 1876 births 1940 deaths Portuguese nutritionists Portuguese male writers Portuguese translators Portuguese non-fiction writers Raw foodists European pacifists 20th-century Portuguese physicians 19th-century Portuguese physicians 19th-century male writers 19th-century translators Vegetarianism activists Male non-fiction writers

Biography

Books in Spanish

See also

References