''Amischotolype'' is a genus of perennial
monocotyledonous flowering plants in the
Commelinaceae. It is found in
Central Africa and from
India through
Southeast Asia to
New Guinea,
[Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]
/ref>[Duistermaat, H. (2012). A taxonomic revision of Amischotolype (Commelinaceae) in Asia. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 64: 51-131.]
The name is derived from the Ancient Greek words αμισχος, meaning 'unstalked', and τολυπη, meaning 'tangle'.[ The genus is characterised by its rather compact inflorescences which are composed on two or more cincinni that pierce through the base of the leaf sheath, and also by its seeds that are embedded in red ]aril
An aril (pronounced ), also called an arillus, is a specialized outgrowth from a seed that partly or completely covers the seed. An arillode or false aril is sometimes distinguished: whereas an aril grows from the attachment point of the see ...
s. Flowers are actinomorphic, and anther
The stamen (plural ''stamina'' or ''stamens'') is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium., p. 10
Morphology and terminology
A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filam ...
s release their pollen either through a pore at the tip or slits down the sides. They are typically encountered in forest understories.
The closely related genus '' Porandra'', which consists of three Asian species, is considered by Robert Faden, a leading authority on the family, to be "doubtfully distinct" from ''Amischotolype''.DNA sequence
DNA sequencing is the process of determining the nucleic acid sequence – the order of nucleotides in DNA. It includes any method or technology that is used to determine the order of the four bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. Th ...
s has shown that ''Amischotolype'' is most closely related to the genus ''Coleotrype
''Coleotrype'' is a genus of perennial monocotyledonous flowering plants in the dayflower family. It is found in Africa and Madagascar.
The genus is characterised by its extremely contracted inflorescences with each unit being subtended by a re ...
'', while these two are in turn most closely related to the genus ''Cyanotis
Cyanotis (syn. ''Tonningia'') is a genus of mainly perennial plants in the family Commelinaceae, first described in 1825. It is native to Africa, southern Asia, and northern Australia.Dyer, R. Allen, “The Genera of Southern African Flowering Pl ...
'' plus its very close relative ''Belosynapsis
Belosynapsis is a genus of mainly perennial plants in the family Commelinaceae, first described in 1871. It is native to Southeast Asia, the Indian Subcontinent, Papuasia, and southern China.
; Species
* ''Belosynapsis ciliata'' (Blume) R.S.Rao ...
''. These four genera form a clade
A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ...
that is found only in the Old World
The "Old World" is a term for Afro-Eurasia that originated in Europe , after Europeans became aware of the existence of the Americas. It is used to contrast the continents of Africa, Europe, and Asia, which were previously thought of by the ...
, while all of its immediate ancestors are present only in the New World.[
* '']Amischotolype barbarossa
''Amischotolype'' is a genus of perennial monocotyledonous flowering plants in the Commelinaceae. It is found in Central Africa and from India through Southeast Asia to New Guinea, with the great majority or species found in Asia.Duistermaat, H ...
'' Duist. - Myanmar, Thailand, Sumatra
* ''Amischotolype divaricata
''Amischotolype'' is a genus of perennial monocotyledonous flowering plants in the Commelinaceae. It is found in Central Africa and from India through Southeast Asia to New Guinea, with the great majority or species found in Asia.Duistermaat, H ...
'' Duist. - Indochina, Sumatra
* ''Amischotolype dolichandra
''Amischotolype'' is a genus of perennial monocotyledonous flowering plants in the Commelinaceae. It is found in Central Africa and from India through Southeast Asia to New Guinea, with the great majority or species found in Asia.Duistermaat, H ...
'' Duist. - Assam
* ''Amischotolype glabrata
''Amischotolype'' is a genus of perennial monocotyledonous flowering plants in the Commelinaceae. It is found in Central Africa and from India through Southeast Asia to New Guinea, with the great majority or species found in Asia.Duistermaat, H ...
'' Hassk. - Himalayas, southern China, Tibet, Indochina, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, western Indonesia
* ''Amischotolype gracilis
''Amischotolype'' is a genus of perennial monocotyledonous flowering plants in the Commelinaceae. It is found in Central Africa and from India through Southeast Asia to New Guinea, with the great majority or species found in Asia.Duistermaat, H ...
'' (Ridl.) I.M.Turner - Borneo, Malaya, Sumatra
* ''Amischotolype griffithii
''Amischotolype'' is a genus of perennial monocotyledonous flowering plants in the Commelinaceae. It is found in Central Africa and from India through Southeast Asia to New Guinea, with the great majority or species found in Asia.Duistermaat, H ...
'' (C.B.Clarke) I.M.Turner - Malaya, Riau Islands
* ''Amischotolype hirsuta
''Amischotolype'' is a genus of perennial monocotyledonous flowering plants in the Commelinaceae. It is found in Central Africa and from India through Southeast Asia to New Guinea, with the great majority or species found in Asia.Duistermaat, H ...
'' (Hallier f.) Duist. - Borneo, Sumatra
* ''Amischotolype hispida
''Amischotolype'' is a genus of perennial monocotyledonous flowering plants in the Commelinaceae. It is found in Central Africa and from India through Southeast Asia to New Guinea, with the great majority or species found in Asia.Duistermaat, H ...
'' (A.Rich.) D.Y.Hong - Borneo, Sulawesi, Philippines, Maluku, New Guinea
* ''Amischotolype hookeri
''Amischotolype'' is a genus of perennial monocotyledonous flowering plants in the Commelinaceae. It is found in Central Africa and from India through Southeast Asia to New Guinea, with the great majority or species found in Asia.Duistermaat, H. ...
'' (Hassk.) H.Hara - Nepal, Bangladesh, Assam, Bhutan, Arunachal Pradesh
* ''Amischotolype irritans
''Amischotolype'' is a genus of perennial monocotyledonous flowering plants in the Commelinaceae. It is found in Central Africa and from India through Southeast Asia to New Guinea, with the great majority or species found in Asia.Duistermaat, H ...
'' (Ridl.) I.M.Turner - Thailand, Sumatra, Malaya
* '' Amischotolype laxiflora'' (Merr.) Faden - Borneo, Sulawesi
* ''Amischotolype leiocarpa
''Amischotolype'' is a genus of perennial monocotyledonous flowering plants in the Commelinaceae. It is found in Central Africa and from India through Southeast Asia to New Guinea, with the great majority or species found in Asia.Duistermaat, H ...
'' (Hallier f.) Duist. - Borneo
* '' Amischotolype lobata'' Duist. - Borneo
* '' Amischotolype marginata'' (Blume) Hassk - Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines
* '' Amischotolype mollissima'' (Blume) Hassk - Java, Sumatra
* '' Amischotolype monosperma'' (C.B.Clarke) I.M.Turner - Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo
* '' Amischotolype parvifructa'' Duist. - Cameron Highlands of Malaysia
* '' Amischotolype pedicellata'' Duist. - Borneo
* '' Amischotolype rostrata'' (Hassk.) Duist. - Java, Sumatra, Maluku
* '' Amischotolype sphagnorrhiza'' Cowley - Brunei, Sarawak
* '' Amischotolype strigosa'' Duist. - Sumatra
* ''Amischotolype tenuis
''Amischotolype'' is a genus of perennial monocotyledonous flowering plants in the Commelinaceae. It is found in Central Africa and from India through Southeast Asia to New Guinea, with the great majority or species found in Asia.Duistermaat, H ...
'' (C.B.Clarke) R.S.Rao - Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo-Brazzaville, Equatorial Guinea, Central African Republic, Zaire
* '' Amischotolype welzeniana'' Duist. - Myanmar, Thailand
References
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{{Taxonbar, from=Q4746802
Commelinaceae
Commelinales genera