The Amiot 354 was the last in a series of fast, twin-engine bombers which fought with the

French Air Force The French Air and Space Force (AAE) (french: Armée de l'air et de l'espace, ) is the air and space force of the French Armed Forces. It was the first military aviation force in history, formed in 1909 as the , a service arm of the French Army; ...

in limited numbers during the

Battle of France The Battle of France (french: bataille de France) (10 May – 25 June 1940), also known as the Western Campaign ('), the French Campaign (german: Frankreichfeldzug, ) and the Fall of France, was the Nazi Germany, German invasion of French Third Rep ...

Development

The Amiot 350 series originated in the same 1934 requirement as a rival to the Lioré et Olivier LeO 451. Derived from the

Amiot 341 The Amiot 354 was the last in a series of fast, twin-engine bombers which fought with the List of aircraft of the French Air Force during World War II, French Air Force in limited numbers during the Battle of France. Development The Amiot 350 s ...

mail plane, the Amiot 340

prototype A prototype is an early sample, model, or release of a product built to test a concept or process. It is a term used in a variety of contexts, including semantics, design, electronics, and Software prototyping, software programming. A prototyp ...

was involved in a propaganda flight to Berlin in August 1938 to convince the Germans that the French employed modern bombers. Though 130 machines were ordered by the French government that year, production delays and modifications ensured that by September 1939 none had been delivered. 830 of this very modern aircraft were eventually ordered but only 80 machines were received by the Air Ministry. The main variant was the twin-tailed 351; due to delays, the single-tailed 354 was accepted into service as an interim type. The Amiot 351 was intended to carry a MAC 1934 machine gun in nose and ventral positions and a Hispano-Suiza HS.404 cannon in the dorsal position. Due to technical problems with the armament installation, many aircraft went to operational units with only a rifle-calibre machine-gun in the dorsal position.

Operational history

In May 1940, the Amiot 351/354 was in the process of equipping just two bomber ''groupes'': GB 1/21 and GB II/21 based at Avignon. Though 200 were in the final stages of construction, only 35 were ready for flight. This situation was exacerbated by the Amiot 351/354 being built in three factories, two of which were later bombed by the Germans. On 16 May 1940, the Amiot 351/354s carried out armed reconnaissance sorties over Maastricht in the Netherlands - the first operation conducted by planes of this type. By June, the Amiot 351/354 was also delivered for GB I/34 and GB II/34, neither flying them in combat. At that time, all Amiot 351/354s were based on the northern front. Three had been lost in combat and ten in training accidents. All aircraft were ordered to evacuate to Africa on 17 June, 37 surviving the trip. As their numbers were too few to engage the Italians, the aircraft were sent back to Metropolitan France and their ''groupes'' disbanded in August 1940. Five Amiot 351/354s continued to be used as mail planes after the

. Four Amiot 351/354s were commandeered by the '' Luftwaffe'' as transports, two found service in the 1./ ''Kampfgeschwader'' 200 a special service unit. Engines taken from these aircraft were later used on Messerschmitt Me 323 cargo transports.

Variants

Amiot 356 front photo L'Aerophile December 1942

Amiot 370 photo L'Aerophile December 1938

;Amiot 340.01 :Two 686 kW (920 hp) Gnome-Rhône 14P, single-tail prototype (one built) ;Amiot 350 : 351 re-engined with two 686 kW (920 hp)

Hispano-Suiza 12Y-28 The Hispano-Suiza 12Y was an aircraft engine produced by Hispano-Suiza for the French Air Force before the Second World War. The 12Y became the primary French 1,000 hp (750 kW) class engine and was used in a number of famous aircraft, i ...

/ Hispano-Suiza 12Y-29 engines (one built) ;Amiot 351.01 : Amiot 351 prototype. ;Amiot 351 : Two 707 kW (950 hp) Gnome-Rhône 14N-38 / Gnome-Rhône 14N-39, twin-tail (17) (This number may be low) ;Amiot 352 : 351 re-engined with two 820 kW (1,100 hp) Hispano-Suiza 12Y-50 /

Hispano-Suiza 12Y-51 The Hispano-Suiza 12Y was an aircraft engine produced by Hispano-Suiza for the French Air Force before the Second World War. The 12Y became the primary French 1,000 hp (750 kW) class engine and was used in a number of famous aircraft, i ...

engines (one built) ;Amiot 353 : 351 re-engined with two 768 kW (1,030 hp)

Rolls-Royce Merlin III The Rolls-Royce Merlin is a British liquid-cooled V-12 piston aero engine of 27- litres (1,650 cu in) capacity. Rolls-Royce designed the engine and first ran it in 1933 as a private venture. Initially known as the PV-12, it was later ...

engines (one built) ;Amiot 354 : 351 re-engined with two 798 kW (1,070 hp) Gnome-Rhône 14N-48 / Gnome-Rhône 14N-49, most with single-tail. (45) (This number is probably low) ;Amiot 355.01 : 351 re-engined with two 895 kW (1,200 hp) Gnome-Rhône 14R-2 / Gnome-et-Rhone 14R-3 engines (one built) ;Amiot 356.01 : 354 re-engined with two 842 kW (1,130 hp)

Rolls-Royce Merlin X The Rolls-Royce Merlin is a British liquid-cooled V-12 piston aero engine of 27- litres (1,650 cu in) capacity. Rolls-Royce designed the engine and first ran it in 1933 as a private venture. Initially known as the PV-12, it was later ...

engines (one built) ;Amiot 357 : high-altitude prototype with pressurized

cabin Cabin may refer to: Buildings * Beach cabin, a small wooden hut on a beach * Log cabin, a house built from logs * Cottage, a small house * Chalet, a wooden mountain house with a sloping roof * Cabin, small free-standing structures that serve as in ...

, two 895 kW (1,200 hp) Hispano-Suiza 12Z-89

turbocharged In an internal combustion engine, a turbocharger (often called a turbo) is a forced induction device that is powered by the flow of exhaust gases. It uses this energy to compress the intake gas, forcing more air into the engine in order to pro ...

engines (one built) ;Amiot 358 : 351 re-engined post-war with two 895 kW (1,200 hp)

Pratt & Whitney R-1830 The Pratt & Whitney R-1830 Twin Wasp is an American air-cooled radial aircraft engine. It displaces and its bore and stroke are both . The design traces its history to 1929 experiments at Pratt & Whitney on twin-row designs. Production began ...

engines (one built) ;Amiot 370 : single-tail racer with two 642 kW (860 hp) Hispano-Suiza 12Yirs /

Hispano-Suiza 12Yjrs The Hispano-Suiza 12Y was an aircraft engine produced by Hispano-Suiza for the French Air Force before the Second World War. The 12Y became the primary French 1,000 hp (750 kW) class engine and was used in a number of famous aircraft, ...

engines, developed specifically for (later cancelled) Paris-New York race (one built)

Operators

; * ''

Armee de l'Air The French Air and Space Force (AAE) (french: Armée de l'air et de l'espace, ) is the air and space force of the French Armed Forces. It was the first military aviation force in history, formed in 1909 as the , a service arm of the French Army; ...

'' ; * '' Luftwaffe''

Specifications (Amiot 354 B4)

Notes

Bibliography

* Breffort, Dominique & Jouineau, André. ''French Aircraft from 1939 to 1942'' * * * Green, William. ''War Planes of the Second World War: Volume Seven Bombers and Reconnaissance Aircraft''. London:Macdonald, 1967. * Weal, Elke C., Weal, John A., Barker, Richard F. ''Combat Aircraft of World War Two'' * Various issues of Avions magazine

External links

* http://www.avions-bateaux.com {{Amiot aircraft 354 1930s French bomber aircraft Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft