The Central Vanuatu languages form a
linkage
Linkage may refer to:
* ''Linkage'' (album), by J-pop singer Mami Kawada, released in 2010
*Linkage (graph theory), the maximum min-degree of any of its subgraphs
*Linkage (horse), an American Thoroughbred racehorse
* Linkage (hierarchical cluster ...
of
Southern Oceanic languages spoken in central
Vanuatu.
Languages
Clark (2009)
Clark (2009) provides the following classification of the Central Vanuatu languages, divided into geographic areas.
Outlier (aberrant) languages identified by Clark (2009) are in ''italics''. Clark's Central Vanuatu branch is wider in scope, including not only the Shepherd–Efate languages, but also the
Malakula and Ambrym–Paama–Epi languages.
*Central Vanuatu
**
Malakula languages
***
Northeast Malakula (
Uripiv),
Vao,
Vovo; ''
Mpotovoro''
***''
Dirak'', ''
Malua Bay''
***''
V’ënen Taut'', ''
Tape
Tape or Tapes may refer to:
Material
A long, narrow, thin strip of material (see also Ribbon (disambiguation):
Adhesive tapes
* Adhesive tape, any of many varieties of backing materials coated with an adhesive
*Athletic tape, pressure-sensitiv ...
''
***''
Larevat'', ''
Neve’ei'', ''
Naman''
***''
Navava'', ''
Nevwervwer''
***
Unua-
Pangkumu
***
Banam Bay,
Aulua
***
Lendamboi; ''
Nasarian''
***
Axamb,
Avok,
Maskelynes,
Port Sandwich
***
Sinesip,
Naha’ai; ''
Ninde''
**Ambrym–Paama–
Epi area
***
Ambrym Island
Ambrym is a volcanic island in Malampa Province in the archipelago of Vanuatu. Volcanic activity on the island includes lava lakes in two craters near the summit.
Etymology
Ambrym (also known as ''Ambrin'', ''"ham rim"'' in the Ranon language) ...
:
North Ambrym,
West Ambrym,
South Ambrym
***
Paama Island
Paama (Paama language: VoumCrowley, Terry. (1982). ''The Paamese Language of Vanuatu. Pacific Linguistics, Series B – No. 87''. Canberra: ANU Printing Services.) is a small island in Malampa Province, Vanuatu.
The island is about 8 km ...
:
Southeast Ambrym,
Paamese
***
Epi Island:
Lewo,
Lamen,
Bierebo,
Baki Baki ( ar, باقي) may refer to:
Places
* Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan ( az, Bakı)
* Baki District of the Awdal region in Somalia
*Baki town, Somaliland
* Baki, Afghanistan
* Baki, Sukoharjo, a subdistrict in Sukoharjo Regency, Jawa Tengah, ...
***
Epi Island:
Mkir,
Bieria
**Shepherd–Efate area
***
Shepherd Islands:
Nakanamanga (
Nguna); ''
Namakir''
***
Efate Island
Efate (french: Éfaté) is an island in the Pacific Ocean which is part of the Shefa Province in Vanuatu. It is also known as Île Vate.
Geography
It is the most populous (approx. 66,000) island in Vanuatu. Efate's land area of makes it Vanua ...
:
South Efate
François (2015)
The following list of 19 Central Vanuatu languages (excluding the
Malakula languages) is from François (
2015
File:2015 Events Collage new.png, From top left, clockwise: Civil service in remembrance of November 2015 Paris attacks; Germanwings Flight 9525 was purposely crashed into the French Alps; the rubble of residences in Kathmandu following the Apri ...
:18-21).
Additionally, the extinct
Sowa language
Sowa was the original language of south-central Pentecost island in Vanuatu. In the 20th century it was totally displaced by Apma, a neighbouring language. Sowa was closely related to Ske, another south Pentecost language.
Sowa was originally ...
was formerly spoken in central Vanuatu.
References
* .
{{DEFAULTSORT:Central Vanuatu Languages
Southern Oceanic languages
Languages of Vanuatu