Ambaghai or Hambaqai
Khan (; ) ( ? – died 1156) was a
khan
Khan may refer to:
*Khan (inn), from Persian, a caravanserai or resting-place for a travelling caravan
*Khan (surname), including a list of people with the name
*Khan (title), a royal title for a ruler in Mongol and Turkic languages and used by ...
of the
Khamag Mongol
Khamag Mongol ( mn, Хамаг монгол, Khamag mongol, lit=the whole Mongol; ) was a major Mongolic tribal confederation (khanlig) on the Mongolian Plateau in the 12th century. It is sometimes considered to be a predecessor state to the ...
, one of the great grandsons of
Khaidu Khan
Kaidu (b. 1025 – d. 1100; Middle Mongol: ; mn, Хайду, Haidu, ) was a Mongol ruler of the Borjigin Clan who was the great-great-grandson of Bodonchar Munkhag (c. 850 – 900). Kaidu's great-grandson was Khabul Khan (died 1149), and Khab ...
and the cousin and predecessor of
Hotula Khan
Hotula Khan or Qutula Khan ( Traditional Mongolian:; ;)
(b. 1111 – d. 1161) was a Khan of Khamag Mongol and the son of Khabul Khan, and thus great-uncle of the Genghis Khan, and the nephew of Khaduli Barlas who was the ancestor of Barlas Mon ...
, he was the Leader of
Taichud
The Tayichiud (Mongolian Cyrillic: Тайчууд, Taichuud) was one of the three core tribes of the Khamag Mongol confederation on the Mongolian Plateau during the 12th century, founded by Ambaghai Khan in 1148 CE, and finally ended with Sultan ...
Clan one of sub-branch of
Borjigid, and also son and successor of Charaqai Lingqum.
Life
Ambaghai was born to Sorqaduqtu China, a son of Charaqai Lingqum
who in turn was son of
Khaidu Khan
Kaidu (b. 1025 – d. 1100; Middle Mongol: ; mn, Хайду, Haidu, ) was a Mongol ruler of the Borjigin Clan who was the great-great-grandson of Bodonchar Munkhag (c. 850 – 900). Kaidu's great-grandson was Khabul Khan (died 1149), and Khab ...
. His father is mentioned as Senggüm Bilge in ''
The Secret History of the Mongols
''The Secret History of the Mongols'' (Middle Mongol: ''Mongɣol‑un niɣuca tobciyan''; Traditional Mongolian: , Khalkha Mongolian: , ; ) is the oldest surviving literary work in the Mongolian language. It was written for the Mongol royal fam ...
.'' A member of the cadet branch of Borjigin clan, he was ruler of the
Taichuud
The Tayichiud (Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet, Mongolian Cyrillic: Тайчууд, Taichuud) was one of the three core tribes of the Khamag Mongol confederation on the Mongolian Plateau during the 12th century, founded by Ambaghai Khan in 1148 CE, and ...
tribe and later khan of
Khamag Mongol
Khamag Mongol ( mn, Хамаг монгол, Khamag mongol, lit=the whole Mongol; ) was a major Mongolic tribal confederation (khanlig) on the Mongolian Plateau in the 12th century. It is sometimes considered to be a predecessor state to the ...
. According to
Rashidaddin, he succeeded
Khabul Khan
Khabul Khan ( mn, Хабул хан; ), also rendered as Qabul Khan, Kabul Khan and Khabul Khagan, (b. 1090s/1100 – d. 1130 CE.) was the founder and first known Khan of the Khamag Mongol confederation and great-grandfather of Genghis Khan. and ...
, because he was seniormost in Borjigid line.
Toward the end of his rule, he was captured alongside
Khabul Khan
Khabul Khan ( mn, Хабул хан; ), also rendered as Qabul Khan, Kabul Khan and Khabul Khagan, (b. 1090s/1100 – d. 1130 CE.) was the founder and first known Khan of the Khamag Mongol confederation and great-grandfather of Genghis Khan. and ...
's son Tödö'en Otchigin by the
Tatars
The Tatars ()[Tatar]
in the Collins English Dictionary is an umbrella term for different when he was on a trip to marry his son Qadaan Taishi to a daughter of the chief of the Airu'ut Tatars. In fact, this was done under the commands of the
Jurchen Jin dynasty in response to the Mongols' growing power. He was brought to the Jin capital
Zhongdu
Zhongdu (, lit. "Central Capital") was the capital of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty in medieval China. It was located in the southwestern part of Beijing's Xicheng District. It had a population of nearly one million by the late 12th century, and ...
, crucified, and then hacked to death. Sources do not give exact date on Ambaghai's reign or death date. According to Chih-Shu Eva Cheng's calculation, he died at same time as Marcus, khan of the
Naimans
The Naiman ( Mongolian: Найман, Naiman, "eight"; ; Kazakh: Найман, Naiman; Uzbek: Nayman) were a medieval tribe originating in the territory of modern Western Mongolia (possibly during the time of the Uyghur Khaganate), and are one o ...
and father of
Cyriacus
Cyriacus ( el, Ἅγιος Κυριακός, fl. 303 AD), sometimes Anglicized as Cyriac, according to Christian tradition, is a Christian martyr who was killed in the Diocletianic Persecution. He is one of twenty-seven saints, most of them mart ...
.
While
Christoph Baumer
Christoph Baumer (born June 23, 1952) is a Swiss explorer and historian of Central Asia. From 1984 onwards, he has conducted explorations in Central Asia, China, Tibet and the Caucasus, the results of which have been published in numerous books ...
states he reigned through 1146–1156. He was followed by
Hotula Khan
Hotula Khan or Qutula Khan ( Traditional Mongolian:; ;)
(b. 1111 – d. 1161) was a Khan of Khamag Mongol and the son of Khabul Khan, and thus great-uncle of the Genghis Khan, and the nephew of Khaduli Barlas who was the ancestor of Barlas Mon ...
, his distant cousin.
His son Qadaan Taishi followed him as de facto chief of Taichuud and joined Hotula Khan on his campaigns against Tatars. But he was poisoned in 1160s, possibly by his brothers and cousins over succession.
Qadaan seems to be succeeded by Targutai Kiriltuk - a rival of
Genghis Khan
''Chinggis Khaan'' ͡ʃʰiŋɡɪs xaːŋbr />Mongol script: ''Chinggis Qa(gh)an/ Chinggis Khagan''
, birth_name = Temüjin
, successor = Tolui (as regent)Ögedei Khan
, spouse =
, issue =
, house = Borjigin
, ...
later.
In 1211
Genghis Khan
''Chinggis Khaan'' ͡ʃʰiŋɡɪs xaːŋbr />Mongol script: ''Chinggis Qa(gh)an/ Chinggis Khagan''
, birth_name = Temüjin
, successor = Tolui (as regent)Ögedei Khan
, spouse =
, issue =
, house = Borjigin
, ...
instigated the
Mongol–Jin War
The Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty, also known as the Mongol–Jin War, was fought between the Mongol Empire and the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty in Manchuria and North China. The war, which started in 1211, lasted over 23 years and ended wi ...
, ending in the fall of the Jin dynasty, in sworn revenge for Ambaghai's kidnapping and execution.
Family
He left several sons with his two wives - Orbei and Sokhatai:
# Adal Khan
## Targutai Kiriltuk (d. 1201) — chief of Taichuuds and a rival of
Genghis Khan
''Chinggis Khaan'' ͡ʃʰiŋɡɪs xaːŋbr />Mongol script: ''Chinggis Qa(gh)an/ Chinggis Khagan''
, birth_name = Temüjin
, successor = Tolui (as regent)Ögedei Khan
, spouse =
, issue =
, house = Borjigin
, ...
.
# Au'chu Baghatur
# Qadaan Taishi
# Quril Baghatur
# Töda'a — one of the sub-chiefs of Taichuuds during reign of Genghis Khan.
# Qodun Orchang
# Bakhachi
# Udor Bayan
In Media
* He was portrayed by Wuri Jitu in
''Genghis Khan'' (2004 TV series)
References
See also
*
Family tree of Genghis Khan
The family tree of Genghis Khan is listed below. This family tree only lists prominent members of the Borjigin family and does not reach the present. Genghis Khan appears in the middle of the tree, and Kublai Khan appears at the bottom of the tree ...
*
Ambagyan
Abaoji (872–6 September 926), posthumously known by his temple name as the Emperor Taizu of Liao, was a Khitan leader and the founding emperor of the Liao dynasty of China, ruling from 916 to 926. He had a sinicised name, Yelü Yi; some sourc ...
- Khagan of the
Khitan Empire
The Liao dynasty (; Khitan: ''Mos Jælud''; ), also known as the Khitan Empire (Khitan: ''Mos diau-d kitai huldʒi gur''), officially the Great Liao (), was an imperial dynasty of China that existed between 916 and 1125, ruled by the Yelü ...
Executed Mongolian people
Executed monarchs
12th-century Mongol rulers
12th-century executions
Mongol khans
People executed by the Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
People executed by crucifixion
Year of birth unknown
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