Diplosentidae is a family of parasitic worms from the order

Echinorhynchida Echinorhynchida is an order of parasitic worms in the phylum Acanthocephala. It contains the following families: * Arhythmacanthidae Yamaguti, 1935 * Cavisomidae Meyer, 1932 * Diplosentidae Tubangui and Masiluñgan, 1937 *Echinorhynchidae Cobbol ...

Taxonomy

The family ''Diplosentidae'' was established by Tubangui and Masiluñgan in 1937 based on ''Diplosentis amphacanthi''. The family now contains six genera divided into two subfamilies. The family is characterised by the absence of trunk spines, the presence of just two cement glands, heavily coiled lemnisci said to be enclosed in a membranous sac and similar hooks on the proboscis.Pichelin, S. & Cribb, T. (2001). The status of the Diplosentidae (Acanthocephala: Palaeacanthocephala) and a new family of acanthocephalans from Australian wrasses (Pisces: Labridae). ''Folia Parasitologica'', 48(4), 289–303. Golvan, in 1969, placed Pararhadinorhynchus in the Diplosentinae because they had two cement glands and no trunk spines. Golvan also created in 1969 the Allorhadinorhynchinae based on Allorhadinorhynchus for diplosentids with two cement glands and trunk spines. Subsequently, Noronha et al. in 1978, added Golvanorhynchus, Amin and Sey in 1996 added Slendrorhynchus and Salgado-Maldonado and Santos added Amapacanthus in 2000 all within the Allorhadinorhynchinae subfamily. However, two of these genera (''Golvanorhynchus'' and ''Slendrorhynchus'') has modified the concept of the family to include genera with more than two cement glands. The type species of ''Allorhadinorhynchus'', ''A. segmentatum'' was described by Yamaguti in 1959 as having only two cement glands but Araki and Machida in 1987 showed that this species has four cement glands. They proposed the new combination of ''Micracanthorhynchina segmentata'' which implies membership of the ''Rhadinorhynchidae''. As a result, they synonymised ''Allorhadinorhynchus'' with ''Micracanthorhynchina''. This action also had significance for the subfamily Allorhadinorhynchinae which should have fallen into synonymy, however, this has not been commented on by any authors. Despite this well-argued action, Amin and Sey in 1996 did not recognise the new combination proposed by Araki and Machida in 1987, stating without argumentation that it was “invalid”. Thus the family has little morphological integrity.

Species

Arhythmacanthidae has 2 subfamilies (Allorhadinorhynchinae and Diplosentinae) and the following species:

Allorhadinorhynchinae Golvan, 1969

Allorhadinorhynchus Diplosentidae is a family of parasitic worms from the order Echinorhynchida. Taxonomy The family ''Diplosentidae'' was established by Tubangui and Masiluñgan in 1937 based on ''Diplosentis amphacanthi''. The family now contains six genera divi ...

'' Yamaguti, 1959 * ''Allorhadinorhynchus segmentatum'' Yamaguti, 1959 ''A. segmentatum'' is the only species and thus the

type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen ...

of the genus ''Allorhadinorhynchus''. It parasitizes the Japanese halfbeak (''Hyporhamphus sajori)''.

Diplosentinae Tubangui and Masiluñgan, 1937

'' Amapacanthus'' Salgado-Maldonado & Santos, 2000 *''Amapacanthus amazonicus'' Salgado-Maldonado & Santos, 2000 ''A. amazonicus'' parasitizes the Passany sea catfish (''Sciades passany'' reported as the synonym ''Arius passany'') and the Foureyes (''Anableps microleps''). '' Diplosentis'' Tubangui & Masilungan, 1937 *''Diplosentis amphacanthi'' Tubangui & Masilungan, 1937 ''D. amphacanthi'' was collected in the

Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...

from the White-spotted spinefoot (''Siganus canaliculatus'' but reported as the synonym ''Amphacanthus oramin'') which occurs widely in the tropical Indo-Pacific. *''Diplosentis manteri'' Gupta & Fatma, 1979 ''D. manteri'' was described from a single specimen from the Threadfin sea catfish (''Arius arius'') in

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

. ''

Pararhadinorhynchus ''Pararhadinorhynchus'' is a genus of worms belonging to the family Diplosentidae Diplosentidae is a family of parasitic worms from the order Echinorhynchida. Taxonomy The family ''Diplosentidae'' was established by Tubangui and Masiluñgan ...

'' Johnston and Edmonds, 1947 *''Pararhadinorhynchus coorongensis'' Edmonds, 1973 ''P. coorongensis'' was found parasitizing the

Yellow-eye mullet Yellow-eye mullet (''Aldrichetta forsteri''), also known as Coorong mullet (after the Coorong area of South Australia), conmuri, estuary mullet, Forster's mullet, freshwater mullet, pilch, pilchard, Victor Harbor mullet, yelloweye, yellow-eyed ...

(''Aldrichetta forsteri''). *''Pararhadinorhynchus mugilis'' Johnston and Edmonds, 1947 It is commonly found parasitizing the Flathead grey mullet (''Mugil cephalus''). *''Pararhadinorhynchus upenei'' Wang, Wang and Wu, 1993 ''P. upenei'' was found parasitizing the Sulphur goatfish (''Upeneus sulphureus'').

Hosts

''Diplosentidae'' species parasitize fish hosts. File:Yellow-eye mullet.jpg, alt=A caught Yellow-eye mullet held in a hand, ''Pararhadinorhynchus coorongensis'' was found parasitizing the

File:A preserved mullet.jpg, alt=A preserved Flathead grey mullet on a tray, The Flathead grey mullet is one of the hosts of ''Pararhadinorhynchus mugilis''

Notes

References

Diplosentidae Meyer, 1932 at the World Register of Marine Species web-site
{{Taxonbar, from=Q2301012 Echinorhynchida Acanthocephala families