Amabiline is a

pyrrolizidine alkaloid Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), sometimes referred to as necine bases, are a group of naturally occurring alkaloids based on the structure of pyrrolizidine. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are produced by plants as a defense mechanism against insect he ...

first isolated in 1967 from '' Cynoglossum amabile''. It is also found in the seeds and flowers of

borage Borage ( or ; ''Borago officinalis''), also known as starflower, is an annual herb in the flowering plant family Boraginaceae. It is native to the Mediterranean region, and has naturalized in many other locales. It grows satisfactorily in gard ...

(''Borago officinalis'') and in

borage seed oil Borage seed oil is derived from the seeds of the plant, ''Borago officinalis'' (borage).Borage
at ...

. Chemically, it is the

ester In chemistry, an ester is a compound derived from an oxoacid (organic or inorganic) in which at least one hydroxyl group () is replaced by an alkoxy group (), as in the substitution reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. Glycerides ar ...

derived from viridifloric acid and supinidine. Amabiline is

hepatotoxic Hepatotoxicity (from ''hepatic toxicity'') implies chemical-driven liver damage. Drug-induced liver injury is a cause of acute and chronic liver disease caused specifically by medications and the most common reason for a drug to be withdrawn fro ...

and may contribute to the potential liver damage caused by consumption of borage and its seed oil.

References

{{reflist pyrrolizidine alkaloids Esters Diols