Different types of

aluminium Aluminium (aluminum in American and Canadian English) is a chemical element with the symbol Al and atomic number 13. Aluminium has a density lower than those of other common metals, at approximately one third that of steel. I ...

-based batteries have been investigated. Several are listed below: *

Aluminium–air battery Aluminium–air batteries (Al–air batteries) produce electricity from the reaction of oxygen in the air with aluminium. They have one of the highest energy densities of all batteries, but they are not widely used because of problems with high ...

is a non-rechargeable battery. Aluminium–air batteries (Al–air batteries) produce electricity from the reaction of

oxygen Oxygen is the chemical element with the symbol O and atomic number 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group in the periodic table, a highly reactive nonmetal, and an oxidizing agent that readily forms oxides with most elements as ...

in the

air The atmosphere of Earth is the layer of gases, known collectively as air, retained by Earth's gravity that surrounds the planet and forms its planetary atmosphere. The atmosphere of Earth protects life on Earth by creating pressure allowing f ...

with aluminium. They have one of the highest energy densities of all batteries, but they are not widely used because of problems with high anode cost and byproduct removal when using traditional electrolytes. *

Aluminium-ion battery Aluminium-ion batteries are a class of rechargeable battery in which aluminium ions serve as charge carriers. Aluminium can exchange three electrons per ion. This means that insertion of one Al3+ is equivalent to three Li+ ions. Thus, since the ...

is a class of rechargeable battery in which aluminium ions provide energy. * Aluminium–chlorine battery was patented by

United States Air Force The United States Air Force (USAF) is the Aerial warfare, air military branch, service branch of the United States Armed Forces, and is one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. Originally created on 1 August 1907, as a part ...

in the 1970s and designed mostly for military applications. They use aluminium anodes and chlorine on graphite substrate cathodes. Elevated temperatures are required for these batteries to be operational. * Aluminium–sulfur battery was worked on by American researchers with great claims, although it seems that these are still far from mass production. The rechargeable aluminium–sulfur battery was first demonstrated at the University of Maryland in 2016. * Al–Fe–O, Al–Cu–O and Al–Fe–OH batteries were proposed by some researchers for military hybrid vehicles. Corresponding practical energy densities claimed are 455, 440 and 380 Wh/kg * Al–MnO manganese-dioxide battery using acidic electrolyte. These produce a high voltage of 1.9 volts. Another variation uses a base (potassium hydroxide) as the anolyte and sulfuric acid as the catholyte. The two parts being separated by a slightly permeable film to avoid mixing of the electrolyte in both half cells. This configuration gives a high voltage of 2.6–2.85 volts. * Al–glass system. As reported in an Italian patent by Baiocchi, in the interface between common silica glass and aluminium foil (no other components are required) at a temperature near the melting point of the metal, an electric voltage is generated with an electric current passing through when the system is closed onto a resistive load. The phenomenon was first observed by Baiocchi, and after Dell'Era ''et al''. (2013). began the study and the characterization of this electrochemical system.

References

{{reflist, 25em Electrochemical cells Aluminium