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The Alter Südfriedhof (''Old South Cemetery'') also known as "Alter Südlicher Friedhof" is a cemetery in
Munich Munich is the capital and most populous city of Bavaria, Germany. As of 30 November 2024, its population was 1,604,384, making it the third-largest city in Germany after Berlin and Hamburg. Munich is the largest city in Germany that is no ...
, Germany. It was founded by Duke Albrecht V as a plague cemetery in 1563 about half a kilometer south of the Sendlinger Gate between Thalkirchner and Pestalozzistraße.


History

The cemetery was established in 1563, during the reign of
Albert V, Duke of Bavaria Albert V (German: ''Albrecht V.'') (29 February 1528 – 24 October 1579) was Duke of Bavaria from 1550 until his death. He was born in Munich to William IV and Maria Jacobäa of Baden. Early life Albert was educated at Ingolstadt by Catholic ...
, for victims of the plague and located outside the city gates. It was also the burial ground of the dead from the Sendling uprising of 1705, in which over 1100 were killed after they had surrendered to the troops of
Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor Joseph I (Joseph Jacob Ignaz Johann Anton Eustachius; 26 July 1678 – 17 April 1711) was Holy Roman Emperor and ruler of the Habsburg monarchy from 1705 until his death in 1711. He was the eldest son of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor from his thir ...
. From 1788 to 1867 it was the single collective burial ground for the dead of the city.


Notable interments

Between 1788 and 1868, it served as the sole cemetery for the entire metropolitan area of Munich, resulting in the presence of notable graves belonging to several prominent figures from that period in Munich's history. * Albrecht Adam - painter, 1786-1862 * Max Emanuel Ainmiller – painter, 1807–1870 *
Franz Xaver von Baader Franz von Baader (27 March 1765 – 23 May 1841), born Benedikt Franz Xaver Baader, was a Catholic theologian, philosopher, and mining engineer from Germany. Resisting the empiricism of his day, he denounced most Western philosophy since ...
– philosopher, 1765–1841 * Jakob Bauer – first mayor, 1787–1854 * Theodor von Bischoff – anatomist and physician, 1807–1882 * Gottlieb Bodmer – painter and lithographer, 1804–1837 * Roman Anton Boos – sculptor, 1730–1810 * Friedrich Brugger – sculptor (1815–1870) *
Friedrich Bürklein Georg Friedrich Christian Bürklein (30 March 1813 – 4 December 1872) was a German architect and a pupil of Friedrich von Gärtner.Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie"Bürklein, Friedrich" (in German) Biography He was born in Burk, Middle Franconi ...
– architect, 1813–1872 * Adolf Christen – theatre director and producer, 1811–1883 * Anna Dandler – actress, 1862–1930 * Ernst Friedrich Diez – opera singer, 1805–1892 * Sophie Diez – opera singer, 1820–1887 *
Johann Georg von Dillis Johann Georg von Dillis (26 December 1759 – 28 September 1841) was a German painter. Biography He was born in Gmain near Dorfen. Son of a gamekeeper and forester, he was educated in Munich with support from the prince-elector of Bavaria. In ...
– landscape painter, 1759–1841 *
Ignaz von Döllinger Johann Joseph Ignaz von Döllinger (; 28 February 179914 January 1890), also Doellinger in English, was a German theologian, Catholic priest and church historian who rejected the dogma of papal infallibility. Among his writings which proved c ...
– theologian, 1799–1890 * Johann Georg Edlinger – painter, 1741–1819 * Alexander Eibner – painter and painting tutor, 1862–1935 * Caspar Ett – composer, 1788–1847 *
Jakob Philipp Fallmerayer Jakob Philipp Fallmerayer (10 December 1790 – 26 April 1861) was a Germans, German county of Tyrol, Tyrolean traveller, journalist, politician and historian, best known for his controversial Discontinuity (Postmodernism), discontinuity the ...
– traveller, journalist, politician and historian, 1790–1861 * Carl von Fischer – architect, 1782–1820 * Ludwig Foltz – architect, sculptor and illustrator, 1809–1867 *
Joseph von Fraunhofer Joseph Ritter von Fraunhofer (; ; 6 March 1787 – 7 June 1826) was a German physicist and optical lens manufacturer. He made optical glass, an achromatic telescope, and objective lenses. He developed diffraction grating and also invented the ...
– optician and inventor, 1787–1826 * Franz Xaver Gabelsberger – shorthand inventor, 1789–1849 *
Friedrich von Gärtner Friedrich von Gärtner (10 December 1791 in Koblenz – 21 April 1847 in Munich) was a German architect. Biography His father was also an architect, and moved in 1804 to Munich, where young Gärtner received his first education in architec ...
– architect, 1792–1847 * Sebastian Gaigel – founder of the city orphanage, 1799–1871 *
Joseph Görres Johann Joseph Görres, since 1839 von Görres (25 January 1776 – 29 January 1848), was a German writer, philosopher, theologian, historian and journalist. Early life Görres was born in Koblenz. His father was moderately well off, and sent his ...
– publicist, 1776–1848 * Charlotte von Hagn – actress (appears in the Gallery of Beauties), 1809–1891 * Johann von Halbig – sculptor, 1814–1882 * August von Hauner – teacher and professor, 1811–1884 * Peter von Hess – painter, 1792–1871 *
Wilhelm von Kaulbach Wilhelm von Kaulbach (15 October 18057 April 1874) was a Germans, German painter, noted mainly as a muralist, but also as a book illustrator. His murals decorate buildings in Munich. He is associated with the Düsseldorf school of painting. Bio ...
– history painter, 1805–1878 * Franz Xaver Kefer – educationalist and administrator, 1763–1802 *
Leo von Klenze Leo von Klenze (born Franz Karl Leopold von Klenze; 29 February 1784 – 26 January 1864) was a German architect and painter. He was the court architect of Ludwig I of Bavaria. Von Klenze was a devotee of Neoclassicism and one of the mo ...
– architect, 1784–1864 * Franz von Kobell – mineralogist and Bavarian / Palatinate dialect poet, 1803–1882 * Alexander von Kotzebue – Russo-German battle-painter, 1815–1889 *
Karl Christian Friedrich Krause Karl Christian Friedrich Krause (; 6 May 1781 – 27 September 1832) was a German philosopher whose doctrines became known as Krausism. Krausism, when considered in its totality as a complete, stand-alone philosophical system, had only a small ...
– philosopher, 1781–1832 * Ludwig Lange – architect and painter, 1808–1868 * Georg Leib – Royal Councillor of Commerce and scaffolding specialist, 1846–1910 * Justus Freiherr von Liebig – chemist and natural scientist, 1803–1873 * Ferdinand von Miller – member of the Dt. Reichstag, 1813–1887 * Hermann Joseph Mitterer – art educator and administrator, 1762–1829 * Carl Friedrich Neumann – Sinologist, 1793–1870 * Eugen Napoleon Neureuther – painter, draughtsman and etcher, 1806–1882 * Johann Nepomuk von Nussbaum – surgeon, 1829–1890 *
Georg Simon Ohm Georg Simon Ohm (; ; 16 March 1789 – 6 July 1854) was a German mathematician and physicist. As a school teacher, Ohm began his research with the new electrochemical cell, invented by Italian scientist Alessandro Volta. Using equipment of his o ...
– physicist, 1789–1854 * Max von Pettenkofer – important physician, 1818–1901 * Ludwig von der Pfordten – Bavaria's Ministerpräsident, 1811–1880 * Christian Pram-Henningsen – Danish painter, 1846–1892 *
Siegmund von Pranckh Siegmund Freiherr von Pranckh (5 December 1821, Altötting, Upper Bavaria – 8 May 1888, Munich), descendant of the ancient Austrian Austrian nobility, noble family Pranckh, originally residentiary in the former March of Styria, March and late ...
– general and Defence Minister, 1821–1888 * Georg Friedrich von Reichenbach – inventor and engineer, 1772–1826 * Josef Gabriel Rheinberger – composer and music teacher from Liechtenstein, 1839–1901 * Karl Rottmann – landscape painter, 1798–1830 *
Eduard Schleich the Elder Eduard Schleich (14 October 1812 in Vilsbiburg – 8 January 1874 in Munich) was a German painter. He is generally referred to as The Elder to distinguish him from his son Eduard Schleich the Younger, Eduard, who was also a painter. Biography ...
– painter, 1813–1874 * Friedrich Ludwig von Sckell – landscape gardener, 1750–1823 * Ludwig Schwanthaler – sculptor, 1802–1848 *
Moritz von Schwind image:Moritz von Schwind 2.jpg, 200px, Moritz von Schwind, c. 1860. Moritz von Schwind (21 January 1804 – 8 February 1871) was an Austrian painter, born in Vienna. Schwind's genius was lyrical—he drew inspiration from chivalry, folklore, and t ...
– painter, 1804–1871 * Helene Sedlmayr – symbol of ''Schönen Münchnerin'' in the Gallery of Beauties, 1813–1898 *
Franz von Seitz Franz von Seitz, born Franz Seitz (31 December 1817 – 13 April 1883) was a German painter, lithographer, engraver and costume designer as well as an art teacher and theatre director. Life Seitz was a native of Munich, Bavaria, son of Joh ...
– painter, lithographer and costume painter, 1817–1883 * Otto Seitz – painter and teacher, 1846–1912 *
Alois Senefelder Johann Alois Senefelder (6 November 177126 February 1834) was a German actor and playwright who invented the printing technique of lithography in the 1790s.Meggs, Philip B. A History of Graphic Design. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1998. p 146 Actor ...
– inventor of
lithography Lithography () is a planographic method of printing originally based on the miscibility, immiscibility of oil and water. The printing is from a stone (lithographic limestone) or a metal plate with a smooth surface. It was invented in 1796 by ...
, 1771–1834 * Johann Nepomuk Sepp – historian and politician, 1816–1909 *
Carl Spitzweg Carl Spitzweg (February 5, 1808 – September 23, 1885) was a German romantic painter, especially of genre subjects. He is considered to be one of the most important artists of the Biedermeier era. Life and career Spitzweg was born in Mun ...
– painter and apothecary, 1808–1885 * Carl August von Steinheil – physicist, 1801–1870 * Alexander Strähuber or 'Straehuber' (1814–1882), history painter, book illustrator and art professorKaltenegger, Reiner
"Grave of the Strähuber family at the Old South Cemetery Munich"
''The Cemetery Guide to the Old South Cemetery Munich''. Retrieved 30 December 2020
* Friedrich Wilhelm von Thiersch – "Praeceptor Bavariae", 1784–1860 * Gustav Vorherr – architect, 1778–1847 * Franz Widnmann – painter and graphic artist, and professor 1846–1910 * Klara Ziegler – actress and theatre founder, 1844–1909 * Anton Zwengauer – landscape painter, 1810–1884


Current use

The cemetery today serves as an Art and Cultural history monument, and is open to the public as an official Munich park. Most of the monuments, which suffered from exposure to weather and pollution, have been renovated and cleaned, in a three-year project (2004–2007). The St. Stephan's church has also been renovated.


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Alter Sudfriedhof 1563 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire Cemeteries in Munich Protected areas of Bavaria Tourist attractions in Munich Parks and open spaces in Munich