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Alpine is a
census-designated place A census-designated place (CDP) is a concentration of population defined by the United States Census Bureau for statistical purposes only. CDPs have been used in each decennial census since 1980 as the counterparts of incorporated places, such ...
(CDP) in the
Cuyamaca Mountains The Cuyamaca Mountains ( Kumeyaay: ''‘Ekwiiyemak''), locally the Cuyamacas, are a mountain range of the Peninsular Ranges System, in San Diego County, southern California. The mountain range runs roughly northwest to southeast. The Laguna Mount ...
of
San Diego County San Diego County (), officially the County of San Diego, is a county in the southwestern corner of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 3,298,634, making it California's second-most populous county and the fi ...
,
California California is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States, located along the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the List of states and territori ...
. Alpine had a population of 14,696 at the 2020 census, up from 14,236 at the 2010 census. The town is largely surrounded by the
Cleveland National Forest Cleveland National Forest encompasses 460,000 acres (), mostly of chaparral, with a few riparian areas. A warm dry mediterranean climate prevails over the forest. It is the southernmost U.S. National Forest of California. It is administered by th ...
and borders two reservations of the Kumeyaay Nation, Viejas and
Sycuan The Sycuan Band of the Kumeyaay Nation is a federally recognized tribe of Mission Indians from Southern California, located in an unincorporated area of San Diego County, California, San Diego County just east of El Cajon, California, El Cajon. Th ...
, and the rural unincorporated areas around the city of
El Cajon El Cajon ( , ; Spanish: El Cajón, meaning "the box") is a city in San Diego County, California, United States, east of downtown San Diego. The city takes its name from Rancho El Cajón, which was in turn named for the box-like shape of the va ...
.


History

Before its modern settlement, the area was part of the home of the
Kumeyaay The Kumeyaay, also known as Tipai-Ipai or by their historical Spanish name Diegueño, is a tribe of Indigenous peoples of the Americas who live at the northern border of Baja California in Mexico and the southern border of California in the Unit ...
Indians, whose ancestors had lived here for possibly as long as 12,000 years. The community's name was suggested by a resident in the 1880s who said that the environment reminded her of her native country of
Switzerland ). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel ...
. The small commercial district along Alpine Boulevard has seen some
suburban A suburb (more broadly suburban area) is an area within a metropolitan area, which may include commercial and mixed-use, that is primarily a residential area. A suburb can exist either as part of a larger city/urban area or as a separate ...
development in recent decades, and it is surrounded by large stretches of less densely populated
rural In general, a rural area or a countryside is a geographic area that is located outside towns and cities. Typical rural areas have a low population density and small settlements. Agricultural areas and areas with forestry typically are describ ...
areas that began in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Horse ranches and small farms are still common, along with open chaparral hillsides and riparian canyons.


Geography

Alpine sits on both sides of
Interstate 8 Interstate 8 (I-8) is an Interstate Highway in the southwestern United States. It runs from the southern edge of Mission Bay at Sunset Cliffs Boulevard in San Diego, California, almost at the Pacific Ocean, to the junction with I-10, ...
at the eastern extent of the California coastal region and the western extent of the
Peninsular Ranges The Peninsular Ranges (also called the Lower California province) are a group of mountain ranges that stretch from Southern California to the southern tip of the Baja California peninsula; they are part of the North American Coast Ranges, which ...
, about east of downtown
San Diego San Diego ( , ; ) is a city on the Pacific Ocean coast of Southern California located immediately adjacent to the Mexico–United States border. With a 2020 population of 1,386,932, it is the List of United States cities by population, eigh ...
, at an elevation of about . The location of Alpine is not precisely defined since it is an
unincorporated area An unincorporated area is a region that is not governed by a local municipal corporation. Widespread unincorporated communities and areas are a distinguishing feature of the United States and Canada. Most other countries of the world either have ...
. According to the
United States Geological Survey The United States Geological Survey (USGS), formerly simply known as the Geological Survey, is a scientific agency of the United States government. The scientists of the USGS study the landscape of the United States, its natural resources, ...
, it is at (32.8350521, -116.7664109), which is near the intersection of Alpine Boulevard and Tavern Road. That is approximately where most maps place Alpine.
Kumeyaay The Kumeyaay, also known as Tipai-Ipai or by their historical Spanish name Diegueño, is a tribe of Indigenous peoples of the Americas who live at the northern border of Baja California in Mexico and the southern border of California in the Unit ...
tribes are indigenous to the area, and the Ewiiaapaayp Band and
Viejas Band of Kumeyaay Indians The Viejas (Baron Long) Group of Capitan Grande Band of Mission Indians of the Viejas Reservation, also called the Viejas Band of Kumeyaay Indians, is a federally recognized tribe of Kumeyaay Indians. Reservations In 1875, the Viejas Band share ...
both have headquarters in Alpine. According to the
United States Census Bureau The United States Census Bureau (USCB), officially the Bureau of the Census, is a principal agency of the U.S. Federal Statistical System, responsible for producing data about the American people and economy. The Census Bureau is part of the ...
, it is at (32.834563, -116.770615), which is approximately west of the USGS location. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , 99.99% land and 0.01% water.
Viejas Mountain Viejas Mountain is a mountain in San Diego County in the U.S. state of California. At , Viejas Mountain is the 48th tallest peak in San Diego County. The mountain can be seen from parts of metropolitan San Diego. The summit is about northeast o ...
is the highest peak in the area, at .


Climate

According to the
Köppen Climate Classification The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by German-Russian climatologist Wladimir Köppen (1846–1940) in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen, notabl ...
system, Alpine has a
warm-summer Mediterranean climate A Mediterranean climate (also called a dry summer temperate climate ''Cs'') is a temperate climate sub-type, generally characterized by warm, dry summers and mild, fairly wet winters; these weather conditions are typically experienced in the ...
, abbreviated "Csa" on climate maps. Summers are warm and dry, and winters are cool with moderate precipitation. Temperatures are more extreme than coastal San Diego, similar to nearby
El Cajon El Cajon ( , ; Spanish: El Cajón, meaning "the box") is a city in San Diego County, California, United States, east of downtown San Diego. The city takes its name from Rancho El Cajón, which was in turn named for the box-like shape of the va ...
and
Ramona ''Ramona'' is a 1884 American novel written by Helen Hunt Jackson. Set in Southern California after the Mexican–American War, it portrays the life of a mixed-race Scottish– Native American orphan girl, who suffers racial discrimination and ...
, and less extreme than the nearby mountain and desert regions, such as Julian. Rainfall averages less than per year, falling mostly from November to March, with numerous
microclimates A microclimate (or micro-climate) is a local set of atmospheric conditions that differ from those in the surrounding areas, often with a slight difference but sometimes with a substantial one. The term may refer to areas as small as a few squa ...
and annual variation. Rainfall amounts can vary greatly from month to month, or from year to year. Average January temperatures range from the low 60s in the day to the low 40s at night. Average July temperatures range from upper 80s to the low 90s in the day to the low 60s at night. Highs of over in the summer and lows of under in the winter are occasional, particularly in the northern section of Alpine, on the slopes of
Viejas Mountain Viejas Mountain is a mountain in San Diego County in the U.S. state of California. At , Viejas Mountain is the 48th tallest peak in San Diego County. The mountain can be seen from parts of metropolitan San Diego. The summit is about northeast o ...
. Snowfall is very rare within the town of Alpine, with trace amounts falling once out of every two to three winters. However, light snow commonly falls each winter at elevations above .


Demographics


2010

At the 2010 census Alpine had a population of 14,236. The population density was . The racial makeup of Alpine was 12,424 (87.3%) White, 167 (1.2%) African American, 222 (1.6%) Native American, 319 (2.2%) Asian, 39 (0.3%) Pacific Islander, 576 (4.0%) from other races, and 489 (3.4%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2,081 persons (14.6%). The census reported that 14,098 people (99.0% of the population) lived in households, 136 (1.0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 2 (0%) were institutionalized. There were 5,248 households, 1,932 (36.8%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 3,120 (59.5%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 515 (9.8%) had a female householder with no husband present, 268 (5.1%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 283 (5.4%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 39 (0.7%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 1,048 households (20.0%) were one person and 433 (8.3%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.69. There were 3,903 families (74.4% of households); the average family size was 3.09. The age distribution was 3,403 people (23.9%) under the age of 18, 1,164 people (8.2%) aged 18 to 24, 3,133 people (22.0%) aged 25 to 44, 4,583 people (32.2%) aged 45 to 64, and 1,953 people (13.7%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 41.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.6 males. There were 5,536 housing units at an average density of 206.7 per square mile, of the occupied units 3,597 (68.5%) were owner-occupied and 1,651 (31.5%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.0%; the rental vacancy rate was 6.3%. 9,935 people (69.8% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 4,163 people (29.2%) lived in rental housing units.


2000

At the 2000 census there were 13,143 people, 4,775 households, and 3,652 families in the CDP. The population density was 489.1 inhabitants per square mile (188.9/km). There were 4,958 housing units at an average density of . The
racial makeup A race is a categorization of humans based on shared physical or social qualities into groups generally viewed as distinct within a given society. The term came into common usage during the 1500s, when it was used to refer to groups of variou ...
of the CDP was 90.8% White, 0.8% African American, 1.2% Native American, 2.0% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 2.9% from other races, and 2.2% from two or more races. 10.2% of the population were
Hispanic (U.S. Census) Race and ethnicity in the United States census, defined by the federal Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and the United States Census Bureau, are the self-identified categories of race or races and ethnicity chosen by residents, with whi ...
or Latino of any race. Of the 4,775 households 36.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.5% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.5% were non-families. 17.3% of households were one person and 7.0% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.06. The age distribution was 26.0% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 29.3% from 25 to 44, 26.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.1% 65 or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.6 males. The median household income was $61,832 and the median family income was $69,821. Males had a median income of $51,444 versus $31,891 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $29,523. About 4.9% of families and 6.6% of the population were below the
poverty line The poverty threshold, poverty limit, poverty line or breadline is the minimum level of income deemed adequate in a particular country. The poverty line is usually calculated by estimating the total cost of one year's worth of necessities for t ...
, including 9.6% of those under age 18 and 4.3% of those age 65 or over.


Education

Alpine is home to the Alpine Union School District, which manages Joan MacQueen Middle School, Boulder Oaks Elementary School, Shadow Hills Elementary School, and Creekside Early Learning Center.


Government

In the
California State Legislature The California State Legislature is a bicameral state legislature consisting of a lower house, the California State Assembly, with 80 members; and an upper house, the California State Senate, with 40 members. Both houses of the Legisla ...
Alpine is in , and in . In the
United States House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives, often referred to as the House of Representatives, the U.S. House, or simply the House, is the Lower house, lower chamber of the United States Congress, with the United States Senate, Senate being ...
, Alpine is in .


Notable people

*
Being as an Ocean Being as an Ocean is an American post-hardcore band from Alpine, California, formed in 2011. They have released five studio albums: ''Dear G-d...'', '' How We Both Wondrously Perish'', a self-titled album, ''Waiting for Morning to Come'', relea ...
, melodic hardcore band *
Sheldon Creed Sheldon M. Creed (born September 30, 1997) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He competes full-time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, driving the No. 2 Chevrolet Camaro for Richard Childress Racing. He is a member of Drivers Edge De ...
, off-road racing driver and
NASCAR The National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing, LLC (NASCAR) is an American auto racing sanctioning and operating company that is best known for stock car racing. The privately owned company was founded by Bill France Sr. in 1948, and hi ...
driver *
Marcus Giles Marcus William Giles (born May 18, 1978) is a former Major League Baseball player. He was a second baseman and batted right-handed. His older brother, Brian Giles, was an outfielder who also played in the Major Leagues. Career Giles was selected ...
, former
Major League Baseball Major League Baseball (MLB) is a professional baseball organization and the oldest major professional sports league in the world. MLB is composed of 30 total teams, divided equally between the National League (NL) and the American League (AL), ...
second baseman * Mark Grant, former Major League Baseball pitcher and San Diego Padres announcer *
Duncan D. Hunter Duncan Duane Hunter (born December 7, 1976) is an American former politician and United States Marine who served as a U.S. representative for from 2013 to 2020. He is a member of the Republican Party, who was first elected to the House in 2008 ...
, former
United States Representative The United States House of Representatives, often referred to as the House of Representatives, the U.S. House, or simply the House, is the lower chamber of the United States Congress, with the Senate being the upper chamber. Together they ...
*
Duncan L. Hunter Duncan Lee Hunter (born May 31, 1948) is an American politician. He was a Republican member of the House of Representatives from California's 52nd, 45th and 42nd districts from 1981 to 2009. Hunter was the chairman of the House Armed Servic ...
, former United States Representative *
Alex Vesia Alexander Victor Vesia (born April 11, 1996) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Los Angeles Dodgers of Major League Baseball (MLB). He made his MLB debut with the Miami Marlins in 2020. Early life Vesia was born in Alpine, Ca ...
, current Major League Baseball
pitcher In baseball, the pitcher is the player who throws ("pitches") the baseball from the pitcher's mound toward the catcher to begin each play, with the goal of retiring a batter, who attempts to either make contact with the pitched ball or draw ...
for the
Los Angeles Dodgers The Los Angeles Dodgers are an American professional baseball team based in Los Angeles. The Dodgers compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) West division. Established in 1883 in the city of Brooklyn ...
. *
Cole Whitt Cole Daniel Whitt (born June 22, 1991) is an American former professional stock car racing driver. After advancing his way through Kart racing, Whitt moved up to sprint cars and became a development driver for Team Red Bull. After running in the ...
, NASCAR driver


References


External links


Alpine Mountain Empire Chamber of Commerce

''The Alpine Sun''
- local newspaper {{authority control Census-designated places in San Diego County, California Cuyamaca Mountains East County (San Diego County) Census-designated places in California