''Alphapapillomavirus'' is a genus of
viruses
A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea.
Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's 1 ...
, in the family ''
Papillomaviridae
''Papillomaviridae'' is a family of non- enveloped DNA viruses whose members are known as papillomaviruses. Several hundred species of papillomaviruses, traditionally referred to as "types", have been identified infecting all carefully inspected ...
''. Human and monkeys serve as natural hosts. There are 14 species in this genus.
Diseases associated with this genus include: warts, papilloma, malignant tumours. Genital-type, high-risk of malignancy (cervical cancer): HPV-16, 18. Genital-type, low-risk of malignancy (genital warts): HPV-6, 11.
Taxonomy
The following species are assigned to the genus:
* ''
Alphapapillomavirus 1
''Alphapapillomavirus'' is a genus of viruses, in the family ''Papillomaviridae''. Human and monkeys serve as natural hosts. There are 14 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: warts, papilloma, malignant tumours. G ...
''
* ''
Alphapapillomavirus 2
''Alphapapillomavirus'' is a genus of viruses, in the family ''Papillomaviridae''. Human and monkeys serve as natural hosts. There are 14 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: warts, papilloma, malignant tumours. G ...
''
* ''
Alphapapillomavirus 3
''Alphapapillomavirus'' is a genus of viruses, in the family ''Papillomaviridae''. Human and monkeys serve as natural hosts. There are 14 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: warts, papilloma, malignant tumours. G ...
''
* ''
Alphapapillomavirus 4
''Alphapapillomavirus'' is a genus of viruses, in the family ''Papillomaviridae''. Human and monkeys serve as natural hosts. There are 14 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: warts, papilloma, malignant tumours. G ...
''
* ''
Alphapapillomavirus 5
''Alphapapillomavirus'' is a genus of viruses, in the family ''Papillomaviridae''. Human and monkeys serve as natural hosts. There are 14 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: warts, papilloma, malignant tumours. G ...
''
* ''
Alphapapillomavirus 6
''Alphapapillomavirus'' is a genus of viruses, in the family ''Papillomaviridae''. Human and monkeys serve as natural hosts. There are 14 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: warts, papilloma, malignant tumours. G ...
''
* ''
Alphapapillomavirus 7
''Alphapapillomavirus'' is a genus of viruses, in the family ''Papillomaviridae''. Human and monkeys serve as natural hosts. There are 14 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: warts, papilloma, malignant tumours. G ...
''
* ''
Alphapapillomavirus 8
''Alphapapillomavirus'' is a genus of viruses, in the family ''Papillomaviridae''. Human and monkeys serve as natural hosts. There are 14 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: warts, papilloma, malignant tumours. G ...
''
* ''
Alphapapillomavirus 9
''Alphapapillomavirus'' is a genus of viruses, in the family ''Papillomaviridae''. Human and monkeys serve as natural hosts. There are 14 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: warts, papilloma, malignant tumours. G ...
''
* ''
Alphapapillomavirus 10
''Alphapapillomavirus'' is a genus of viruses, in the family ''Papillomaviridae''. Human and monkeys serve as natural hosts. There are 14 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: warts, papilloma, malignant tumours. G ...
''
* ''
Alphapapillomavirus 11
''Alphapapillomavirus'' is a genus of viruses, in the family ''Papillomaviridae''. Human and monkeys serve as natural hosts. There are 14 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: warts, papilloma, malignant tumours. G ...
''
* ''
Alphapapillomavirus 12''
* ''
Alphapapillomavirus 13
''Alphapapillomavirus'' is a genus of viruses, in the family ''Papillomaviridae''. Human and monkeys serve as natural hosts. There are 14 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: warts, papilloma, malignant tumours. G ...
''
* ''
Alphapapillomavirus 14
''Alphapapillomavirus'' is a genus of viruses, in the family ''Papillomaviridae''. Human and monkeys serve as natural hosts. There are 14 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: warts, papilloma, malignant tumours. G ...
''
Structure
Viruses in ''Alphapapillomavirus'' are non-enveloped, with icosahedral geometries, and T=7 symmetry. The diameter is around 60 nm. Genomes are circular, around 8kb in length.
Life cycle
Viral replication is nuclear. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral proteins to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the dsDNA bidirectional replication model. DNA templated transcription, with some alternative splicing mechanism is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by leaky scanning, and
ribosomal shunting Ribosome shunting is a mechanism of translation initiation in which ribosomes bypass, or "shunt over", parts of the 5' untranslated region to reach the start codon. However, a benefit of ribosomal shunting is that it can translate backwards allowi ...
. The virus exits the host cell by nuclear envelope breakdown.
Humans and monkeys serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are sexual and contact.
References
External links
ICTV Report ''Papillomaviridae''ICTV
{{Taxonbar, from=Q2650996
Papillomavirus
Virus genera