''Alphabaculovirus'' is a genus of

virus A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's 1 ...

es in the family ''

Baculoviridae ''Baculoviridae'' is a family of viruses. Arthropods, among the most studied being Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera, serve as natural hosts. Currently, 85 species are placed in this family, assigned to four genera. Baculoviruses are known ...

''. The natural

hosts A host is a person responsible for guests at an event or for providing hospitality during it. Host may also refer to: Places *Host, Pennsylvania, a village in Berks County People *Jim Host (born 1937), American businessman *Michel Host ( ...

of species in this family are

invertebrate Invertebrates are a paraphyletic group of animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column (commonly known as a ''backbone'' or ''spine''), derived from the notochord. This is a grouping including all animals apart from the chordate ...

s, among them

winged insects The Pterygota ( grc, πτερυγωτός, pterugōtós, winged) are a subclass of insects that includes the winged insects. It also includes insect orders that are secondarily wingless (that is, insect groups whose ancestors once had wings b ...

(

Lepidoptera Lepidoptera ( ) is an order (biology), order of insects that includes butterfly, butterflies and moths (both are called lepidopterans). About 180,000 species of the Lepidoptera are described, in 126 Family (biology), families and 46 Taxonomic r ...

ns,

Hymenoptera Hymenoptera is a large order (biology), order of insects, comprising the sawfly, sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants. Over 150,000 living species of Hymenoptera have been described, in addition to over 2,000 extinct ones. Many of the species are Par ...

ns,

Diptera Flies are insects of the order Diptera, the name being derived from the Greek δι- ''di-'' "two", and πτερόν ''pteron'' "wing". Insects of this order use only a single pair of wings to fly, the hindwings having evolved into advanced ...

ns), and

decapods The Decapoda or decapods (literally "ten-footed") are an order of crustaceans within the class Malacostraca, including many familiar groups, such as crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp and prawns. Most decapods are scavengers. The order is estim ...

. However, species in this genus have been isolated only from Lepidoptera. There are 56 species in the genus.

Taxonomy

The following species are assigned to the genus: * '' Adoxophyes honmai nucleopolyhedrovirus'' * '' Agrotis ipsilon multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus'' * ''

Agrotis segetum nucleopolyhedrovirus A ''Agrotis'' is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae. The genus was erected by Ferdinand Ochsenheimer in 1816. A number of the species of this genus are extinct. Description The proboscis is well developed. Palpi obliquely porrect (extend ...

'' * '' Agrotis segetum nucleopolyhedrovirus B'' * '' Antheraea pernyi nucleopolyhedrovirus'' * '' Anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus'' * ''

Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus ''Autographa californica'' multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) is a nucleopolyhedrovirus belonging to the family ''Baculoviridae''.It has a double-stranded DNA genome that is 133,894 base pairs in length with 155 ORF ORF or Orf may refer to: ...

'' * '' Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus'' * '' Buzura suppressaria nucleopolyhedrovirus'' * '' Catopsilia pomona nucleopolyhedrovirus'' * '' Choristoneura fumiferana DEF multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus'' * '' Choristoneura fumiferana multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus'' * ''

Choristoneura murinana nucleopolyhedrovirus ''Choristoneura'' is a genus of moths in the family Tortricidae. Several species are serious pests of conifers, such as spruce and are known as spruce budworms. Species *'' Choristoneura adumbratanus'' (Walsingham, 1900) *'' Choristoneura afri ...

'' * ''

Choristoneura rosaceana nucleopolyhedrovirus ''Choristoneura'' is a genus of moths in the family Tortricidae. Several species are serious pests of conifers, such as spruce and are known as spruce budworms. Species *'' Choristoneura adumbratanus'' (Walsingham, 1900) *'' Choristoneura af ...

'' * ''

Chrysodeixis chalcites nucleopolyhedrovirus ''Chrysodeixis'' is a genus of moth Moths are a paraphyletic group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not butterflies, with moths making up the vast majority of the order. There are thought to be approximat ...

'' * ''

Chrysodeixis includens nucleopolyhedrovirus ''Chrysodeixis'' is a genus of moth Moths are a paraphyletic group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not butterflies, with moths making up the vast majority of the order. There are thought to be approximat ...

'' * ''

Clanis bilineata nucleopolyhedrovirus ''Clanis'' is a genus of moths in the family Sphingidae The Sphingidae are a family of moths (Lepidoptera) called sphinx moths, also colloquially known as hawk moths, with many of their caterpillars known as “hornworms”; it includes abo ...

'' * ''

Condylorrhiza vestigialis nucleopolyhedrovirus ''Condylorrhiza'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae The Crambidae are the grass moth family of lepidopterans. They are variable in appearance, the nominal subfamily Crambinae (grass moths) taking up closely folded postures on grass st ...

'' * ''

Cryptophlebia peltastica nucleopolyhedrovirus ''Cryptophlebia'' is a genus of moths belonging to the subfamily Olethreutinae of the family Tortricidae. Species *'' Cryptophlebia amamiana'' Komai & Nasu, 2003 *'' Cryptophlebia amblyopa'' Clarke, 1976 *'' Cryptophlebia amethystina'' ( Diako ...

'' * ''

Cyclophragma undans nucleopolyhedrovirus ''Cyclophragma'' is a genus of moths in the family Lasiocampidae The Lasiocampidae are a family of moths also known as eggars, tent caterpillars, snout moths (although this also refers to the Pyralidae), or lappet moths. Over 2,000 species occ ...

'' * ''

Ectropis obliqua nucleopolyhedrovirus ''Ectropis'' is a genus in the geometer moth family (Geometridae). They are mostly paleotropical, but also plentiful in Australia and extend into Asia. Only one species – or cryptic species complex – (the engrailed/small engrailed, ' ...

'' * ''

Epiphyas postvittana nucleopolyhedrovirus ''Epiphyas'' is a genus of moths of the family Tortricidae in the tribe Archipini. Species *'' Epiphyas ammotypa'' (Turner, 1945) *''Epiphyas ashworthana'' (Newman, 1856) *'' Epiphyas asthenopis'' (Lower, 1902) *''Epiphyas aulacana'' (Meyrick, ...

Structure

Viruses in ''Alphabaculovirus'' are enveloped, with circular genomes around 80–180 kbp in length. The genome codes for 100 to 180 proteins.

Life cycle

''Alphabaculovirus'' replication is nuclear. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral

glycoprotein Glycoproteins are proteins which contain oligosaccharide chains covalently attached to amino acid side-chains. The carbohydrate is attached to the protein in a cotranslational or posttranslational modification. This process is known as glycos ...

s to host receptors, which mediates

endocytosis Endocytosis is a cellular process in which substances are brought into the cell. The material to be internalized is surrounded by an area of cell membrane, which then buds off inside the cell to form a vesicle containing the ingested material. E ...

. Replication follows the double-stranded DNA bidirectional replication model. DNA-templated

transcription Transcription refers to the process of converting sounds (voice, music etc.) into letters or musical notes, or producing a copy of something in another medium, including: Genetics * Transcription (biology), the copying of DNA into RNA, the fir ...

with some alternative splicing mechanism is the method of transcription.

Translation Translation is the communication of the Meaning (linguistic), meaning of a #Source and target languages, source-language text by means of an Dynamic and formal equivalence, equivalent #Source and target languages, target-language text. The ...

takes place by

leaky scanning Leaky scanning is a mechanism used during the initiation phase of eukaryotic translation that enables regulation of gene expression. During initiation, the small 40S ribosomal subunit (as a 43S PIC) "scans" or moves in a 5' --> 3' direction along ...

. The virus exits the host cell by nuclear pore export and exists in occlusion bodies after cell death, remaining infectious until finding another host. Winged insects, arthropods, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, and Decapoda serve as natural hosts. Transmission routes are fecal-oral.

References

External links

ICTV Report: ''Baculoviridae''

{{Taxonbar, from=Q9607776 Baculoviridae Virus genera