''Alopecosa'' is a spider genus in the family
Lycosidae (wolf spiders), with about 160 species. They have a largely
Eurasian distribution, although some species are found in North Africa and North America.
Life cycle
Most species grow up to 2 cm. ''Alopecosa'' females make a burrow in which they deposit their
egg
An egg is an organic vessel grown by an animal to carry a possibly fertilized egg cell (a zygote) and to incubate from it an embryo within the egg until the embryo has become an animal fetus that can survive on its own, at which point the a ...
sac. The female then stays in the burrow guarding the sac until the eggs hatch.
Taxonomy
The species in this genus have been traditionally grouped into sibling
species complexes (groups) based on morphological characters, but, as morphology-based taxonomy can be unreliable, alternative methods have also been employed to identify species correctly. For example, differences in observed courtship and copulation behaviour have proved to be a useful tool for species identification and delimitation, particularly in cryptic species.
Molecular techniques have also been applied to reconstruct
phylogenetic relationships between some species.
Species
, the
World Spider Catalog accepted the following species:
[
*'']Alopecosa accentuata
''Alopecosa accentuata'' is a species of wolf spider found commonly in open habitats throughout continental Europe with a reported palearctic distribution. The female has a body length (excluding legs) of up to 12 mm, the male is rather smal ...
'' (Latreille, 1817) – Europe
*''Alopecosa aculeata
''Alopecosa aculeata'' is a species of wolf spider in the family Lycosidae. It is found in North America, Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, a range from Russia (European to Far East), Central Asia, China, and Japan.
References
External links
*
...
'' (Clerck, 1757) – North America, Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Iran, Central Asia, China, Japan
*'' Alopecosa akkolka'' Marusik, 1995 – Kazakhstan, China
*'' Alopecosa albofasciata'' (Brullé, 1832) – Mediterranean to Central Asia
*'' Alopecosa albonotata'' (Schmidt, 1895) – Russia (Middle Siberia)
*'' Alopecosa albostriata'' (Grube, 1861) – Russia (West to East Siberia, Far East)
*'' Alopecosa albovittata'' (Schmidt, 1895) – Russia (Middle Siberia)
*'' Alopecosa alpicola'' (Simon, 1876) – Spain, France, Italy, Russia (Europe), China, Caucasus?, Kazakhstan?
*'' Alopecosa andesiana'' (Berland, 1913) – Ecuador
*'' Alopecosa artenarensis'' Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
*'' Alopecosa atis'' Caporiacco, 1949 – Libya
*'' Alopecosa auripilosa'' (Schenkel, 1953) – Russia (Far East), China, Korea
*'' Alopecosa aurita'' Chen, Song & Kim, 2001 – China
*'' Alopecosa ayubaevorum'' Fomichev & Logunov, 2015 – Russia (Altai)
*'' Alopecosa azsheganovae'' Esyunin, 1996 – Russia (Europe to South Siberia)
*'' Alopecosa balinensis'' (Giltay, 1935) – Indonesia (Bali)
*'' Alopecosa beckeri'' (Thorell, 1875) – Ukraine
*'' Alopecosa camerunensis'' Roewer, 1960 – Cameroon
*'' Alopecosa canaricola'' Schmidt, 1982 – Canary Is.
*'' Alopecosa cedroensis'' Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
*'' Alopecosa chagyabensis'' Hu & Li, 1987 – China
*'' Alopecosa cinnameopilosa'' (Schenkel, 1963) – Kazakhstan, Russia (Central Asia to Far East), China, Korea, Japan
*''Alopecosa cronebergi
''Alopecosa cronebergi'' is a wolf spider species in the genus ''Alopecosa'' found in Ukraine, Russia, Kazakhstan, and Hungary (which is "doubtful"). The species was first described by Tamerlan Thorell in 1875, as ''Tarentula cronebergi''. It wa ...
'' (Thorell, 1875) – Slovakia, Ukraine, Russia (Europe), Caucasus, Kazakhstan
*''Alopecosa cuneata
''Alopecosa cuneata'' is a species of spiders belonging to the family Lycosidae.
It is native to Eurasia
Eurasia (, ) is the largest continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. Primarily in the Northern and Eastern Hem ...
'' (Clerck, 1757) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, China
*'' Alopecosa cursor'' (Hahn, 1831) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Iran, Central Asia, China
*''Alopecosa cursorioides
''Alopecosa'' is a spider genus in the family Lycosidae (wolf spiders), with about 160 species. They have a largely Eurasian distribution, although some species are found in North Africa and North America.
Life cycle
Most species grow up to 2&n ...
'' Charitonov, 1969 – Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan
*''Alopecosa curtohirta
''Alopecosa'' is a spider genus in the family Lycosidae (wolf spiders), with about 160 species. They have a largely Eurasian distribution, although some species are found in North Africa and North America.
Life cycle
Most species grow up to 2&n ...
'' Tang, Urita & Song, 1993 – China
*'' Alopecosa deserta'' Ponomarev, 2007 – Kazakhstan
*''Alopecosa disca
''Alopecosa'' is a spider genus in the family Lycosidae (wolf spiders), with about 160 species. They have a largely Eurasian distribution, although some species are found in North Africa and North America.
Life cycle
Most species grow up to 2&nb ...
'' Tang, Yin & Yang, 1997 – China
*''Alopecosa dryada
''Alopecosa'' is a spider genus in the family Lycosidae (wolf spiders), with about 160 species. They have a largely Eurasian distribution, although some species are found in North Africa and North America.
Life cycle
Most species grow up to 2&n ...
'' Cordes, 1996 – Greece
*''Alopecosa edax
''Alopecosa edax'' is a wolf spider species in the genus ''Alopecosa'' found in Poland and China.
See also
* List of Lycosidae species
:''See also the List of Lycosidae genera, sorted by subfamilies.''
This page lists all described species of ...
'' (Thorell, 1875) – Poland, China
*'' Alopecosa ermolaevi'' Savelyeva, 1972 – Kazakhstan
*''Alopecosa etrusca
''Alopecosa'' is a spider genus in the family Lycosidae (wolf spiders), with about 160 species. They have a largely Eurasian distribution, although some species are found in North Africa and North America.
Life cycle
Most species grow up to 2&n ...
'' Lugetti & Tongiorgi, 1969 – Italy, North Macedonia, Turkey
*''Alopecosa exasperans
''Alopecosa exasperans'' is a species of wolf spider in the family Lycosidae. It is found in Canada and Greenland
Greenland ( kl, Kalaallit Nunaat, ; da, Grønland, ) is an island country in North America that is part of the Kingdom of ...
'' (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1877) – Canada, Greenland
*'' Alopecosa fabrilis'' (Clerck, 1757) ( type species) – Europe, Turkey, Russia (Europe to Far East), Central Asia, China
*''Alopecosa farinosa
''Alopecosa'' is a spider genus in the family Lycosidae (wolf spiders), with about 160 species. They have a largely Eurasian distribution, although some species are found in North Africa and North America.
Life cycle
Most species grow up to 2&n ...
'' (Herman, 1879) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, Iran?
*''Alopecosa fedotovi
''Alopecosa'' is a spider genus in the family Lycosidae (wolf spiders), with about 160 species. They have a largely Eurasian distribution, although some species are found in North Africa and North America.
Life cycle
Most species grow up to 2&n ...
'' (Charitonov, 1946) – Central Asia
*''Alopecosa fuerteventurensis
''Alopecosa'' is a spider genus in the family Lycosidae (wolf spiders), with about 160 species. They have a largely Eurasian distribution, although some species are found in North Africa and North America.
Life cycle
Most species grow up to 2&n ...
'' Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
*''Alopecosa fulvastra
''Alopecosa'' is a spider genus in the family Lycosidae (wolf spiders), with about 160 species. They have a largely Eurasian distribution, although some species are found in North Africa and North America.
Life cycle
Most species grow up to 2&n ...
'' Caporiacco, 1955 – Venezuela
*''Alopecosa gachangensis
''Alopecosa'' is a spider genus in the family Lycosidae (wolf spiders), with about 160 species. They have a largely Eurasian distribution, although some species are found in North Africa and North America.
Life cycle
Most species grow up to 2&n ...
'' Seo, 2017 – Korea
*''Alopecosa garamantica
''Alopecosa'' is a spider genus in the family Lycosidae (wolf spiders), with about 160 species. They have a largely Eurasian distribution, although some species are found in North Africa and North America.
Life cycle
Most species grow up to 2&n ...
'' (Caporiacco, 1936) – Libya
*''Alopecosa gomerae
''Alopecosa'' is a spider genus in the family Lycosidae (wolf spiders), with about 160 species. They have a largely Eurasian distribution, although some species are found in North Africa and North America.
Life cycle
Most species grow up to 2&n ...
'' (Strand, 1911) – Canary Is.
*''Alopecosa gracilis
''Alopecosa'' is a spider genus in the family Lycosidae (wolf spiders), with about 160 species. They have a largely Eurasian distribution, although some species are found in North Africa and North America.
Life cycle
Most species grow up to 2&n ...
'' (Bösenberg, 1895) – Canary Is.
*''Alopecosa grancanariensis'' Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
*''Alopecosa hamata'' (Schenkel, 1963) – China
*''Alopecosa hermiguensis'' Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
*''Alopecosa himalayaensis'' Hu, 2001 – China
*''Alopecosa hingganica'' Tang, Urita & Song, 1993 – Mongolia, China
*''Alopecosa hirta'' (Kulczyński, 1908) – Russia (north-eastern Siberia)
*''Alopecosa hirtipes'' (Kulczyński, 1907) – Canada, USA (Alaska), Russia (Europe to Far East)
*''Alopecosa hoevelsi'' Schmidt & Barensteiner, 2000 – China
*''Alopecosa hokkaidensis'' Tanaka, 1985 – Russia (Far East), China, Japan
*''Alopecosa huabanna'' Chen, Song & Gao, 2000 – China
*''Alopecosa hui'' Chen, Song & Kim, 2001 – China
*''Alopecosa inderensis'' Ponomarev, 2007 – Russia (Europe), Kazakhstan
*''Alopecosa inimica'' (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – Tajikistan
*''Alopecosa inquilina'' (Clerck, 1757) – Europe, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan
*''Alopecosa irinae'' Lobanova, 1978 – Russia (South Siberia)
*''Alopecosa kalahariana'' Roewer, 1960 – Botswana
*''Alopecosa kalavrita'' Buchar, 2001 – Greece
*''Alopecosa kaplanovi'' Oliger, 1983 – Russia (Far East)
*''Alopecosa kasakhstanica'' Savelyeva, 1972 – Russia (West to South Siberia, Central Asia), Kazakhstan
*''Alopecosa kochi'' (Keyserling, 1877) – North America
*''Alopecosa koponeni'' Blagoev & Dondale, 2014 – Canada
*''Alopecosa kovblyuki'' Nadolny & Ponomarev, 2012 – Ukraine, Russia (Europe, West Siberia), Kazakhstan
*''Alopecosa kratochvili'' (Schenkel, 1963) – China
*''Alopecosa krynickii'' (Thorell, 1875) – Ukraine (Crimea)
*''Alopecosa kulczynski'' Sternbergs, 1979 – Russia (Middle Siberia to Far East)
*''Alopecosa kulczynskii'' (Bösenberg, 1895) – Canary Is.
*''Alopecosa kulsaryensis'' Ponomarev, 2012 – Kazakhstan
*''Alopecosa kungurica'' Esyunin, 1996 – Russia (Europe)
*''Alopecosa kuntzi'' Denis, 1953 – Italy (Sicily), Turkey, Russia (Caucasus), Yemen
*''Alopecosa laciniosa'' (Simon, 1876) – Spain, France
*''Alopecosa lallemandi'' (Berland, 1913) – Ecuador
*''Alopecosa latifasciata'' (Kroneberg, 1875) – Central Asia
*''Alopecosa leonhardii'' (Strand, 1913) – Australia (Central)
*''Alopecosa lessertiana'' Brignoli, 1983 – China
*''Alopecosa licenti'' (Schenkel, 1953) – Russia (South Siberia, Far East), Mongolia, China, Korea
*''Alopecosa lindbergi'' Roewer, 1960 – Afghanistan
*''Alopecosa linzhan'' Chen & Song, 2003 – China
*''Alopecosa litvinovi'' Izmailova, 1989 – Russia (South Siberia)
*''Alopecosa longicymbia'' Savelyeva, 1972 – Kazakhstan
*''Alopecosa madigani'' (Hickman, 1944) – Australia (Northern Territory)
*''Alopecosa mariae'' (Dahl, 1908) – Italy, Central Europe to Ukraine and south-eastern Europe, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), China
*''Alopecosa marikovskyi'' Logunov, 2013 – Kazakhstan
*''Alopecosa medvedevi'' Ponomarev, 2009 – Kazakhstan
*''Alopecosa michaelseni'' (Simon, 1902) – Chile
*''Alopecosa mikhailovi'' Omelko, Marusik & Koponen, 2013 – Russia (Sakhalin)
*''Alopecosa moesta'' (Holmberg, 1876) – Argentina
*''Alopecosa mojonia'' (Mello-Leitão, 1941) – Argentina
*''Alopecosa moriutii'' Tanaka, 1985 – Russia (Far East), Korea, Japan
*''Alopecosa mutabilis'' (Kulczyński, 1908) – Russia (Europe to East Siberia), USA (Alaska)
*''Alopecosa nagpag'' Chen, Song & Kim, 2001 – China
*''Alopecosa nemurensis'' (Strand, 1907) – Japan
*''Alopecosa nigricans'' (Simon, 1886) – Argentina, Falkland Is.
*''Alopecosa nitidus'' Hu, 2001 – China
*''Alopecosa notabilis'' (Schmidt, 1895) – Kazakhstan
*''Alopecosa nybelini'' Roewer, 1960 – Afghanistan
*''Alopecosa oahuensis'' (Keyserling, 1890) – Hawaii
*''Alopecosa obscura'' Schmidt, 1980 – Canary Is.
*''Alopecosa obsoleta'' (C. L. Koch, 1847) – Turkmenistan
*''Alopecosa ogorodica'' Trilikauskas & Azarkina, 2014 – Russia (Altai)
*''Alopecosa orbisaca'' Peng, Yin, Zhang & Kim, 1997 – China
*''Alopecosa orophila'' (Thorell, 1887) – Myanmar
*''Alopecosa orotavensis'' (Strand, 1916) – Canary Is.
*''Alopecosa osa'' Marusik, Hippa & Koponen, 1996 – Russia (South Siberia)
*''Alopecosa osellai'' Lugetti & Tongiorgi, 1969 – Spain
*''Alopecosa ovalis'' Chen, Song & Gao, 2000 – China
*''Alopecosa palmae'' Schmidt, 1982 – Canary Is.
*''Alopecosa passibilis'' (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – China
*''Alopecosa pelusiaca'' (Audouin, 1826) – North Africa
*''Alopecosa pentheri'' (Nosek, 1905) – Italy, south-eastern Europe, Ukraine, Turkey, Caucasus (Russia, Azerbaijan)
*''Alopecosa pictilis'' (Emerton, 1885) – North America, Russia (South and north-eastern Siberia, Far East)
*''Alopecosa pinetorum'' (Thorell, 1856) – Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to South Siberia)
*''Alopecosa psammophila'' Buchar, 2001 – Czechia, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania
*''Alopecosa pseudocuneata'' (Schenkel, 1953) – China
*''Alopecosa pulverulenta'' (Clerck, 1757) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, Iran, China, Korea, Japan
*''Alopecosa pulverulenta'' tridentina (Thorell, 1875) – Austria
*''Alopecosa raddei'' (Simon, 1889) – Central Asia
*''Alopecosa rapa'' (Karsch, 1881) – Kiribati (Gilbert Is.)
*''Alopecosa restricta'' Mello-Leitão, 1940 – Argentina
*''Alopecosa rosea'' Mello-Leitão, 1945 – Argentina
*''Alopecosa saurica'' Marusik, 1995 – Kazakhstan
*''Alopecosa schmidti'' (Hahn, 1835) – Sweden, Central to eastern and south-eastern Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kazakhstan, Iran
*''Alopecosa sciophila'' Ponomarev, 2008 – Kazakhstan
*''Alopecosa sibirica'' (Kulczyński, 1908) – Russia (Middle Siberia to Far East), Mongolia, China
*''Alopecosa simoni'' (Thorell, 1872) – Mediterranean
*''Alopecosa sokhondoensis'' Logunov & Marusik, 1995 – Russia (Middle and South Siberia)
*''Alopecosa solitaria'' (Herman, 1879) – Italy, Central to south-eastern and eastern Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kazakhstan
*''Alopecosa solivaga'' (Kulczyński, 1901) – Russia (Europe, Siberia, Far East), Mongolia, China
*''Alopecosa solivaga'' annulata (Kulczyński, 1916) – Russia (West Siberia)
*''Alopecosa solivaga'' borea (Kulczyński, 1908) – Russia (Middle Siberia)
*''Alopecosa solivaga'' katunjica (Ermolajev, 1937) – Russia (Altai)
*''Alopecosa solivaga'' lineata (Kulczyński, 1916) – Russia (West Siberia)
*''Alopecosa spasskyi'' Ponomarev, 2008 – Russia (Europe), Kazakhstan
*''Alopecosa spinata'' Yu & Song, 1988 – China
*''Alopecosa steppica'' Ponomarev, 2007 – Ukraine, Russia (Europe), Kazakhstan
*''Alopecosa striatipes'' (C. L. Koch, 1839) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus
*''Alopecosa sublimbata'' Roewer, 1960 – Equatorial Guinea (Bioko)
*''Alopecosa subrufa'' (Schenkel, 1963) – Russia (South Siberia), Mongolia, China
*''Alopecosa subsolitaria'' Savelyeva, 1972 – Kazakhstan
*''Alopecosa subvalida'' Guy, 1966 – Morocco
*''Alopecosa sulzeri'' (Pavesi, 1873) – Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kazakhstan
*''Alopecosa taeniata'' (C. L. Koch, 1835) – Europe, Russia (Europe to South Siberia)
*''Alopecosa taeniopus'' (Kulczyński, 1895) – Greece to China
*''Alopecosa tanakai'' Omelko & Marusik, 2008 – Russia (Far East)
*''Alopecosa thaleri'' Hepner & Paulus, 2007 – Canary Is.
*''Alopecosa trabalis'' (Clerck, 1757) – Europe, Turkey, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kazakhstan, Iran, Central Asia
*''Alopecosa tunetana'' Roewer, 1960 – Tunisia
*''Alopecosa upembania'' Roewer, 1960 – Congo
*''Alopecosa valida'' (Lucas, 1846) – Morocco, Algeria
*''Alopecosa virgata'' (Kishida, 1910) – Russia (Far East), Korea, Japan
*''Alopecosa volubilis'' Yoo, Kim & Tanaka, 2004 – Russia (Far East), Korea, Japan
*''Alopecosa wenxianensis'' Tang, Yin & Yang, 1997 – China
*''Alopecosa werneri'' (Roewer, 1960) – Algeria
*''Alopecosa xiningensis'' Hu, 2001 – China
*''Alopecosa xinjiangensis'' Hu & Wu, 1989 – Mongolia, China
*''Alopecosa xuelin'' Tang & Zhang, 2004 – China
*''Alopecosa yamalensis'' Esyunin, 1996 – Russia (Europe, West Siberia)
*''Alopecosa zyuzini'' Logunov & Marusik, 1995 – Russia (South Siberia), Mongolia
Dubious names
''Nomen dubium, Nomina dubia'' (dubious names) include:[
*''Alopecosa reimoseri'' (Kolosváry, 1934)
*''Alopecosa strandi'' (Roșca, 1936)
]
Distribution and habitat
The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution. The majority of species are native to Eurasia, although some species occur in Africa, and others are found in North and South America.[ '' Alopecosa fabrilis'' is a critically endangered species found in Britain, with examples rediscovered in 2020 in the south of the country.]
References
External links
Picture of ''A. accentuata''
* Chen, Jun; Song, Da-Xiang & Gao, Jiu-Chun (2000), "Two new species of the genus ''Alopecosa'' Simon (Araneae: Lycosidae) from Inner Mongolia, China", ''Zoological Studies'' 39(2): 133–137
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{{Taxonbar, from=Q139668
Alopecosa,
Araneomorphae genera
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Cosmopolitan spiders