The Alma-Ata Protocols were the founding declarations and principles of the
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). The leaders of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus had agreed to the
Belovezh Accords
The Belovezh Accords ( be, Белавежскае пагадненне, link=no, russian: Беловежские соглашения, link=no, uk, Біловезькі угоди, link=no) are accords forming the agreement declaring that the ...
on 8 December 1991,
dissolving the Soviet Union and forming the CIS. On 21 December 1991,
Armenia
Armenia (), , group=pron officially the Republic of Armenia,, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of Western Asia.The UNbr>classification of world regions places Armenia in Western Asia; the CIA World Factbook , , and ...
,
Azerbaijan,
Belarus
Belarus,, , ; alternatively and formerly known as Byelorussia (from Russian ). officially the Republic of Belarus,; rus, Республика Беларусь, Respublika Belarus. is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by ...
,
Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan,
Moldova,
Russia,
Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan,
Ukraine, and
Uzbekistan agreed to the Alma-Ata Protocols, joining the CIS. The latter agreement included the original three Belavezha signatories, as well as eight additional former Soviet republics.
Georgia
Georgia most commonly refers to:
* Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia
* Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States
Georgia may also refer to:
Places
Historical states and entities
* Related to t ...
was the only former republic that did not participate while
Lithuania
Lithuania (; lt, Lietuva ), officially the Republic of Lithuania ( lt, Lietuvos Respublika, links=no ), is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea. Lithuania ...
,
Latvia
Latvia ( or ; lv, Latvija ; ltg, Latveja; liv, Leţmō), officially the Republic of Latvia ( lv, Latvijas Republika, links=no, ltg, Latvejas Republika, links=no, liv, Leţmō Vabāmō, links=no), is a country in the Baltic region of ...
and
Estonia
Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, and t ...
refused to do so as according to their governments, the Baltic states were illegally incorporated into the USSR in 1940.
The protocols consisted of a declaration, three agreements and separate appendices. In addition, Marshal
Yevgeny Shaposhnikov was confirmed as acting Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Commonwealth of Independent States. Separate treaty was signed between Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Ukraine "About mutual measures in regards to nuclear weapons".
(Угода про спільні заходи щодо ядерної зброї)
Verkhovna Rada. 21 December 1991
Agreement on Councils of Heads of State and Government
A provisional agreement on the membership and conduct of Councils of Heads of State and Government was concluded between the members of the Commonwealth of Independent States on December 30, 1991.
Agreement on Strategic Forces
Concluded between the 11 members of the Commonwealth of Independent States on December 30, 1991.
Agreement on Armed Forces and Border Troops
Concluded between the members of the Commonwealth of Independent States on December 30, 1991.
See also
* CIS Charter
The Charter of the Commonwealth of Independent States, also known as the Statutes of the Commonwealth of Independent States, (CIS Charter; russian: Устав Содружества Независимых Государств, ''Ustav Sodruzhestv ...
References
External links
The Alma-Ata Protocols (Russian language). Archive of Egor Gaidar
The Alma-Ata Protocols (Russian language)
Commonwealth of Independent States
Dissolution of the Soviet Union
1991 in the Soviet Union
Treaties of Moldova
Treaties of Azerbaijan
Treaties of Armenia
Treaties of Kazakhstan
Treaties of Kyrgyzstan
Treaties of Tajikistan
Treaties of Turkmenistan
Treaties of Uzbekistan
Treaties concluded in 1991
Treaties establishing intergovernmental organizations
Commonwealth of Independent States law
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