In
enzymology
Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products. A ...
, an allantoinase () is an
enzyme
Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products. A ...
that
catalyzes
Catalysis () is the process of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction by adding a substance known as a catalyst (). Catalysts are not consumed in the reaction and remain unchanged after it. If the reaction is rapid and the catalyst recyc ...
the
chemical reaction
A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the IUPAC nomenclature for organic transformations, chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. Classically, chemical reactions encompass changes that only involve the pos ...
:(S)-allantoin + H
2O
allantoate
Thus, the two
substrates of this enzyme are
(S)-allantoin and
H2O, whereas its
product is
allantoate.
This enzyme belongs to the family of
hydrolases, those acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds, specifically in cyclic amides. The
systematic name of this enzyme class is (S)-allantoin amidohydrolase. This enzyme participates in
purine metabolism
Purine metabolism refers to the metabolic pathways to synthesize and break down purines that are present in many organisms.
Biosynthesis
Purines are biologically synthesized as nucleotides and in particular as ribotides, i.e. bases attached to ri ...
.
References
*
EC 3.5.2
Enzymes of unknown structure
{{3.5-enzyme-stub