Allan Marquand (; December 10, 1853 – September 24, 1924) was an

art historian Art history is the study of aesthetic objects and visual expression in historical and stylistic context. Traditionally, the discipline of art history emphasized painting, drawing, sculpture, architecture, ceramics and decorative arts; yet today ...

Princeton University Princeton University is a private university, private research university in Princeton, New Jersey. Founded in 1746 in Elizabeth, New Jersey, Elizabeth as the College of New Jersey, Princeton is the List of Colonial Colleges, fourth-oldest ins ...

and a curator of the

Princeton University Art Museum The Princeton University Art Museum (PUAM) is the Princeton University gallery of art, located in Princeton, New Jersey. With a collecting history that began in 1755, the museum was formally established in 1882, and now houses over 113,000 works o ...

Early life

Marquand was born on December 10, 1853 in

New York City New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of United States cities by population, most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the L ...

. He was a son of Elizabeth Love (

née A birth name is the name of a person given upon birth. The term may be applied to the surname, the given name, or the entire name. Where births are required to be officially registered, the entire name entered onto a birth certificate or birth re ...

Allen) Marquand (1826–1895) and

Henry Gurdon Marquand Henry Gurdon Marquand (April 11, 1819 – February 26, 1902) was an American financier, philanthropist and art collector known for his extensive collection. Early life Marquand was born in New York City on April 11, 1819, not long after the dea ...

, a prominent philanthropist and

art collector A private collection is a privately owned collection of works (usually artworks) or valuable items. In a museum or art gallery context, the term signifies that a certain work is not owned by that institution, but is on loan from an individual ...

who served as the second president of the

Metropolitan Museum of Art The Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York City, colloquially "the Met", is the largest art museum in the Americas. Its permanent collection contains over two million works, divided among 17 curatorial departments. The main building at 1000 ...

. After graduating from Princeton in 1874, Allan obtained his Ph.D. in Philosophy at the

Johns Hopkins University Johns Hopkins University (Johns Hopkins, Hopkins, or JHU) is a private university, private research university in Baltimore, Maryland. Founded in 1876, Johns Hopkins is the oldest research university in the United States and in the western hem ...

in 1880. His thesis, supervised by

Charles Sanders Peirce Charles Sanders Peirce ( ; September 10, 1839 – April 19, 1914) was an American philosopher, logician, mathematician and scientist who is sometimes known as "the father of pragmatism". Educated as a chemist and employed as a scientist for t ...

, was on the logic of

Philodemus Philodemus of Gadara ( grc-gre, Φιλόδημος ὁ Γαδαρεύς, ''Philodēmos'', "love of the people"; c. 110 – prob. c. 40 or 35 BC) was an Arabic Epicurean philosopher and poet. He studied under Zeno of Sidon in Athens, before moving ...

Career

After obtaining his Ph.D., he returned to Princeton in 1881 to teach Latin and logic. During the 1881–1882 academic year, Marquand built a mechanical

logical machine A logical machine is a tool containing a set of parts that uses energy to perform formal logic operations. Early logical machines were mechanical devices that performed basic operations in Boolean logic. Contemporary logical machines are compute ...

that is still extant; he was inspired by related efforts of William S. Jevons in the UK. In 1887, following a suggestion of Peirce's, he outlined a machine to do logic using electric circuits. This necessitated his development of Marquand diagrams. (NB. Quite many secondary sources erroneously cite this work as "A logical diagram for ''n'' terms" or "On a logical diagram for ''n'' terms".) McCosh, the President of Princeton, deemed Marquand's relatively mathematical approach to teaching logic "unorthodox and uncalvinistic",Lavin, Marilyn Aronberg, 1983. ''The Eye of the Tiger: The Founding and Development of the Department of Art and Archaeology, 1883–1923''. Princeton: The Department of Art and Archaeology and the Art Museum. an approach he had learned at Peirce's feet. Hence in 1883, Marquand was offered a position teaching art history, a position he held until his death and at which he excelled. He was elected chairman of the Department of Art and Archaeology in 1905. He also served as the first director of the Princeton University Art Museum, a position he held until his 1922 retirement.

Personal life

On June 18, 1896, he married

Eleanor Cross The Eleanor crosses were a series of twelve tall and lavishly decorated stone monuments topped with crosses erected in a line down part of the east of England. King Edward I had them built between 1291 and about 1295 in memory of his beloved wi ...

in the Church of the Holy Communion in

South Orange, New Jersey South Orange, officially the Township of South Orange Village, is a suburban township in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the village's population was 16,198, reflecting a decline of 766 (4.5%) fro ...

. Eleanor, a daughter of English born railroad official and banker

Richard James Cross Richard James Cross (November 3, 1845 – March 30, 1917) was an English born railroad official and banker who was a prominent member of New York society during the Gilded Age. Early life Cross was born in Liverpool, England, on November 3, 1 ...

and Matilda (née Redmond) Cross, was a niece of Goold H. Redmond and

Frances Redmond Livingston Henry Beekman Livingston Jr. (October 3, 1854 – September 8, 1931) was an American banker, sportsman, and clubman who was prominent in New York society during the Gilded Age. Early life Livingston was born at 18 Washington Square North in New Y ...

. Her brothers, John Walter and Eliot Buchanan Cross, were prominent architects. Together, Eleanor and Allan were the parents of four children: * Eleanor Marquand (1897–1988), who married George Howard Forsyth Jr., a

Guggenheim Fellow Guggenheim Fellowships are grants that have been awarded annually since by the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation to those "who have demonstrated exceptional capacity for productive scholarship or exceptional creative ability in the ar ...

, in 1927. They divorced and in 1948 she married widower Douglas Delanoy, a member of the research staff of

Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Beane Merrill (officially Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated), previously branded Merrill Lynch, is an American investment management and wealth management division of Bank of America. Along with BofA Securities, the investment bank ...

. * Mary Marquand (1900–1974), who married industrialist Harold K. Hochschild, the president of the

American Metal Company American Metal Company was an American nonferrous metal trading and production company. History The origin of the American Metal Company (AMCO) begins with Metallgesellschaft AG of Germany, one of whose founders, Wilhelm Ralph Merton Wilhelm R ...

in 1941. * Sarnia Marquand (1902–1984), who never married. * Allan Marquand Jr. (1912–1938), who married Gertrude Palmer before his death at age 26 in 1938. Marquand died at the Presbyterian Hospital in New York on September 24, 1924 and was buried at

Princeton Cemetery Princeton Cemetery is located in Princeton, New Jersey, United States. It is owned by the Nassau Presbyterian Church. John F. Hageman in his 1878 history of Princeton, New Jersey refers to the cemetery as "The Westminster Abbey of the United State ...

. His widow, an authority on the representation and symbolism of flowers and trees in art, died in February 1950.

Publications

References

External links

*
Allan Marquand Papers
at the

Princeton University Library Princeton University Library is the main library system of Princeton University. With holdings of more than 7 million books, 6 million microforms, and 48,000 linear feet of manuscripts, it is among the largest libraries in the world by number of ...

Marquand, Allan
from Alexander Leitch, ''A Princeton Companion'', copyright

Princeton University Press Princeton University Press is an independent publisher with close connections to Princeton University. Its mission is to disseminate scholarship within academia and society at large. The press was founded by Whitney Darrow, with the financial su ...

(1978). {{DEFAULTSORT:Marquand, Allan 1853 births 1924 deaths Princeton University alumni Princeton University faculty Johns Hopkins University alumni American art historians Charles Sanders Peirce People from New York City Burials at Princeton Cemetery American art curators Historians from New York (state)