Aliyar bek Hashimbekov (; Azerbaijani: Əliyar bəy Haşımbəyov; 1856–1920) —

Imperial Russian The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. The ...

and Azerbaijani statesman and military leader of Kumyk origin, major-general.

Early years

He was born to Kumyk noble family on 8 March 1856 in

Baku Baku (, ; az, Bakı ) is the capital and largest city of Azerbaijan, as well as the largest city on the Caspian Sea and of the Caucasus region. Baku is located below sea level, which makes it the lowest lying national capital in the world a ...

. His father colonel Mehdigulu bek Hashimbekov was

naib Nawab ( Balochi: نواب; ar, نواب; bn, নবাব/নওয়াব; hi, नवाब; Punjabi : ਨਵਾਬ; Persian, Punjabi , Sindhi, Urdu: ), also spelled Nawaab, Navaab, Navab, Nowab, Nabob, Nawaabshah, Nawabshah or Nobab, ...

of West Tabasaran. According to Lezgi historian

Mirza Hasan Alkadari Mirza Hasan Alkadari () was a North Caucasian Islamic jurist ( faqih), historian, poet, educator in pre-revolutionary Dagestan. Biography He was born in Balakhani village, located in modern Untsukulsky District (not to be confused with Balakha ...

, he was descended from ruling clan of

Mehtuli Khanate Mehtuli Khanate (, ; ) or Dzhengutai Khanate () was a Kumyks, Kumyk state in Dagestan that existed in 17th century, 17th-19th century, 19th centuries. Population The main population of the state were Kumyks who was headed by a Khan (title), kha ...

. His grandfather was

Yusuf bek Kurinski Yusuf bek Kurinski (, ) was the last khan of Kura Khanate, as well as a general-major of Imperial Russian army. Career He was born in 1806 to Tahir bek, brother of Aslan bek, the first khan of Kura Khanate. He entered military service in the e ...

, was khan of Kura Khanate between 1859 and 1864. He had a younger brother - Hasan bek Hashimbekov (1860-?). He started his education in Baku Real School, then entered the military service on August 23, 1873, as an ordinary cadet at the

Pavlovsk Military School Pavel Military School (russian: Павловское военное училище, Pavlovskoye voennoye uchilishche) (also translated as Pavlovsk Military School, Pavlovsk Military College) is a military school in St. Petersburg, Russia, establish ...

, then studied at the Mikhailovsk Artillery School. On April 16, 1878, he was released as a second lieutenant in the 21st artillery brigade. On December 18 of the same year, he was promoted to lieutenant.

Service under Russian Empire

In January 1882, he was appointed executing the affairs of the Childir bailiff with the status of field light artillery. Next month, on February 6 he was transferred to the Khorosan bailiff but moved back on March 13 to Childir again. He was promoted to staff captain on May 15, 1883. On July 7, he was appointed military governor of the Saganlug section (near modern Şendurak, Oltu) of the

Kars Oblast The Kars Oblast was a province (''oblast'') of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire between 1878 and 1917. Its capital was the city of Kars, presently in Turkey. The ''oblast'' bordered the Ottoman Empire to the west, the Batum Oblast ...

. He was promoted to junior assistant on December 19, 1883, and from November 8, 1884, served as senior assistant to military governor of Kars Oblast. He was promoted to captain on August 30, 1884. 12 years later, on March 9, 1896, he was appointed military governor of

Ardahan district Ardahan District (also: ''Merkez'', meaning "central") is a district of Ardahan Province of Turkey. Its seat is the town Ardahan.Kağızman Kağızman ( ku, Qaxizman), formerly Kaghzvan (), is a town and district of Kars Province in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. The population was 23,100 in 2012. The current mayor is Nevzat Yıldız ( MHP), and the Kaymakam is İshak Çınar ...

, another administrative division of Kars Oblast on March 4, 1899. He became

colonel Colonel (abbreviated as Col., Col or COL) is a senior military officer rank used in many countries. It is also used in some police forces and paramilitary organizations. In the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, a colonel was typically in charge of ...

on December 6, 1901. And reappointed as assistant to the military governor of the Kars Oblast on May 26, 1908. He finally was promoted to the rank of major general on 6 December 1908. On July 14, 1913, by the Imperial order, Hashimbekov was dismissed from service due to illness as a

lieutenant general Lieutenant general (Lt Gen, LTG and similar) is a three-star military rank (NATO code OF-8) used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages, where the title of lieutenant general was held by the second-in-command on the ...

, with a uniform and a pension. Since that time, he served as an honorary judge of the peace. However, he was recalled to military service after breakout of

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

. He was reassigned to serve with the former rank of major general with the appointment of the commander of the 3rd Caucasian convoy brigade and enrollment in the army infantry on June 21, 1916.

Service under Azerbaijan Democratic Republic

After the proclamation of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, he was appointed governor of the newly created

Zaqatala Governorate The Zaqatala Governorate () was an administrative division of the short-lived Azerbaijan Democratic Republic between 1918 and 1920. The district had an overwhelming Muslim majority forming 92 percent of the population, however, was claimed by t ...

on 26 June 1918. He was dismissed from this post on 16 March 1919 and was appointed governor-general of South-West Azerbaijan Governorate (encompassing modern Nakhchivan) instead. From August 1919, he served in the Azerbaijani army as the head of the Intendant Directorate. He was dismissed from service due to illness on February 19, 1920. He was arrested by

Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic Azerbaijan ( az, Азәрбајҹан, Azərbaycan, italics=no), officially the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (Azerbaijan SSR; az, Азәрбајҹан Совет Сосиалист Республикасы, Azərbaycan Sovet Sosialist R ...

authorities and executed by firing squad on May 29, 1920, in Nargin Island.{{Cite web, title=Güllələnmiş generallar: Əlyar bəy Haşımbəyov, url=https://www.azadliq.org/a/24947766.html, access-date=2021-06-06, website=Azadlıq Radiosu, language=az

Awards

# Order of St. Stanislaus, 3rd degree (1889) #

Order of St. Anna The Imperial Order of Saint Anna (russian: Орден Святой Анны; also "Order of Saint Anne" or "Order of Saint Ann") was a Holstein ducal and then Russian imperial order of chivalry. It was established by Karl Friedrich, Duke of Holst ...

, 3rd degree (1894) # Order of St. Stanislaus, 2nd degree (1895) #

, 2nd degree (1898) #

Order of St. Vladimir The Imperial Order of Saint Prince Vladimir (russian: орден Святого Владимира) was an Imperial Russian order established on by Empress Catherine II in memory of the deeds of Saint Vladimir, the Grand Prince and the Baptizer ...

, 4th degree (1904) #

, 3rd degree (1911)

References

1856 births 1920 deaths Kumyks Imperial Russian Army generals Azerbaijan Democratic Republic politicians Recipients of the Order of Saint Stanislaus (Russian), 2nd class Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 2nd class Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 3rd class People from Baku Governorate Azerbaijani generals of Imperial Russian Army Azerbaijani generals Muslims from the Russian Empire