Feuerhalle Simmering - Arkadenhof - Alfred Hermann Fried, 2016

Alfred Hermann Fried (; 11 November 1864 – 4 May 1921) was an

Austria Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...

Jew Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""Th ...

ish

pacifist Pacifism is the opposition or resistance to war, militarism (including conscription and mandatory military service) or violence. Pacifists generally reject theories of Just War. The word ''pacifism'' was coined by the French peace campaign ...

, publicist, journalist, co-founder of the German peace movement, and winner (with

Tobias Asser Tobias Michael Carel Asser (; 28 April 1838 – 29 July 1913) was a Dutch lawyer and legal scholar. In 1911, he won the Nobel Peace Prize (together with Alfred Fried) for his work in the field of private international law, and in particular fo ...

) of the

Nobel Peace Prize The Nobel Peace Prize is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Swedish industrialist, inventor and armaments (military weapons and equipment) manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemi ...

in 1911. Fried was also a supporter of

Esperanto Esperanto ( or ) is the world's most widely spoken constructed international auxiliary language. Created by the Warsaw-based ophthalmologist L. L. Zamenhof in 1887, it was intended to be a universal second language for international communi ...

. He is the author of an Esperanto textbook and an Esperanto-German and German-Esperanto dictionary, first published in 1903 and republished in 1905.

Life

Born in

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...

, to a Jewish family, Fried left school at the age of 15 and started to work in a bookshop. In 1883 he moved to

Berlin Berlin ( , ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's most populous city, according to population within city limits. One of Germany's sixteen constitue ...

, where he opened a bookshop of his own in 1887. Following the publication by

Bertha von Suttner Bertha Sophie Felicitas Freifrau von Suttner (; ; 9 June 184321 June 1914) was an Austrian-Bohemian pacifist and novelist. In 1905, she became the second female Nobel laureate (after Marie Curie in 1903), the first woman to be awarded the Nobel ...

of '' Die Waffen nieder!'' (''Lay Down Your Arms'') in 1889, he and von Suttner began in 1892 to print a magazine of the same name. In articles published within ''Die Waffen nieder!'' and its successor, '' Die Friedenswarte'' (''The Peace Watch''), he articulated his pacifist philosophy. In 1892 he was a co-founder of the German Peace Society (

Deutsche Friedensgesellschaft The German Peace Society (german: Deutsche Friedensgesellschaft (DFG)) was founded in 1892 in Berlin. In 1900 it moved its headquarters to Stuttgart. It still exists and is known as the ''Deutsche Friedensgesellschaft - Vereinigte Kriegsdienstgegne ...

). He was one of the fathers of the idea of a modern organisation to assure worldwide peace (the principal idea was developed in the

League of Nations The League of Nations (french: link=no, Société des Nations ) was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. It was founded on 10 January 1920 by the Paris Peace Conference that ...

and after the

Second World War World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

in the UN). Fried was a prominent member of the

Esperanto movement The Esperanto movement, less commonly referred to as Esperantism ( eo, Esperantismo), is a movement to disseminate the use of the planned international language Esperanto.See the definition in theDeklaracio pri la Esenco de la Esperantismo (" ...

. In 1903 he published the book ''Lehrbuch der internationalen Hilfssprache Esperanto'' (''Textbook of the International Language Esperanto''). In 1909 he collaborated with

Paul Otlet Paul Marie Ghislain Otlet (; ; 23 August 1868 – 10 December 1944) was a Belgian author, entrepreneur, lawyer and peace activist; predicting the arrival of the internet before World War II, he is among those considered to be the father of infor ...

and

Henri La Fontaine Henri La Fontaine (; 22 April 1854 – 14 May 1943), was a Belgian international lawyer and president of the International Peace Bureau. He received the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1913 because "he was the effective leader of the peace movement in E ...

of the Central Office of International Associations in the preparation of the ''Annuaire de la Vie Internationale''. In 1911 he received the

together with

. During

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

, Fried moved to neutral Switzerland, and continued to advocate

international peace World peace, or peace on Earth, is the concept of an ideal state of peace within and among all people and nations on Planet Earth. Different cultures, religions, philosophies, and organizations have varying concepts on how such a state would ...

. He died in his hometown, Vienna, in 1921. His ashes are buried at

Feuerhalle Simmering Feuerhalle Simmering is a crematorium with attached urn burial ground in the Simmering (Vienna), Simmering district of Vienna, Austria. It lies at the end of an alley, directly opposite Vienna Central Cemetery's main gate. Description Opened on ...

Work

*Das Abrüstungs-Problem: Eine Untersuchung. Berlin, Gutman, 1904. *Abschied von Wien *The German Emperor and the Peace of the World, with a Preface by

Norman Angell Sir Ralph Norman Angell (26 December 1872 – 7 October 1967) was an English Nobel Peace Prize winner. He was a lecturer, journalist, author and Member of Parliament for the Labour Party. Angell was one of the principal founders of the Union o ...

. London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1912. *Die Grundlagen des revolutionären Pacifismus. Tübingen, Mohr, 1908. Translated into French by Jean Lagorgette as Les Bases du pacifisme: Le Pacifisme réformiste et le pacifisme «révolutionnaire». Paris, Pedone, 1909. *Handbuch der Friedensbewegung. (Handbook of the Peace Movement) Wien, Oesterreichische Friedensgesellschaft, 1905. 2nd ed., Leipzig, Verlag der «Friedens-Warte», 1911. *«Intellectual Starvation in Germany and Austria», in Nation, 110 (March 20, 1920) 367–368. *International Cooperation. Newcastle upon Tyne, Richardson

918 __NOTOC__ Year 918 ( CMXVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * December 23 – King Conrad I, injured at one of his battles with Arnu ...

*Das internationale Leben der Gegenwart. Leipzig, Teubner, 1908. *«The League of Nations: An Ethical Institution», in Living Age, 306 (August 21, 1920) 440–443. *Mein Kriegstagebuch. (My War Journal) 4 Bde. Zürich, Rascher, 1918–1920. *Pan-Amerika. Zürich, Orell-Füssli, 1910. *The Restoration of Europe, transl. by Lewis Stiles Gannett. New York, Macmillan, 1916. *Der Weltprotest gegen den versailler Frieden. Leipzig, Verlag der Neue Geist, 1920. *Die zweite Haager Konferenz: Ihre Arbeiten, ihre Ergebnisse, und ihre Bedeutung. Leipzig, Nachfolger

908 __NOTOC__ Year 908 ( CMVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * May 15 – The three-year-old Constantine VII, the son of Emperor L ...

Esperanto textbook and vocabulary

* ''Wörterbuch Esperanto-Deutsch und Deutsch-Esperanto'' * ''Lehrbuch der internationalen Hilfssprache “Esperanto” mit Wörterbuch in Esperanto-Deutsch und Deutsch-Esperanto'', Berlin-Schönberg: Esperanto-Verlag, 1903 pr. Pass & Garleb, Berlin 18x12cm II, 120p. **2nd edition: Stuttgart: Franckhsche Verlagshandlung, 1905 18x12cm 91, 5p. **3rd edition: Stuttgart: Franckhsche Verlagshandlung, 1905 18x12cm 91p.

References

* Roger Chickering: ''Imperial Germany and A World Without War : The Peace Movement and German Society, 1892–1914.'' Princeton University Press, Princeton 1975, . * Walter Göhring: ''Verdrängt und Vergessen – Friedensnobelpreisträger. Alfred Hermann Fried.'' Kremayr & Scheriau, Wien 2006, * Bernhard Kupfer: ''Lexikon der Nobelpreisträger.'' Patmos, Düsseldorf 2001, * Petra Schönemann-Behrens: ''„Organisiert die Welt“. Leben und Werk des Friedensnobelpreisträgers Alfred Hermann Fried (1864–1921).'' Dissertation, Universität Bremen 2004. * Bernhard Tuider: ''Alfred Hermann Fried. Pazifist im Ersten Weltkrieg – Illusion und Vision.'' VDM, Saarbrücken 2010,
About Alfred Hermann Fried
( ( 2009-10-25) * {{DEFAULTSORT:Fried, Alfred 1864 births 1921 deaths Nobel Peace Prize laureates Austrian Nobel laureates Austro-Hungarian Nobel laureates Journalists from Vienna Austrian Jews Austrian pacifists German Peace Society members Jewish pacifists Jewish peace activists Esperanto speaking Jews Austrian Esperantists Burials at Feuerhalle Simmering

Life

Work

Esperanto textbook and vocabulary

See also

References